Identification of neural circuits involved in female genital responses
... doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00864.2005.—The spinal and peripheral innervation of the clitoris and vagina are fairly well understood. However, little is known regarding supraspinal control of these pelvic structures. The multisynaptic tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV) was used to map the brain neurons that inn ...
... doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00864.2005.—The spinal and peripheral innervation of the clitoris and vagina are fairly well understood. However, little is known regarding supraspinal control of these pelvic structures. The multisynaptic tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV) was used to map the brain neurons that inn ...
Time-delay-induced phase-transition to synchrony in coupled
... to have significant effects in the ensemble activity of neurons. Thus, in modeling studies of neurons and networks, the influence of time delays on the ensemble activity has received a great deal of attention recently.4–16 In networks of coupled neurons, time delays have been shown to affect not onl ...
... to have significant effects in the ensemble activity of neurons. Thus, in modeling studies of neurons and networks, the influence of time delays on the ensemble activity has received a great deal of attention recently.4–16 In networks of coupled neurons, time delays have been shown to affect not onl ...
Mechanisms for Sensing Fat in Food in the Mouth
... texture of fat in the mouth. The cells receive their inputs via sensors in the mouth that are connected to neural pathways to the brain, and the information reaches the orbitofrontal cortex (which is secondary taste cortex) via the primary taste cortex in the insula (Verhagen and others 2004; Rolls ...
... texture of fat in the mouth. The cells receive their inputs via sensors in the mouth that are connected to neural pathways to the brain, and the information reaches the orbitofrontal cortex (which is secondary taste cortex) via the primary taste cortex in the insula (Verhagen and others 2004; Rolls ...
Structural Changes in AMPA-Receptive Neurons in the Nucleus of
... between the 2 strains. We measured blood pressure in 5-week-old SHR and WKY and then examined their GluR1 puncta density in the NTS. The 5-week-old SHR were not hypertensive (Figure 2A), and they did not have a greater number of GluR1-labeled puncta compared with age-matched WKY (Figure 2C). These r ...
... between the 2 strains. We measured blood pressure in 5-week-old SHR and WKY and then examined their GluR1 puncta density in the NTS. The 5-week-old SHR were not hypertensive (Figure 2A), and they did not have a greater number of GluR1-labeled puncta compared with age-matched WKY (Figure 2C). These r ...
Alcoholism - Boston University Medical Campus
... to rewards includes the mesolimbic pathway linking the ventral tegmentum with the nucleus accumbens and the pallidum; these regions are especially important for modulating the effectiveness of reinforcement, both positive (reward) and negative (punishment) (Blum et al., 2000). The limbic aspects of ...
... to rewards includes the mesolimbic pathway linking the ventral tegmentum with the nucleus accumbens and the pallidum; these regions are especially important for modulating the effectiveness of reinforcement, both positive (reward) and negative (punishment) (Blum et al., 2000). The limbic aspects of ...
Slide 7.45b
... Longevity: with nutrition, can live as long as you do Amitotic: unable to reproduce themselves (so cannot be replaced) ...
... Longevity: with nutrition, can live as long as you do Amitotic: unable to reproduce themselves (so cannot be replaced) ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 19.1 Evidence of synapse elimination
... boutons (arrows) at birth and on adult ganglion cells), and the number of preganglionic axons innervating each ganglion cell, identified by electrophysiological measurements, decreases (see the number of electrophysiological steps (arrow), each representing an input, at early postnatal life and in a ...
... boutons (arrows) at birth and on adult ganglion cells), and the number of preganglionic axons innervating each ganglion cell, identified by electrophysiological measurements, decreases (see the number of electrophysiological steps (arrow), each representing an input, at early postnatal life and in a ...
Dendrites as separate compartment – local protein synthesis
... assume that local protein synthesis in subsynaptic region of dendrites is possible. A discovery that high frequency, tetanic stimulation causes a long-term change in the efficacy of stimulated synapses led to an extensive research on the molecular basis of that phenomenon. Long term potentiation (LT ...
... assume that local protein synthesis in subsynaptic region of dendrites is possible. A discovery that high frequency, tetanic stimulation causes a long-term change in the efficacy of stimulated synapses led to an extensive research on the molecular basis of that phenomenon. Long term potentiation (LT ...
Branching Thalamic Afferents Link Action and Perception
... know that the incoming messages pass along both branches. It is possible that not every incoming impulse passes along both branches, and the postsynaptic action may well differ at the two terminal sites, depending on the nature of the receptors and on other local factors (e.g., Markham et al. 1998). ...
... know that the incoming messages pass along both branches. It is possible that not every incoming impulse passes along both branches, and the postsynaptic action may well differ at the two terminal sites, depending on the nature of the receptors and on other local factors (e.g., Markham et al. 1998). ...
CHAPTER TWO
... input and outputs, the number of layers, the number of elements per layer, the connections between the layers, the summation, transfer, and training functions, and even the initial weights themselves. Those changes required to create a successful network constitute a process wherein the "art" of neu ...
... input and outputs, the number of layers, the number of elements per layer, the connections between the layers, the summation, transfer, and training functions, and even the initial weights themselves. Those changes required to create a successful network constitute a process wherein the "art" of neu ...
BioCapture™ : Acquiring EEG data Quick Notes
... ion channels and pumps within the cells create an “all-or-none” electrochemical pulse called an action potential. This pulse, which travels rapidly along the cell’s body, activates synaptic connections of other brain cells. As a result, the signal display reveals a network of brain cells working tog ...
... ion channels and pumps within the cells create an “all-or-none” electrochemical pulse called an action potential. This pulse, which travels rapidly along the cell’s body, activates synaptic connections of other brain cells. As a result, the signal display reveals a network of brain cells working tog ...
The Representation of Biological Classes in the Human Brain
... subject by calculating the correlation distance (i.e., 1 ⫺ their Pearson coil. Viewed images subtended ⬃10° of visual angle. correlation) between all pairs of species-specific  patterns—resulting in Procedure. The stimuli were presented to subjects using a slow eventa 6 ⫻ 6 symmetrical DM. We chose ...
... subject by calculating the correlation distance (i.e., 1 ⫺ their Pearson coil. Viewed images subtended ⬃10° of visual angle. correlation) between all pairs of species-specific  patterns—resulting in Procedure. The stimuli were presented to subjects using a slow eventa 6 ⫻ 6 symmetrical DM. We chose ...
Detectable - NeuroScience Associates
... Most of the subpopulations of the brain are not seen in this section, as they are located more medial or lateral. It is impossible to see all regions of the brain in any one section. ...
... Most of the subpopulations of the brain are not seen in this section, as they are located more medial or lateral. It is impossible to see all regions of the brain in any one section. ...
Oscillatory Neural Fields for Globally Optimal Path Planning
... with respect to the supremum norm. A slight modification of this model is currently under investigation in which the neuron's dynamics directly realize the iteration of equation 6 with respect to more general path metrics. This analog network is based on an SIMD approach originally proposed in (Lemm ...
... with respect to the supremum norm. A slight modification of this model is currently under investigation in which the neuron's dynamics directly realize the iteration of equation 6 with respect to more general path metrics. This analog network is based on an SIMD approach originally proposed in (Lemm ...
State of the art
... some insight into how animals use this response to their own benefit or for the benefit of the species. As an example of allostasis, in spring, a sudden snowstorm causes stress to birds and disrupts mating, and stress hormones are pivotal in directing the birds to suspend reproduction, to find a sou ...
... some insight into how animals use this response to their own benefit or for the benefit of the species. As an example of allostasis, in spring, a sudden snowstorm causes stress to birds and disrupts mating, and stress hormones are pivotal in directing the birds to suspend reproduction, to find a sou ...
Chapter 6 The peripheral nervous system Unit
... parts of the nervous system are the central nervous system (discussed in Chapter 5) and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, the control centre, consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the nerves that connect the central nervous system with the receptors, muscles and gland ...
... parts of the nervous system are the central nervous system (discussed in Chapter 5) and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, the control centre, consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the nerves that connect the central nervous system with the receptors, muscles and gland ...
... PFC are collectively called the reward pathway because they are activated during pleasurable experiences, such as eating, during sex, consuming drugs of abuse or when given praise. Because the same reward center in the brain is responsible for positive feelings after using drugs and after eating, ov ...
Nora Stern: Treating Persistent Pain Does Not Need to Be Painful
... Prefrontal and frontal cortex: makes sense out of the situation. Decides if the danger signal is a real threat Cingulate cortex: concentration and focus, affected by attention to pain Cerebellum: Perception of movement ...
... Prefrontal and frontal cortex: makes sense out of the situation. Decides if the danger signal is a real threat Cingulate cortex: concentration and focus, affected by attention to pain Cerebellum: Perception of movement ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... based on the insertion points of primary dendrites on the soma surface, yielded a continuous one-dimensional measure without a clustering of dendritic polarity types. Secondly, we analyzed polar and vertical distributions of dendritic length. A cluster analysis allowed the definition of 7 types of d ...
... based on the insertion points of primary dendrites on the soma surface, yielded a continuous one-dimensional measure without a clustering of dendritic polarity types. Secondly, we analyzed polar and vertical distributions of dendritic length. A cluster analysis allowed the definition of 7 types of d ...
Implications on visual apperception: energy, duration
... energetic conditions are achieved by spatiotemporal networks of dynamic mitochondrial distributions inside neurons. The generation of action potentials as well as synaptic transmission fundamentally depends on dynamic mitochondrial energetic/redox/Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm, as we ...
... energetic conditions are achieved by spatiotemporal networks of dynamic mitochondrial distributions inside neurons. The generation of action potentials as well as synaptic transmission fundamentally depends on dynamic mitochondrial energetic/redox/Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm, as we ...
Care and Problems of the Skeletal System
... Strong bones, including the vertebrae of your spine, support your upper body and head. The skeleton plays a crucial role in movement by providing a strong, stable, and mobile framework on which muscles can act. Your skeletal system also protects your internal tissues and organs from trauma. The skul ...
... Strong bones, including the vertebrae of your spine, support your upper body and head. The skeleton plays a crucial role in movement by providing a strong, stable, and mobile framework on which muscles can act. Your skeletal system also protects your internal tissues and organs from trauma. The skul ...
Chapter 15: Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems
... Strong bones, including the vertebrae of your spine, support your upper body and head. The skeleton plays a crucial role in movement by providing a strong, stable, and mobile framework on which muscles can act. Your skeletal system also protects your internal tissues and organs from trauma. The skul ...
... Strong bones, including the vertebrae of your spine, support your upper body and head. The skeleton plays a crucial role in movement by providing a strong, stable, and mobile framework on which muscles can act. Your skeletal system also protects your internal tissues and organs from trauma. The skul ...
the anatomy and neurosecretory system of the
... and illustrations made by Pallas in 1766 are still noteworthy for their accuracy and interest. In 1857 the same species was found by Kinberg, who, considering it to be a new species, named it Hermodice carunculata, by which name it is known today. Hermodice carunculata occurs on living coral reefs a ...
... and illustrations made by Pallas in 1766 are still noteworthy for their accuracy and interest. In 1857 the same species was found by Kinberg, who, considering it to be a new species, named it Hermodice carunculata, by which name it is known today. Hermodice carunculata occurs on living coral reefs a ...
Structural and functional brain network correlates of depressive
... et al., 2014]. It is characterized by cognitive, motor and neuropsychiatric impairment. Depression can precede the onset of motor symptoms by many years [Tabrizi et al., 2009] and has a significant impact on morbidity [Beglinger et al., 2010] with a lifetime prevalence of 20% in the pre-symptomatic ...
... et al., 2014]. It is characterized by cognitive, motor and neuropsychiatric impairment. Depression can precede the onset of motor symptoms by many years [Tabrizi et al., 2009] and has a significant impact on morbidity [Beglinger et al., 2010] with a lifetime prevalence of 20% in the pre-symptomatic ...