Anaerobic Respiration
... Fermentation: Anaerobic Respiration Without O2 all that is left is NADH, Pyruvate, and Glucose with nowhere to go. ...
... Fermentation: Anaerobic Respiration Without O2 all that is left is NADH, Pyruvate, and Glucose with nowhere to go. ...
Document
... • Another prochiral molecule—enzyme makes L-malate exclusively • Hydration reaction sets up another oxidation ...
... • Another prochiral molecule—enzyme makes L-malate exclusively • Hydration reaction sets up another oxidation ...
Chapter 9: The Need for Energy
... 3. Second step of photosynthesis that uses ATP and electrons from the light reaction and carbon dioxide from the air to make glucose ...
... 3. Second step of photosynthesis that uses ATP and electrons from the light reaction and carbon dioxide from the air to make glucose ...
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and Cytochrome chain
... Occurs in and involves the enzymes in the matrix of the mitochondria. Acetyl Co A then enters the Krebs citric acid cycle (stage 2) ( tri-carboxylic acid cycle, TCA), where a series of compounds beginning with citric acid (C6) undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to produce C5 and C4 compounds. The p ...
... Occurs in and involves the enzymes in the matrix of the mitochondria. Acetyl Co A then enters the Krebs citric acid cycle (stage 2) ( tri-carboxylic acid cycle, TCA), where a series of compounds beginning with citric acid (C6) undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to produce C5 and C4 compounds. The p ...
Chapter 9: The Need for Energy
... Second step of photosynthesis that uses ATP and electrons from the light reaction and carbon dioxide from the air to make glucose ...
... Second step of photosynthesis that uses ATP and electrons from the light reaction and carbon dioxide from the air to make glucose ...
Overview of Aerobic Respiration
... inner and outer membranes. SO A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT- across inner membrane. **an electrical gradient is made too, since protons have a positive chargeee 4)the concentration and electrical gradient of protons drives the ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis(same thing from photosynthesis) sooo as protons ...
... inner and outer membranes. SO A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT- across inner membrane. **an electrical gradient is made too, since protons have a positive chargeee 4)the concentration and electrical gradient of protons drives the ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis(same thing from photosynthesis) sooo as protons ...
Updated Power Point
... If DG is positive, addition of energy (work) is required for the reaction to proceed. ENDERGONIC If DG is zero, the system is in equilibrium. ...
... If DG is positive, addition of energy (work) is required for the reaction to proceed. ENDERGONIC If DG is zero, the system is in equilibrium. ...
Chapter 9: How do cells harvest energy?
... 3. released energy is stored in a net yield of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules 4. occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions (no O 2 required) 5. actually a series of ten reactions, each catalyzed by a different enzyme; broken into two phases (energy investment and energy capture) 6. first phase ...
... 3. released energy is stored in a net yield of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules 4. occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions (no O 2 required) 5. actually a series of ten reactions, each catalyzed by a different enzyme; broken into two phases (energy investment and energy capture) 6. first phase ...
Cellular Respiration - Cathkin High School
... The electron transport chain is a collection of proteins attached to the folded inner membranes of the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 release the high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they pass along the chain, releasing energy. The energy is used to pump H ions across the ...
... The electron transport chain is a collection of proteins attached to the folded inner membranes of the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 release the high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they pass along the chain, releasing energy. The energy is used to pump H ions across the ...
Name
... Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. _____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP? a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. b. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy. c. ATP provides energy for ...
... Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. _____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP? a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. b. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy. c. ATP provides energy for ...
7 - Anaerobic Respiration
... until after exercise finishes, or if exercise intensity drops significantly (as high levels of O2 availability are required for aerobic respiration) – fatigue occurs. •If exercise continues after the depletion of the PCr stores then other energy systems must be used to resynthesise ATP. •Only 1 ATP ...
... until after exercise finishes, or if exercise intensity drops significantly (as high levels of O2 availability are required for aerobic respiration) – fatigue occurs. •If exercise continues after the depletion of the PCr stores then other energy systems must be used to resynthesise ATP. •Only 1 ATP ...
CO 2 - cloudfront.net
... • Normally the electron transport chain is tightly coupled to ATP levels so if we have too much ATP then the complex making the ATP stops working. Since the only way for the H+ ions to get back across the membranes fast enough is via the ATPase making ATP then the gradient of H+ ions builds up and t ...
... • Normally the electron transport chain is tightly coupled to ATP levels so if we have too much ATP then the complex making the ATP stops working. Since the only way for the H+ ions to get back across the membranes fast enough is via the ATPase making ATP then the gradient of H+ ions builds up and t ...
PowerPoint
... and pumps them into intermembrane space This sets up concentration gradient H+ moves down gradient through ATP synthase Movement forms ATP from ADP & P (32 net gain) Ends with electrons passed to O2, combines with H+ to form H2O ...
... and pumps them into intermembrane space This sets up concentration gradient H+ moves down gradient through ATP synthase Movement forms ATP from ADP & P (32 net gain) Ends with electrons passed to O2, combines with H+ to form H2O ...
(DOCX, Unknown)
... 24. The ATP produced during fermentation is generated by which of the following? A. the electron transport chain B. substrate level phophorylation C. the Krebs cycle D. chemiosmosis E. the citric acid cycle 25. In addition to ATP, what is produced during glycolysis? A. pyruvate and NADH B. CO2 and H ...
... 24. The ATP produced during fermentation is generated by which of the following? A. the electron transport chain B. substrate level phophorylation C. the Krebs cycle D. chemiosmosis E. the citric acid cycle 25. In addition to ATP, what is produced during glycolysis? A. pyruvate and NADH B. CO2 and H ...
Week III Lecture I slides
... Happens in the cytosol / cytoplasm • Happens in 9 steps • No OXYGEN REQUIRED • Phase 1: Energy Investment Phase (steps 1‐4) ...
... Happens in the cytosol / cytoplasm • Happens in 9 steps • No OXYGEN REQUIRED • Phase 1: Energy Investment Phase (steps 1‐4) ...
MITOCHONDRIA
... 1953 along with Fritz Albert Lipmann who discovered the importance of coenzyme-A. An 8-step process with each step catalyzed by a specific enzyme. It is a cycle because the product of step 8 is the reactant in step 1 (oxaloacetate). ...
... 1953 along with Fritz Albert Lipmann who discovered the importance of coenzyme-A. An 8-step process with each step catalyzed by a specific enzyme. It is a cycle because the product of step 8 is the reactant in step 1 (oxaloacetate). ...
Biology 123 SI- Dr. Raut`s Class Session 11
... Biology 123 SI- Dr. Raut’s Class Session 11- 02/23/2015 1. Why is the amount of ATP formed so variable? (Several answers. List them all) Pyruvate actually requires active transport to get into the mitochondria which means it uses some ATP. NADH that is produced in glycolysis cannot cross the mitocho ...
... Biology 123 SI- Dr. Raut’s Class Session 11- 02/23/2015 1. Why is the amount of ATP formed so variable? (Several answers. List them all) Pyruvate actually requires active transport to get into the mitochondria which means it uses some ATP. NADH that is produced in glycolysis cannot cross the mitocho ...
Solution
... provide answers to the questions in the space provided. There should be 8 total pages containing 7 questions spread out over 6 pages. The first page is this coversheet, and the last page is left intentionally blank. Please put you name and SID on the pages of the exam you wish receive credit for. We ...
... provide answers to the questions in the space provided. There should be 8 total pages containing 7 questions spread out over 6 pages. The first page is this coversheet, and the last page is left intentionally blank. Please put you name and SID on the pages of the exam you wish receive credit for. We ...
Unit 1: Biology Review
... some is kept in the body for blood pH (carbon dioxide) and hydrolysis reactions (water). - The most important product of respiration is the production of ATP (stored chemical potential energy). - Cell respiration occurs in your mitochondria (remember). - There are actually three stages to respiratio ...
... some is kept in the body for blood pH (carbon dioxide) and hydrolysis reactions (water). - The most important product of respiration is the production of ATP (stored chemical potential energy). - Cell respiration occurs in your mitochondria (remember). - There are actually three stages to respiratio ...
1. The graph shows the relative levels of Cdk1 and cyclin B
... B) AMP AMP is a positive allosteric effector that can switch phosphorylase b into the active R state. Ser-PO4 2– seems to take over this role in phosphorylase a. The AMP/ATP balance reflects the cells energy status, and if [AMP] levels rise, glycogen breakdown is urgently needed to resupply the glyc ...
... B) AMP AMP is a positive allosteric effector that can switch phosphorylase b into the active R state. Ser-PO4 2– seems to take over this role in phosphorylase a. The AMP/ATP balance reflects the cells energy status, and if [AMP] levels rise, glycogen breakdown is urgently needed to resupply the glyc ...
cellular respiration
... During fermentation by yeast, pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and ethanol (an alcohol). The amounts of ethanol and carbon dioxide produced vary with different yeasts and different environmental conditions. In wine-making, grapes are crushed to release the juice which contains sugars. Yeast ...
... During fermentation by yeast, pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and ethanol (an alcohol). The amounts of ethanol and carbon dioxide produced vary with different yeasts and different environmental conditions. In wine-making, grapes are crushed to release the juice which contains sugars. Yeast ...
Chapter 7- Energy
... – Results in 2 ATPs being produced. – Glycolysis transparency- figure 7-17 pg. 149. ...
... – Results in 2 ATPs being produced. – Glycolysis transparency- figure 7-17 pg. 149. ...
Biology Review Test
... 12. What are the components of a nucleotide? a. five-carbon sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous base b. six-carbon sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous base c. five-carbon sugar, phosphate groups, and hydrogenous base d. six-carbon sugar, phosphate groups, and hydrogenous base ...
... 12. What are the components of a nucleotide? a. five-carbon sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous base b. six-carbon sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous base c. five-carbon sugar, phosphate groups, and hydrogenous base d. six-carbon sugar, phosphate groups, and hydrogenous base ...
Option C - IBperiod5
... C 4.1 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast as seen in electron micrographs C4.2 State that photosynthesis consists of light-dependent and light-independent reactions [ These should not be called light and dark reactions] C4.3 Explain the light-dependent reactions. [ Includ ...
... C 4.1 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast as seen in electron micrographs C4.2 State that photosynthesis consists of light-dependent and light-independent reactions [ These should not be called light and dark reactions] C4.3 Explain the light-dependent reactions. [ Includ ...
Photosynthesis
... chlorophyll pigments are greatly reduced revealing the other pigments • Carotenoids are pigments that are either red, orange, or yellow ...
... chlorophyll pigments are greatly reduced revealing the other pigments • Carotenoids are pigments that are either red, orange, or yellow ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.