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Chemistry Standards Review
Chemistry Standards Review

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1 Chemistry 201 Name Assignment 2 1. Consider the following

... If 24.3 g of Al2S3 were reacted with an excess of H2O, then: a) What is the theoretical yield of Al(OH)3? b) What is the theoretical yield of H2S? 2. What mass of O2 is required for the complete combustion of 6.19 g of propane (C3H8) to produce CO2 and H2O? 3. An excess of O2 reacted with 3.40 g of ...
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... VII (16 points) (1)Calculate the following partition function of 1mole N2 at 25℃ and 100 kPa. For N2, the moment of inertia I=1.394 10 frequency v = 7.705 10 –13 s –1 (a) translational partition function qt; (b) rotational partition function qr; (c) vibrational partition function qv. ...
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< 1 ... 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 ... 281 >

Transition state theory



Transition state theory (TST) explains the reaction rates of elementary chemical reactions. The theory assumes a special type of chemical equilibrium (quasi-equilibrium) between reactants and activated transition state complexes.TST is used primarily to understand qualitatively how chemical reactions take place. TST has been less successful in its original goal of calculating absolute reaction rate constants because the calculation of absolute reaction rates requires precise knowledge of potential energy surfaces, but it has been successful in calculating the standard enthalpy of activation (Δ‡Hɵ), the standard entropy of activation (Δ‡Sɵ), and the standard Gibbs energy of activation (Δ‡Gɵ) for a particular reaction if its rate constant has been experimentally determined. (The ‡ notation refers to the value of interest at the transition state.)This theory was developed simultaneously in 1935 by Henry Eyring, then at Princeton University, and by Meredith Gwynne Evans and Michael Polanyi of the University of Manchester. TST is also referred to as ""activated-complex theory,"" ""absolute-rate theory,"" and ""theory of absolute reaction rates.""Before the development of TST, the Arrhenius rate law was widely used to determine energies for the reaction barrier. The Arrhenius equation derives from empirical observations and ignores any mechanistic considerations, such as whether one or more reactive intermediates are involved in the conversion of a reactant to a product. Therefore, further development was necessary to understand the two parameters associated with this law, the pre-exponential factor (A) and the activation energy (Ea). TST, which led to the Eyring equation, successfully addresses these two issues; however, 46 years elapsed between the publication of the Arrhenius rate law, in 1889, and the Eyring equation derived from TST, in 1935. During that period, many scientists and researchers contributed significantly to the development of the theory.
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