The adversarial stochastic shortest path problem with unknown
... of the environment. However, in practice, the environment might be very complex, for example, in an inventory management problem, the “world’s economy” may influence the prices at which one can buy or sell items, thus modeling the environment as an MDP would mean that the learner must model the worl ...
... of the environment. However, in practice, the environment might be very complex, for example, in an inventory management problem, the “world’s economy” may influence the prices at which one can buy or sell items, thus modeling the environment as an MDP would mean that the learner must model the worl ...
melanin in the body
... In the skin melanin is made of smaller component molecules, and there is a variety of different types of melanin with different molecule bonding patterns. Pheomelanin (melanin red-brown in colour) and eumelanin (melanin which is black-brown in colour) are found in the skin and hair. It is eumelanin ...
... In the skin melanin is made of smaller component molecules, and there is a variety of different types of melanin with different molecule bonding patterns. Pheomelanin (melanin red-brown in colour) and eumelanin (melanin which is black-brown in colour) are found in the skin and hair. It is eumelanin ...
Geography Policy - Norfolk Community Primary School
... Geography contributes significantly to the teaching of personal, social and health education and citizenship. Firstly, the subject matter lends itself to raising matters of citizenship and social welfare. For example, children study the way people re-cycle material and how environments are changed f ...
... Geography contributes significantly to the teaching of personal, social and health education and citizenship. Firstly, the subject matter lends itself to raising matters of citizenship and social welfare. For example, children study the way people re-cycle material and how environments are changed f ...
The Nervous System
... – It is accompanied by inflammation, axon damage, and scarring of neural tissue – This results in a gradual loss of sensation and motor control, leaving affected areas numb and paralyzed • In multiple sclerosis (MS), axons in the optic nerve, brain, and/or spinal cord are affected – Common symptoms ...
... – It is accompanied by inflammation, axon damage, and scarring of neural tissue – This results in a gradual loss of sensation and motor control, leaving affected areas numb and paralyzed • In multiple sclerosis (MS), axons in the optic nerve, brain, and/or spinal cord are affected – Common symptoms ...
Insect hearing: from physics to ecology - Karl-Franzens
... elaborated in interneurons (Hildebrandt et al. 2015). Hildebrandt et al. take advantage of the multitude of independently evolved auditory pathways found in insects which allowed them to abstract from specific physiological mechanisms and to derive a few general computational principles important fo ...
... elaborated in interneurons (Hildebrandt et al. 2015). Hildebrandt et al. take advantage of the multitude of independently evolved auditory pathways found in insects which allowed them to abstract from specific physiological mechanisms and to derive a few general computational principles important fo ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... of the fathers of Gestalt psychology, together with Held, invoked ‘‘electric field’’ effects to explain how the perception of patterns would be produced in the brain. In their study, they set out to demonstrate an isomorphic shape correlate of pattern vision (see the review by Wurtz, 2009), but what ...
... of the fathers of Gestalt psychology, together with Held, invoked ‘‘electric field’’ effects to explain how the perception of patterns would be produced in the brain. In their study, they set out to demonstrate an isomorphic shape correlate of pattern vision (see the review by Wurtz, 2009), but what ...
NCEPTS Tricks of the Trade How to Think about Your
... item in question as X. "I see, you've shown that children of dil1erent racial groups differ by ten points, on the average, on something called X. So what?" But, of course, no one cares about the differential scores of black and white children on X. Without content, Xhas no relevance to any question ...
... item in question as X. "I see, you've shown that children of dil1erent racial groups differ by ten points, on the average, on something called X. So what?" But, of course, no one cares about the differential scores of black and white children on X. Without content, Xhas no relevance to any question ...
Dynamic Potential-Based Reward Shaping
... Despite these limitations in the theoretical results, empirical work has demonstrated the usefulness of a dynamic potential function [10, 11, 12, 13]. When applying potentialbased reward shaping, a common challenge is how to set the potential function. The existing implementations using dynamic pote ...
... Despite these limitations in the theoretical results, empirical work has demonstrated the usefulness of a dynamic potential function [10, 11, 12, 13]. When applying potentialbased reward shaping, a common challenge is how to set the potential function. The existing implementations using dynamic pote ...
2012 version HERE . - School of Computer Science
... An example: Debates about teaching reading There are recurring debates about how to teach children to read, by debaters who have never designed or debugged a machine that is capable of visual perception, language production, language understanding, thinking, learning, or reading stories. In particu ...
... An example: Debates about teaching reading There are recurring debates about how to teach children to read, by debaters who have never designed or debugged a machine that is capable of visual perception, language production, language understanding, thinking, learning, or reading stories. In particu ...
Evolving concepts of developmental auditory processing disorder
... subtests use a dichotic presentation of competing words or sentences. Such paradigms have long been used in experimental psychology (Broadbent, 1958), and are more-often considered assessments of attention and memory than auditory processing. An added complication is that the competing sentences sub ...
... subtests use a dichotic presentation of competing words or sentences. Such paradigms have long been used in experimental psychology (Broadbent, 1958), and are more-often considered assessments of attention and memory than auditory processing. An added complication is that the competing sentences sub ...
Chapter II Theoretical Approaches and Key Concepts in Medical
... 2.2.2 The interpretive approach in medical anthropology The interpretive approach, which emerged with Arthur Kleinman’s foundational work (1980), departs from an epistemological stand that differs from earlier approaches such as the ecological and cognitive. The concept of explanatory models of illn ...
... 2.2.2 The interpretive approach in medical anthropology The interpretive approach, which emerged with Arthur Kleinman’s foundational work (1980), departs from an epistemological stand that differs from earlier approaches such as the ecological and cognitive. The concept of explanatory models of illn ...
Broca`s Area in Language, Action, and Music
... and posterior language areas has been classically considered to be mediated by the arcuate fasciculus. Recently the anatomic connectivity pattern between Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas as well as the inferior parietal lobule (Geschwind’s territory) have been assessed using diffusion tensor imaging.13 ...
... and posterior language areas has been classically considered to be mediated by the arcuate fasciculus. Recently the anatomic connectivity pattern between Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas as well as the inferior parietal lobule (Geschwind’s territory) have been assessed using diffusion tensor imaging.13 ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... By stimulus-driven increases, we mean additional neural activity induced by the presentation of novel information. In the visual system, presentation of novel stimulus features is associated with dishabituation of the relevant neurons and therefore transient increases in fMRI signal. This can be obs ...
... By stimulus-driven increases, we mean additional neural activity induced by the presentation of novel information. In the visual system, presentation of novel stimulus features is associated with dishabituation of the relevant neurons and therefore transient increases in fMRI signal. This can be obs ...
Comparing Human and Automated Agents in a
... dscarafo@u.rochester.edu, m.gordon@rochester.edu wlasecki@cs.rochester.edu ...
... dscarafo@u.rochester.edu, m.gordon@rochester.edu wlasecki@cs.rochester.edu ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... fetishized [concept] these days by social scientists” (Comaroff/Comaroff in Ahearn 2001: 112). As such, it is for instance still unsettled whether agency is specifically human, or if animals can have agency, or if even machines are capable of agency, as Bruno Latour (2007) promotes. Following Ahearn ...
... fetishized [concept] these days by social scientists” (Comaroff/Comaroff in Ahearn 2001: 112). As such, it is for instance still unsettled whether agency is specifically human, or if animals can have agency, or if even machines are capable of agency, as Bruno Latour (2007) promotes. Following Ahearn ...
Logic and artificial intelligence - Stanford Artificial Intelligence
... world are regarded as finite-state machines. We denote the machine state by M; it is one of a set ~t of states. We denote the world state by W; it is one of a set o/¢ of states. The input to the machine is denoted by S---one of a set fie of inputs; the output of the machine is denoted by A---one of ...
... world are regarded as finite-state machines. We denote the machine state by M; it is one of a set ~t of states. We denote the world state by W; it is one of a set o/¢ of states. The input to the machine is denoted by S---one of a set fie of inputs; the output of the machine is denoted by A---one of ...
Chapter 02 - Neurons and Glia
... Discussion Point: Discuss the following case study in the classroom and explain how retrograde transport help when studying brain connections. A competent research team injected HRP into the brain in order to study the connections of the cells at the injected site. 1) What happens to the HRP? (It is ...
... Discussion Point: Discuss the following case study in the classroom and explain how retrograde transport help when studying brain connections. A competent research team injected HRP into the brain in order to study the connections of the cells at the injected site. 1) What happens to the HRP? (It is ...
Brain oscillations in perception and memory
... these methods yields results leading to the conclusion that alpha-, theta-, delta-, and gammaresponses are functionally relevant brain responses-related to psychophysiological functions, in short, ‘real signals’ ŽBaşar, 1998, 1999.. We intend to show that these oscillations have multifold functions ...
... these methods yields results leading to the conclusion that alpha-, theta-, delta-, and gammaresponses are functionally relevant brain responses-related to psychophysiological functions, in short, ‘real signals’ ŽBaşar, 1998, 1999.. We intend to show that these oscillations have multifold functions ...
Knowledge-based agents
... makes him selecting similar choices to reinforce his happiness. E.g. anger or distress may guide an agent into selecting choices he would otherwise not consider. Those choices maybe the solution to his problem. A thought: A* is an optimistic algorithm. Because of that it is complete (always finds a ...
... makes him selecting similar choices to reinforce his happiness. E.g. anger or distress may guide an agent into selecting choices he would otherwise not consider. Those choices maybe the solution to his problem. A thought: A* is an optimistic algorithm. Because of that it is complete (always finds a ...
Lecture 2: Structure and function of the NS
... all the neuron’s enzymes, structural proteins, membrane components, and organelles, as well as some of its chemical messengers. Its structure (Fig. 1-9) reflects this function. The nucleus is large and pale-staining, with most of its chromatin dispersed and available for transcription; it contains o ...
... all the neuron’s enzymes, structural proteins, membrane components, and organelles, as well as some of its chemical messengers. Its structure (Fig. 1-9) reflects this function. The nucleus is large and pale-staining, with most of its chromatin dispersed and available for transcription; it contains o ...
Evolution of Nervous Systems and Brains
... the maintenance of inner “vital” functions of the organism and the control of behavior of that organism within a given environment [4]. Unicellular organisms exert the same functions and exhibit remarkably complex behaviors, although they do not possess, by definition, a nervous system. Bacteria sen ...
... the maintenance of inner “vital” functions of the organism and the control of behavior of that organism within a given environment [4]. Unicellular organisms exert the same functions and exhibit remarkably complex behaviors, although they do not possess, by definition, a nervous system. Bacteria sen ...
Olfactory processing: maps, time and codes Gilles Laurent
... to increase signal-to-noise ratios by averaging out uncorrelated noise. Why would such a functional constraint be best served by converging projections to single glomeruli? After all, each postsynaptic neuron that does the averaging could simply extend long and possibly electrically active dendrites ...
... to increase signal-to-noise ratios by averaging out uncorrelated noise. Why would such a functional constraint be best served by converging projections to single glomeruli? After all, each postsynaptic neuron that does the averaging could simply extend long and possibly electrically active dendrites ...
Almost Reason Enough for Having Eyes
... creatures with dichromatic color vision. Wavelengths in which the relative absorption by the S cones is highest are shown as appearing blue to the animal (by analogy to the human blue-yellow system) and wavelengths in which the relative absorption by the other cone type (L in the dog) is highest are ...
... creatures with dichromatic color vision. Wavelengths in which the relative absorption by the S cones is highest are shown as appearing blue to the animal (by analogy to the human blue-yellow system) and wavelengths in which the relative absorption by the other cone type (L in the dog) is highest are ...