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Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem

... perception. If a hearing loss affects this area, conversation is not possible. Figure modified from Rémy Pujol ...
Supporting Problem Solving in PBL - Purdue e-Pubs
Supporting Problem Solving in PBL - Purdue e-Pubs

... faculty members deem authentic problems. Emergent problems occur during practice within a disciplinary field, where problems are embedded in authentic settings, allowing students to learn a skill by engaging in the activities germane to that field (Barab, Squire, & Dueber, 2000). PBLEs usually engag ...
thinking chickens
thinking chickens

... to humans at least seven years old,16 ample evidence exists of nonhuman animals — including chimpanzees, various species of monkeys, rats, and several bird species — who can use transitive inference.17 In one study, hens used transitive inference to figure out how likely they were to win during a co ...
Other-Regarding Preferences in General Equilibrium - U
Other-Regarding Preferences in General Equilibrium - U

... which documents and models how decision makers often fail to maximize their narrow self interest, has expanded rapidly.2 In familiar bargaining and public-goods games, models of ORP yield strikingly different and more accurate predictions about play than standard theory. This paper investigates the ...
A distributed problem-solving approach to rule induction
A distributed problem-solving approach to rule induction

... March[ 1987] showed how the learning effects can b e affected by coordination among the agents. Of particular interests are the use of various forms o f group-interaction processes, such as group induction, nominal group techniques, or brain storming, for achieving the learning effects among the who ...
The Mind-Body Problem and Current Behavioral
The Mind-Body Problem and Current Behavioral

... dificulty/impossibility of explaining subjective experiences by scientific/objective means (the MindBody Problem). ...
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Week10-BUAD283-Chp04
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The assessment of hemispheric lateralization in functional MRI
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CS 561a: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
CS 561a: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

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State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical

... other studies have reported representation of low-level features of observed actions within the frontoparietal system. Among others is, for example, the presence of spatially segregated representations of different effectors (Buccino et al. 2001) or the evidence of the processing of kinematics of th ...
I agree with all of these copyright terms
I agree with all of these copyright terms

... people were induced, with rather little justification, to write an essay that was contrary to their own attitudes. For those high on the trait of Machiavellianism, lying or writing a counter-attitudinal essay would not be inconsistent with their self-concept, and thus they should not experience the ...
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Contextual Reasoning - Homepages of UvA/FNWI staff
Contextual Reasoning - Homepages of UvA/FNWI staff

... This thesis’ contribution to the theory of contextual reasoning is twofold. First, it delineates the computational complexity of contextual reasoning. A first insight is obtained by translating contextual reasoning into a rather simple form of reasoning in bounded modal logic. A more direct and gene ...
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An Analysis of Free-Will - ScholarWorks at WMU
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... natural world. These were the Greek physiologoi, the earliest coming in around 600 B.C.E (Mastin 2008). Their primary assumption was the belief that the causes of events in the physical world were natural laws governing material phenomenon (Dorin, 2014). Following the physiologoi were the Atomists o ...
Intelligence by Design - Department of Computer Science
Intelligence by Design - Department of Computer Science

... All intelligence relies on search — for example, the search for an intelligent agent’s next action. Search is only likely to succeed in resource-bounded agents if they have already been biased towards finding the right answer. In artificial agents, the primary source of bias is engineering. This dis ...
Cognitive Analytics: A Step Towards Tacit Knowledge?
Cognitive Analytics: A Step Towards Tacit Knowledge?

... and Data Warehousing are built on the premise that data must be centralized in order to effectively manage and exploit it. But there are many cases in which some of the data cannot be ingested into the central repository (e.g., due to policies, or technical limitations such as proprietary legacy sys ...
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Neural correlates of incidental and directed facial emotion
Neural correlates of incidental and directed facial emotion

... Marsh et al., 2006; Bell and Deater-Deckard, 2007; YurgelunTodd, 2007) is to compare brain activation in adolescents and adults when emotion processing is unconstrained as compared with when it is under cognitive control. Studies in healthy adults (Critchley et al., 2000; Hariri et al., 2000; Gorno- ...
AI Magazine - Winter 2014
AI Magazine - Winter 2014

... system complexity, and many other factors often preclude direct human oversight of many functions. In fact, it can be said that almost all spacecraft require some level of autonomy, if only as a backup when communications with humans are not available or fail for some reason. Increasing the levels o ...
Intelligence by Design: Principles of Modularity and Coordination for
Intelligence by Design: Principles of Modularity and Coordination for

... paper Intelligence Without Reason that introduced me to modular, distributed intelligence, convinced me to do a PhD, and brought me to MIT. It was on his and Lynn Stein’s Cog project that I started thinking about specialized learning. I reread that paper a month ago, and I’m amazed the extent to whi ...
AAC Interventions for Individuals with Acquired Disabilities
AAC Interventions for Individuals with Acquired Disabilities

... is expected. • If the stroke affects more than the brain stem, cognitive or language impairments may occur. • Usually no cognitive impairments ...
Extending Logic Programs with Description Logic Expressions for
Extending Logic Programs with Description Logic Expressions for

... relative to L, we first extend Φ such that: (i) all constants in C are individuals in I (i.e., C ⊆ I), so that constants occurring in DL expressions are individuals, and (ii) some concepts and roles in A ∪ R are included in P (as unary and binary predicate symbols, respectively), so that we can mak ...
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Embodied cognitive science

For approaches to cognitive science that emphasize the embodied mind, see Embodied cognitionEmbodied Cognitive Science is an interdisciplinary field of research, the aim of which is to explain the mechanisms underlying intelligent behavior. It comprises three main methodologies: 1) the modeling of psychological and biological systems in a holistic manner that considers the mind and body as a single entity, 2) the formation of a common set of general principles of intelligent behavior, and 3) the experimental use of robotic agents in controlled environments.Embodied cognitive science borrows heavily from embodied philosophy and the related research fields of cognitive science, psychology, neuroscience and artificial intelligence. From the perspective of neuroscience, research in this field was led by Gerald Edelman of the Neurosciences Institute at La Jolla, the late Francisco Varela of CNRS in France, and J. A. Scott Kelso of Florida Atlantic University. From the perspective of psychology, research by Michael Turvey, Lawrence Barsalou and Eleanor Rosch. From the perspective of language acquisition, Eric Lenneberg and Philip Rubin at Haskins Laboratories. From the perspective of autonomous agent design, early work is sometimes attributed to Rodney Brooks or Valentino Braitenberg. From the perspective of artificial intelligence, see Understanding Intelligence by Rolf Pfeifer and Christian Scheier or How the body shapes the way we think, also by Rolf Pfeifer and Josh C. Bongard. From the perspective of philosophy see Andy Clark, Shaun Gallagher, and Evan Thompson.Turing proposed that a machine may need a human-like body to think and speak:It can also be maintained that it is best to provide the machine with the best sense organs that money can buy, and then teach it to understand and speak English. That process could follow the normal teaching of a child. Things would be pointed out and named, etc. Again, I do not know what the right answer is, but I think both approaches should be tried (Turing, 1950).↑
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