Chapter 3 Bioenergetics
... membrane of an mitochondrion. You measure the pH of the mitochondrial matric and find it to be 8.0. You measure the bathing solution and find its pH to be 7.0. You clamp the inner membrane potential at +59 mV, i.e. you force the matrix to be 59 mV positive with respect to the bathing solution. Under ...
... membrane of an mitochondrion. You measure the pH of the mitochondrial matric and find it to be 8.0. You measure the bathing solution and find its pH to be 7.0. You clamp the inner membrane potential at +59 mV, i.e. you force the matrix to be 59 mV positive with respect to the bathing solution. Under ...
Cellular Respiration
... Small amounts of energy are released in each step Electrons eventually reach Oxygen (remember Oxygen is one of the most electronegative elements!) ...
... Small amounts of energy are released in each step Electrons eventually reach Oxygen (remember Oxygen is one of the most electronegative elements!) ...
SBI4U: Unit 2 Review, Metabolic Processes SAMPLE TEST
... 3. Explain exergonic and endergonic reactions using a potential energy diagram. How do enzymes change the diagrams? 4. What are the three specific goals of aerobic cellular respiration? 5. What are the four main stages of aerobic cellular respiration? 6. Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphor ...
... 3. Explain exergonic and endergonic reactions using a potential energy diagram. How do enzymes change the diagrams? 4. What are the three specific goals of aerobic cellular respiration? 5. What are the four main stages of aerobic cellular respiration? 6. Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphor ...
Cellular Respiration
... the same way under both aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions Splits apart a single glucose molecule (6 carbon) into two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon). 2 ATP are yielded. Occurs in cytoplasm Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted by fermentation to lactic acid ...
... the same way under both aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions Splits apart a single glucose molecule (6 carbon) into two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon). 2 ATP are yielded. Occurs in cytoplasm Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted by fermentation to lactic acid ...
Nerve activates contraction
... synthesis via the proton gradient and ATP synthase. This occurs primarily in the presence of oxygen. Chemiosmosisthe phosphorylation of ADP to ATP occurring when protons that are following a concentration gradient contact ATP synthase. ...
... synthesis via the proton gradient and ATP synthase. This occurs primarily in the presence of oxygen. Chemiosmosisthe phosphorylation of ADP to ATP occurring when protons that are following a concentration gradient contact ATP synthase. ...
Sample exam 1
... 6. The pyrrole rings of heme each contain nitrogen atoms. What molecule provides that nitrogen during the synthesis of heme in liver cells? a. Carbamoyl phosphate. b. Cobalamin. c. Glycine. d. Succinyl CoA. e. Valine. 7. Which of the following statements is true? a. Glucose can cross the lipid bila ...
... 6. The pyrrole rings of heme each contain nitrogen atoms. What molecule provides that nitrogen during the synthesis of heme in liver cells? a. Carbamoyl phosphate. b. Cobalamin. c. Glycine. d. Succinyl CoA. e. Valine. 7. Which of the following statements is true? a. Glucose can cross the lipid bila ...
Cellular Respiration Activity 9 1. The summary formula for cellular
... NADH produced in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle cannot be oxidized to NAD. When no NAD is available, pyruvate cannot be converted to the acetyl CoA that is required for the Krebs cycle. 6. Many organisms can withstand periods of oxygen debt (anaerobic conditions). Yeast undergoing oxygen debt conv ...
... NADH produced in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle cannot be oxidized to NAD. When no NAD is available, pyruvate cannot be converted to the acetyl CoA that is required for the Krebs cycle. 6. Many organisms can withstand periods of oxygen debt (anaerobic conditions). Yeast undergoing oxygen debt conv ...
doc 3.5.2 respiration notes Student notes for section 3.5.2
... pyruvate each of which has ……… carbon atoms. Glycolysis uses two molecules of ATP and produces four giving a net gain of ………… molecules of ATP for each glucose molecule. Glycolysis also produces two molecules of NADH (reduced NAD) which can go on to produce more ATP in oxidative phosphorylation. LIN ...
... pyruvate each of which has ……… carbon atoms. Glycolysis uses two molecules of ATP and produces four giving a net gain of ………… molecules of ATP for each glucose molecule. Glycolysis also produces two molecules of NADH (reduced NAD) which can go on to produce more ATP in oxidative phosphorylation. LIN ...
Biochemistry 2000 Sample Questions 5 Transport, Carbohydrates, Metabolism
... (a) The Ca2+-ATPase pumps Ca2+ out of the cytosol as ATP is hydrolysed. (b) The (H+-K+)-ATPase of the gastric pumps protons out of the cell. Each proton is accompanied by the transport of a K+ into the cell. (c) Subsequently to the action of the describe (H+-K+)-ATPase, the K+ is again transported o ...
... (a) The Ca2+-ATPase pumps Ca2+ out of the cytosol as ATP is hydrolysed. (b) The (H+-K+)-ATPase of the gastric pumps protons out of the cell. Each proton is accompanied by the transport of a K+ into the cell. (c) Subsequently to the action of the describe (H+-K+)-ATPase, the K+ is again transported o ...
Cellular Respiration and Combustion
... sugars into ATP WITHOUT oxygen. Fermentation is also called anaerobic cellular respiration C6H12O6 → CO2 + C2H6O + 2ATP Balance the equation now. ...
... sugars into ATP WITHOUT oxygen. Fermentation is also called anaerobic cellular respiration C6H12O6 → CO2 + C2H6O + 2ATP Balance the equation now. ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Repeatedly accept and release electrons and hydrogen to facilitate the transfer of redox energy • Most carriers are coenzymes: NAD, FAD, NADP, coenzyme A and compounds of the respiratory chain ...
... • Repeatedly accept and release electrons and hydrogen to facilitate the transfer of redox energy • Most carriers are coenzymes: NAD, FAD, NADP, coenzyme A and compounds of the respiratory chain ...
PART IV Metabolism Introduction to Metabolism
... Consumption of ATP 1. Early stages of nutrient breakdown, e.g. glycolysis (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase) 2. Interconversion of nucleoside triphosphates, i.e. ATP + NDP -> ADP + NTP (nucleoside diphosphate kinase) 3. Many different physiological processes, e.g. protein ...
... Consumption of ATP 1. Early stages of nutrient breakdown, e.g. glycolysis (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase) 2. Interconversion of nucleoside triphosphates, i.e. ATP + NDP -> ADP + NTP (nucleoside diphosphate kinase) 3. Many different physiological processes, e.g. protein ...
Chapter 7 Notes
... any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount of energy released is measure in calories or kilocalories The more energy a type of food can release the more calories it has ...
... any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount of energy released is measure in calories or kilocalories The more energy a type of food can release the more calories it has ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Green Local Schools
... 6CO2+6H2O+ energy(ATP) The complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds Heterotrophs – Organisms that obtain energy from eating autotrophs or other heterotrophs ...
... 6CO2+6H2O+ energy(ATP) The complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds Heterotrophs – Organisms that obtain energy from eating autotrophs or other heterotrophs ...
Chapter 8 - University of South Alabama
... 1. In Luft’s syndrome, the mitochondria are active in oxygen consumption, but with little ATP formation to show for it. 2. In Friedreich’s ataxia, too much iron in the mitochondria causes an accumulation of free radicals that attack valuable molecules of life. B. Proper or imprope ...
... 1. In Luft’s syndrome, the mitochondria are active in oxygen consumption, but with little ATP formation to show for it. 2. In Friedreich’s ataxia, too much iron in the mitochondria causes an accumulation of free radicals that attack valuable molecules of life. B. Proper or imprope ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration part 1
... 21. How many ATP are formed from one glucose molecule? 22. How many “net” ATP are formed in glycolysis (hint: some are used in the first part)? 23. Where do the NADH carry their extra electrons to (look back at the overview diagram)? 24. How many carbons are in each of the final pyruvate molecules? ...
... 21. How many ATP are formed from one glucose molecule? 22. How many “net” ATP are formed in glycolysis (hint: some are used in the first part)? 23. Where do the NADH carry their extra electrons to (look back at the overview diagram)? 24. How many carbons are in each of the final pyruvate molecules? ...
File - Hope Christian College Parent and Student Portal
... Energy – Cells need energy to do work and to catalyse reactions •Energy is also needed for growth, cell division, movement and to get rid of waste products. •Energy comes in different forms but cells use chemical energy. •Chemical energy is stored in bonds or the connections that join the atoms to m ...
... Energy – Cells need energy to do work and to catalyse reactions •Energy is also needed for growth, cell division, movement and to get rid of waste products. •Energy comes in different forms but cells use chemical energy. •Chemical energy is stored in bonds or the connections that join the atoms to m ...
Chapter 5 Notes:
... mitochondrion where a transition reaction occurs that serves to prepare pyruvic acid for entry into the next stage of respiration, this converts them an acetyl CoA which enters the Kreb's cycle. If oxygen is not present, the pyruvate(pyruvic acid) is converted to lactic acid in the cytoplasm of anim ...
... mitochondrion where a transition reaction occurs that serves to prepare pyruvic acid for entry into the next stage of respiration, this converts them an acetyl CoA which enters the Kreb's cycle. If oxygen is not present, the pyruvate(pyruvic acid) is converted to lactic acid in the cytoplasm of anim ...
Cellular Respiration Guided Reading Notes Section 7
... 29. What is the mitochondrial matrix & what product of glycolysis diffuses into this matrix? 30. What is found inside the mitochondrial matrix to help catalyze the reactions of the Krebs cycle? 31. What is acetyl-CoA & to what does it combine? 32. Define Krebs cycle. 33. The first acid produced in t ...
... 29. What is the mitochondrial matrix & what product of glycolysis diffuses into this matrix? 30. What is found inside the mitochondrial matrix to help catalyze the reactions of the Krebs cycle? 31. What is acetyl-CoA & to what does it combine? 32. Define Krebs cycle. 33. The first acid produced in t ...
Cellular respiration - how cells make energy Oxygen is needed for
... At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the cell. Oxygen is what ultimately pulls on these electrons and powers the chain. If all the energy were released at once, it would be explosive. NADH is recycled. So how do we actually go from sugar to ATP? Three main steps ...
... At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the cell. Oxygen is what ultimately pulls on these electrons and powers the chain. If all the energy were released at once, it would be explosive. NADH is recycled. So how do we actually go from sugar to ATP? Three main steps ...
Fermentation - Peoria Public Schools
... Most organisms undergo cellular respiration to produce energy. However when there is an absence of oxygen, an organism will go through a process called fermentation. ...
... Most organisms undergo cellular respiration to produce energy. However when there is an absence of oxygen, an organism will go through a process called fermentation. ...
CELLULAR ENERGY – CH. 8 • All cellular activities require energy
... triphosphate = 3 phosphate groups (PO43-) Remember PO43is a charged ion. Since each PO43- ion is negative and like charges repel each other, it takes a lot of energy to put the 3 PO43- groups together. ...
... triphosphate = 3 phosphate groups (PO43-) Remember PO43is a charged ion. Since each PO43- ion is negative and like charges repel each other, it takes a lot of energy to put the 3 PO43- groups together. ...
Respiration - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... • ETC energy is used to move H+ (protons) across the cristae membrane. • ATP is generated as the H+ diffuse back into the matrix through ATP Synthase ...
... • ETC energy is used to move H+ (protons) across the cristae membrane. • ATP is generated as the H+ diffuse back into the matrix through ATP Synthase ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.