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I believe the chemical bond is not so simple as people seem to think
I believe the chemical bond is not so simple as people seem to think

... observe experimentally, and until now, this has been impossible on the timescale of chemical reactions. Here we demonstrate the full three-dimensional structure of a single orbital can be imaged by a seemingly unlikely technique, using high harmo generated from intense femtosecond laser pulses focus ...
QUANTUM CHEMISTRY Model 1: Light and Waves Critical thinking
QUANTUM CHEMISTRY Model 1: Light and Waves Critical thinking

Electrons in the Atom
Electrons in the Atom

... 3. What is the energy released when a hydrogen electron moves from n=6 to n=2? 4. What is the difference between ground state and excited state? How do electrons move between these two states? 5. What does it mean for an atom to become an ion? How does the charge relate to the change in electrons? ...
Chapter 5 Electrons in Atoms
Chapter 5 Electrons in Atoms

... - proposes that e-(s) are arranged in concentric circles (orbits) around the nucleus - often called the “planetary model” 1. An energy level is a region in space where an e- is likely moving. 2. Each energy level has a fixed energy 3. Electron(s) can move from one energy level to another if it gains ...
Quantum mechanics and electron structure
Quantum mechanics and electron structure

The angular part of the wavefunction, A(θ, Φ)
The angular part of the wavefunction, A(θ, Φ)

... of the wavefunction associated with the boundary surface of the s orbital has a constant sign. For a p orbital, there is one phase change with respect to the boundary surface and this occurs at a nodal plane as is shown for the pz orbital in Figure 1. The amplitude of a wavefunction may be positive ...
Aufbau Diagram Directions
Aufbau Diagram Directions

... Aufbau: Electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first Pauli Exclusion: an atomic orbital may describe at most 2 electrons (each electron will have a different spin) Hund’s Rule: When electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitas contain one elect ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

Ch.5 VocabReview
Ch.5 VocabReview

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Arrangement of Electrons In Atoms

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AP Chemistry Chapter 6 Outline for Concepts to Know 6.1 Wave

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The Modern Nuclear Atom

... • Proposed a Hydrogen-atom model in 1913 • Electrons circle the nucleus in a specific orbit ...
Exam 2 with Solutions - Little Dumb Doctor .Com
Exam 2 with Solutions - Little Dumb Doctor .Com

... 10. In the Lewis electron dot structure for hydrazine, N2H4, the total number of lone electron pairs around the two nitrogen atoms is c. 2 11. Which compound contains a carbon-oxygen bond with a bond order of 2? a. CO2 12. Using the VSEPR theory, predict the molecular shape of ClF3. b. T-shaped 13. ...
Chapter 2 - Speedway High School
Chapter 2 - Speedway High School

... • An anion is a negatively charged ion • A cation is a positively charged ion • An ionic bond is an attraction between an anion and a cation ...
Chapter1011
Chapter1011

Quantum Numbers “Where are the Electrons?”
Quantum Numbers “Where are the Electrons?”

... o The principal quantum number (n), indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron.  n = a whole number such as 1, 2, 3, 4  n tells the distance from the nucleus and the energy of an electron in that main energy level (electrons in n=1 are closest to the nucleus and have the lowest energ ...
science 1 small-group tutorial scheme
science 1 small-group tutorial scheme

... The hydrogen emission spectrum experiment gives rise to a line spectrum. What does this tell us about the electromagnetic radiation being given out by the hydrogen atom? How was this result explained in terms of the simple Quantum Mechanical (Bohr) model of atomic structure? ...
File - Chemistry 11 Enriched
File - Chemistry 11 Enriched

... understand the location of electrons, we must now look at the atom in three dimensions rather than the planetary early model of the atom. The orbitals are not two dimensional tracks like railroads circling an atom, but are rather areas of three dimensional space where we expect to find the electron. ...
Chemistry 2000 Review: quantum mechanics of
Chemistry 2000 Review: quantum mechanics of

... This equation was know to belong to a special class known as an eigenvector equation: an operator acts on a function (ψ) and generates a scalar times the same function Ψ is known as the wavefunction of the electron: there are an infinite number of such wavefunctions, each of which is characterized b ...
Chem 150 Problem Set Introductory Quantum Chemistry 1
Chem 150 Problem Set Introductory Quantum Chemistry 1

... a) What are valence electrons? b) What are unpaired electrons? c) How many valence electrons does a P atom possess and how many of them are unpaired? ...
Bohr Model, Quantum Mechanical Model
Bohr Model, Quantum Mechanical Model

... 2. He explained that each line corresponded to a circular, fixed energy orbit around the nucleus. ...
Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals
Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals

... The position and energies of electrons in atoms can be described by atomic orbitals ...
Lecture 6 - TCD Chemistry
Lecture 6 - TCD Chemistry

... Orbitals with π character can interact with the t2g d orbitals – Must be correct symmetry (t2g) 3 arrangements possible ...
3-D Shape of Molecule
3-D Shape of Molecule

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Molecular orbital



In chemistry, a molecular orbital (or MO) is a mathematical function describing the wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule. This function can be used to calculate chemical and physical properties such as the probability of finding an electron in any specific region. The term orbital was introduced by Robert S. Mulliken in 1932 as an abbreviation for one-electron orbital wave function. At an elementary level, it is used to describe the region of space in which the function has a significant amplitude. Molecular orbitals are usually constructed by combining atomic orbitals or hybrid orbitals from each atom of the molecule, or other molecular orbitals from groups of atoms. They can be quantitatively calculated using the Hartree–Fock or self-consistent field (SCF) methods.
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