Substrate and oxidative phosphorylation
... primarily and firstly in the cytoplasm (in glycolysis) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. ...
... primarily and firstly in the cytoplasm (in glycolysis) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Krebs Cycle (a.k.a. Citric Acid Cycle) The pyruvic acid made during glycolysis is converted into citric acid The citric acid enters the Krebs cycle and is converted into carbon dioxide (a waste product), ATP, NADH, and FADH2 The NADH and FADH2 can now enter the electron transport chain These re ...
... Krebs Cycle (a.k.a. Citric Acid Cycle) The pyruvic acid made during glycolysis is converted into citric acid The citric acid enters the Krebs cycle and is converted into carbon dioxide (a waste product), ATP, NADH, and FADH2 The NADH and FADH2 can now enter the electron transport chain These re ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Krebs Cycle (a.k.a. Citric Acid Cycle) The pyruvic acid made during glycolysis is converted into citric acid The citric acid enters the Krebs cycle and is converted into carbon dioxide (a waste product), ATP, NADH, and FADH2 The NADH and FADH2 can now enter the electron transport chain These re ...
... Krebs Cycle (a.k.a. Citric Acid Cycle) The pyruvic acid made during glycolysis is converted into citric acid The citric acid enters the Krebs cycle and is converted into carbon dioxide (a waste product), ATP, NADH, and FADH2 The NADH and FADH2 can now enter the electron transport chain These re ...
respiration_revision_animation
... 4. Is the 3C sugar oxidised or reduced to produce pyruvic acid? oxidised 5. What accepts the hydrogens and electrons from the 3C sugar? NAD 6. How many molecules of ATP are produced per glucose? 4 (but 2 are used to get it started = 2) 7. Where does glycolysis take place? ...
... 4. Is the 3C sugar oxidised or reduced to produce pyruvic acid? oxidised 5. What accepts the hydrogens and electrons from the 3C sugar? NAD 6. How many molecules of ATP are produced per glucose? 4 (but 2 are used to get it started = 2) 7. Where does glycolysis take place? ...
Bchm2000_P5 - U of L Class Index
... (11) The phosphate added to glucose in step 1 of glycolysis is removed in step 10. As a result all intermediates in glycolysis, except glucose and pyruvate, will contain radioactive phosphate. (12) Standard free energy and equilibrium constants: a. Since G°’ = -RT ln K, K = e (-G°’ / RT) , T = 298 ...
... (11) The phosphate added to glucose in step 1 of glycolysis is removed in step 10. As a result all intermediates in glycolysis, except glucose and pyruvate, will contain radioactive phosphate. (12) Standard free energy and equilibrium constants: a. Since G°’ = -RT ln K, K = e (-G°’ / RT) , T = 298 ...
Biochemistry 2000 Sample Questions 4 RNA, Lipids, Membranes 1
... (11) The phosphate added to glucose in step 1 of glycolysis is removed in step 10. As a result all intermediates in glycolysis, except glucose and pyruvate, will contain radioactive phosphate. (12) Standard free energy and equilibrium constants: a. Since ∆G°’ = -RT ln K, K = e (-∆G°’ / RT) , T = 298 ...
... (11) The phosphate added to glucose in step 1 of glycolysis is removed in step 10. As a result all intermediates in glycolysis, except glucose and pyruvate, will contain radioactive phosphate. (12) Standard free energy and equilibrium constants: a. Since ∆G°’ = -RT ln K, K = e (-∆G°’ / RT) , T = 298 ...
Cellular Energy
... 1. Glycolysis- Glucose (simple sugar) is broken down into 2 pyruvates and small amount ATP and NADH 2. Kreb’s Cycle- Pyruvate & NADH are used to make more ATP. Electrons are donated to make an even more ATP ...
... 1. Glycolysis- Glucose (simple sugar) is broken down into 2 pyruvates and small amount ATP and NADH 2. Kreb’s Cycle- Pyruvate & NADH are used to make more ATP. Electrons are donated to make an even more ATP ...
Fructose metabolism
... When blood fructose levels increase, for eg during infusion with fructose, entry into the cell ceases to be rate limiting and the rate limiting step is shifted to aldolase B, ie F-1-P is produced at a faster rate than it can be converted to DHAP and glyceraldehyde. Under these conditions, even thoug ...
... When blood fructose levels increase, for eg during infusion with fructose, entry into the cell ceases to be rate limiting and the rate limiting step is shifted to aldolase B, ie F-1-P is produced at a faster rate than it can be converted to DHAP and glyceraldehyde. Under these conditions, even thoug ...
Review Questions
... ____ 21. Where does the Calvin cycle take place? a. stroma of the chloroplast b. thylakoid membrane c. cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast d. chlorophyll molecule e. outer membrane of the chloroplast ____ 22. When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a by-product of which of the ...
... ____ 21. Where does the Calvin cycle take place? a. stroma of the chloroplast b. thylakoid membrane c. cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast d. chlorophyll molecule e. outer membrane of the chloroplast ____ 22. When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a by-product of which of the ...
Muscle cramps! - WordPress.com
... enough oxygen being delivered to the body, resulting in a build-up of lactic acid. Our body relies on glucose and oxygen to produce ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, a complex method of converting nutrients into energy, that is split into 3 steps. In glycolysis, glucose is c ...
... enough oxygen being delivered to the body, resulting in a build-up of lactic acid. Our body relies on glucose and oxygen to produce ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, a complex method of converting nutrients into energy, that is split into 3 steps. In glycolysis, glucose is c ...
The Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis
... respiration if glucose contains 686 kcal and only 277.4 kcal are produced? ...
... respiration if glucose contains 686 kcal and only 277.4 kcal are produced? ...
The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
... ATP is produced by phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including: - Metabolism, synthesis, and active transport. - Roles in cell structure and locomotion. - Cell signaling. ...
... ATP is produced by phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including: - Metabolism, synthesis, and active transport. - Roles in cell structure and locomotion. - Cell signaling. ...
Photosynthesis
... Cells can still meet their energy needs when there is no oxygen through fermentation. Glycolysis requires NAD+ since no oxygen is available. The electrons from NADH are added to pyruvate to either produce alcohol (in plants and yeast) or lactate (in animals and bacteria). That produces NAD+ from whi ...
... Cells can still meet their energy needs when there is no oxygen through fermentation. Glycolysis requires NAD+ since no oxygen is available. The electrons from NADH are added to pyruvate to either produce alcohol (in plants and yeast) or lactate (in animals and bacteria). That produces NAD+ from whi ...
complete week three vocabulary
... First Law of Thermodynamics-‐ conservation of energy; energy cannot be created nor destroyed; energy can be transferred and transformed Free Energy-‐ the portion of a biological sytsem's energy that can be ...
... First Law of Thermodynamics-‐ conservation of energy; energy cannot be created nor destroyed; energy can be transferred and transformed Free Energy-‐ the portion of a biological sytsem's energy that can be ...
Slide 1
... Myoglobin contains a heme group which contains a central iron atom, usually in the +2 oxidation state. The colour of myoglobin is determined by whatever the iron atom is bonded to: 1. if it's bonded to an O2 molecule, the myoglobin is ____________, 2. whereas in the absense of oxygen it bonds to wa ...
... Myoglobin contains a heme group which contains a central iron atom, usually in the +2 oxidation state. The colour of myoglobin is determined by whatever the iron atom is bonded to: 1. if it's bonded to an O2 molecule, the myoglobin is ____________, 2. whereas in the absense of oxygen it bonds to wa ...
The Working Cell: Energy from Food
... chain of electron carriers (ETC) releasing ATP • Oxygen comes in at the end to accept 2 low energy electrons, bond with hydrogen, and form ...
... chain of electron carriers (ETC) releasing ATP • Oxygen comes in at the end to accept 2 low energy electrons, bond with hydrogen, and form ...
Chapter 9 - web.biosci.utexas.edu
... • also called hexose monophosphate pathway • can operate at same time as glycolytic or Entner-Doudoroff pathways • can operate aerobically or anaerobically • an amphibolic pathway ...
... • also called hexose monophosphate pathway • can operate at same time as glycolytic or Entner-Doudoroff pathways • can operate aerobically or anaerobically • an amphibolic pathway ...
Transport of molecules into a bacterial cell
... reduced to NADH must get re-oxidized to NAD. – What is the greediest electron hog we know? Molecular oxygen. – In Electron transport, electrons are passed to oxygen so that these metabolic processes can continue with more glucose. – Electron carriers in membrane are reversibly reduced, then reoxidiz ...
... reduced to NADH must get re-oxidized to NAD. – What is the greediest electron hog we know? Molecular oxygen. – In Electron transport, electrons are passed to oxygen so that these metabolic processes can continue with more glucose. – Electron carriers in membrane are reversibly reduced, then reoxidiz ...
Cellular Respiration
... molecule hydrogen and electrons are removed from pyruvate donated to NAD+ to form NADH Remaining two-carbon fragment of pyruvate is joined to a cofactor called coenzyme A (CoA) Final compound called acetyl-CoA ...
... molecule hydrogen and electrons are removed from pyruvate donated to NAD+ to form NADH Remaining two-carbon fragment of pyruvate is joined to a cofactor called coenzyme A (CoA) Final compound called acetyl-CoA ...
25-1
... Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Series of oxidationreduction reactions occurring in matrix of mitochondria ...
... Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Series of oxidationreduction reactions occurring in matrix of mitochondria ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.