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A Methodology for Modeling and Representing Expert Knowledge
A Methodology for Modeling and Representing Expert Knowledge

... rapidly developing a knowledge-based critiquer that receives as input the description of a military course of action and assesses various aspects of the COA, such as its strengths and weaknesses with respect to the Principles of War and the Tenets of Army Operations. The domain expert is given a spe ...
System Intelligence, Knowledge Systems and Darwin
System Intelligence, Knowledge Systems and Darwin

... Internal dynamic world models are a very essential part of the accumulated knowledge of a knowledge system. The system uses these models to produce anticipations of events either in physical reality or in the world of concepts. Senge (1990) speaks about Mental Models. As a matter of fact, an individ ...
Wallingford Public Schools - HIGH SCHOOL COURSE OUTLINE
Wallingford Public Schools - HIGH SCHOOL COURSE OUTLINE

... DNA is responsible for storing the information needed for cell reproduction and survival. Complex living things are organized in different levels. Change in any interacting process will impact cells/living things. Microorganisms play an essential role in life processes and cycles on Earth. Cells/liv ...
canonical3
canonical3

... My own work provides a rigorous mathematical formulation of the GW blackboard model, in terms of an iterated, second-order, contextually-embedded, hierarchical General Cognitive Model (GCM) crudely analogous to hierarchical regression. It is, however, based on the Shannon-McMillan rather than on the ...
School of Industrial Administration. I did - Stacks
School of Industrial Administration. I did - Stacks

... unworthy of a place at the foundations of economic theory. In proposes a model of the decision maker characterized by limited information must be processing and information gathering capabilities; who therefore of satisfied with decisions less than optimal; who uses strategies and tactics behaviors ...
Critical Technical Practice as a Methodology for - alumni
Critical Technical Practice as a Methodology for - alumni

... given to design that supports more authentic, rich human experiences taking into account the complex meaningmaking activities we engage in every day. One approach toward enhancing design for experience is to identify aspects missing from existing computer models, such as emotion and creativity, add ...
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS

... 10. Define speech recognition and understanding. Why is it useful? Speech or voice recognition is a data input method. For example, the computer recognizes and understands one (or a few) word commands. Speech understanding on the other hand is the computer's ability to understand a spoken language. ...
A SYNTHESIS OF DIFFERENT PSYCHOLOGICAL LEARNING
A SYNTHESIS OF DIFFERENT PSYCHOLOGICAL LEARNING

... issue of egocentric speech, even though I cannot agree with him on all points. First, Vygotsky did realize that a real problem was involved, and not merely a question of statistics. Second, he himself verified the facts in question, instead of suppressing them through the artifices of measuring; and ...
Stove`s Discovery of the Worst Argument in the World
Stove`s Discovery of the Worst Argument in the World

... causes.’ Like all such arguments, Bloor’s says, in effect, that the mere fact that a theory is accepted is a reason for not accepting it. So far it has been taken for granted that the invalidity of the ‘Worst Argument’ is obvious. That is because its invalidity is obvious: its conclusion, ‘we cannot ...
Epistemological Remediation in Intelligent Tutoring
Epistemological Remediation in Intelligent Tutoring

... investigation relates to the diagnosis and remediation of students in ITS, which promote learning in that type of domain. We use the fact that the generic cognitive processes associated with each intellectual skill of the field can be modeled (Paquette 2002; Nkambou et al. 2003). In this way, our m ...
unconscious mind.
unconscious mind.

... What is Introspection? Experiments based in Epistemology Wundt thought that is we train people to explain their thoughts in a scientific manner we may find truth Critics say it is like trying to examine a car by looking at all of its parts disconnected from one another. How did early psychologists ...
File - PSYCHOLOGY WIZARD
File - PSYCHOLOGY WIZARD

... some evidence that processing emotions in therapy is a significant step towards positive change. Watson and Bedard (2006) found that clients with major depression, who showed higher levels of emotional processing, had better outcomes. Other researchers challenged traditional views about the value of ...
View PDF - Andrew.cmu.edu
View PDF - Andrew.cmu.edu

... Frege’s criticisms, as well as the extent to which these criticisms has substantial influence on Husserl’s later work, is still subject to debate (see, for example, [18]). But Husserl clearly felt the need to respond to Frege’s invective and distinguish his project from brute psychology, and the Pro ...
Managing Knowledge
Managing Knowledge

... • Descriptions of past experiences of human specialists ...
Bio-inspired
Bio-inspired

... acting in the face of uncertain and unpredictable environments. It was reasoned that if a single robot required complex systems and techniques in order to perform in a reliable manner, then perhaps intelligent systems could be designed with many “simpler” robots using a minimalist approach to sensin ...
How is Society Possible
How is Society Possible

... cognitive categories. The question then, How is nature possible?, i.e., what are the conditions which must be present in order that a "nature" may be given, is resolved by him through discovery of the forms which constitute the essence of our intellect and therewith bring into being "nature" as such ...
Taking Social Constructionism Seriously
Taking Social Constructionism Seriously

... an American politician once said (I quote from memory, and I might even have seen the quote in one of Gergen’s books): “The racial problem in the US will disappear if we just stop talking about it as a problem”. Such statements are chillingly close to constructionist slogans claiming that we can cha ...
- EdShare
- EdShare

... • Based on the fact that logic permits the establishment of the falsity but not the truth of theories in the light of observations • Science thus begins with problems for which falsifiable hypotheses are formulated as solutions • Hypotheses are then subjected to experimentation and criticism so that ...
REASONING ANd dECISION - Université Paul Sabatier
REASONING ANd dECISION - Université Paul Sabatier

... resort to probability theory. But this approach does not take into account where uncertainty comes from. Probability theory as a tool for representing uncertainty has long existed, but it often does away with the fact that there may be several reasons for being uncertain. The main reason evoked is t ...
EliminativismComplexityEmergence
EliminativismComplexityEmergence

... including your reading and understanding these words. Yet this familiar mental activity of reading exhibits characteristics that appear, at least on the surface, to violate this stricture. Presumably, your reading this text was initiated by considerations about what information it might provide you, ...
Conceptual History and International Relations
Conceptual History and International Relations

... and history.4 If IR knowledge is considered to be philosophical it means that the traditionalist are right – there is a timeless agenda, or a set of timeless problematiques, that political theorists have addressed themselves to. We can read Thucydides as addressing the concerns of the Cold War. Crit ...
Lecture 18 evo wrap up Behaviorism and Learning
Lecture 18 evo wrap up Behaviorism and Learning

... •  After Skinner, focus shifted from the behavioral output of reward (dog sitting) to what goes on between the environmental trigger (bell) and reward (steak) •  Social Learning 1. Observe behaviors of others being rewarded 2. Use your MIND to connect the two 3. Decide to behave similarly ...
Training a Cognitive Agent to Acquire and Represent Knowledge
Training a Cognitive Agent to Acquire and Represent Knowledge

... family of stochastic semi-supervised learning algorithms. The agent does not attempt to detect patterns, mine information, or summarize text, but instead focuses only on projecting information into a formal representation (KR structure), such that it can be manipulated for other knowledge management ...
Intelligent Systems: Perspectives and Research Challenges
Intelligent Systems: Perspectives and Research Challenges

... of  intelligent behaviour. The area  has had an active and exciting  history and is now a relatively  mature  area  of  computer  science.  Many  of  the  research  discoveries  have  reached  the  point  of  industrial  application and products, and many companies have made and saved millions of  R ...
Where do the main approaches in psychology stand on
Where do the main approaches in psychology stand on

... Where do the main approaches in psychology stand on determinism? The biological approach takes the view that behaviour is determined by internal, biological systems. This is physiological determinism. Up to a point physiological determinism is a valid argument. Clearly physiological factors provide ...
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Enactivism

Enactivism argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that our environment is one which we selectively create through our capacities to interact with the world. ""Organisms do not passively receive information from their environments, which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational and not merely informational interactions: they enact a world."" These authors suggest that the increasing emphasis upon enactive terminology presages a new era in thinking about cognitive science. How the actions involved in enactivism relate to age-old questions about free will remains a topic of active debate.The term 'enactivism' is close in meaning to 'enaction', defined as ""the manner in which a subject of perception creatively matches its actions to the requirements of its situation"". The introduction of the term enaction in this context is attributed to Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch, who proposed the name to ""emphasize the growing conviction that cognition is not the representation of a pre-given world by a pre-given mind but is rather the enactment of a world and a mind on the basis of a history of the variety of actions that a being in the world performs"". This was further developed by Thompson and others, to place emphasis upon the idea that experience of the world is a result of mutual interaction between the sensorimotor capacities of the organism and its environment.The initial emphasis of enactivism upon sensorimotor skills has been criticized as ""cognitively marginal"", but it has been extended to apply to higher level cognitive activities, such as social interactions. ""In the enactive view,... knowledge is constructed: it is constructed by an agent through its sensorimotor interactions with its environment, co-constructed between and within living species through their meaningful interaction with each other. In its most abstract form, knowledge is co-constructed between human individuals in socio-linguistic interactions...Science is a particular form of social knowledge construction...[that] allows us to perceive and predict events beyond our immediate cognitive grasp...and also to construct further, even more powerful scientific knowledge.""Enactivism is closely related to situated cognition and embodied cognition, and is presented as an alternative to cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism.
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