Cellular Metabolism
... Enzymes that control the reaction rates must also act in a specific sequence Enzymes are positioned in the exact sequence as that of the reaction ...
... Enzymes that control the reaction rates must also act in a specific sequence Enzymes are positioned in the exact sequence as that of the reaction ...
BY 330 Spring 2015Worksheet 4 Name the substrate ligand and
... (I won’t show the cycle here, but it comes straight from your notes. Make sure you include sites of energy, NADH, and FADH2 production in your drawing). NADH – 20 AcetylCoA – 0 CO2 – 20 GTP – 10 FADH2 - 0 8. Which three enzymes in the Krebs Cycle lead to the production of NADH? Isocitrate dehydrogen ...
... (I won’t show the cycle here, but it comes straight from your notes. Make sure you include sites of energy, NADH, and FADH2 production in your drawing). NADH – 20 AcetylCoA – 0 CO2 – 20 GTP – 10 FADH2 - 0 8. Which three enzymes in the Krebs Cycle lead to the production of NADH? Isocitrate dehydrogen ...
Unit Two “Energy Acquisition”
... C) Electron Transport Chain: formation of approximately 30 ATP’s that occurs in the Mitochondria in the presence of oxygen 1. NADH and FADH2 transfer high energy electrons to molecules embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane 2. Once they’ve donated electrons, NAD+ and FAD move back to Krebs Cycle 3 ...
... C) Electron Transport Chain: formation of approximately 30 ATP’s that occurs in the Mitochondria in the presence of oxygen 1. NADH and FADH2 transfer high energy electrons to molecules embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane 2. Once they’ve donated electrons, NAD+ and FAD move back to Krebs Cycle 3 ...
Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
... Partially oxidizes glucose (6C) into two pyruvic acid (pyruvate) (3C) molecules ...
... Partially oxidizes glucose (6C) into two pyruvic acid (pyruvate) (3C) molecules ...
biology 422 - TeacherWeb
... when it is broken down? 24.What happens to the CO2 produced as a by product of cellular respiration? 25.What is the role of phosphofructokinase and why is it a particularly important step? ...
... when it is broken down? 24.What happens to the CO2 produced as a by product of cellular respiration? 25.What is the role of phosphofructokinase and why is it a particularly important step? ...
Cell Respiration Take Home Test 1. When cells break down food
... b. it is the first step to breaking down glucose ...
... b. it is the first step to breaking down glucose ...
1. Diagram energy flow through the biosphere
... related to membrane function in chemiosmosis. • The existing proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane helps to power ATP synthesis • Cristae, or infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane, increase the surface area available for chemiosmosis to occur • Proton gradients across memb ...
... related to membrane function in chemiosmosis. • The existing proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane helps to power ATP synthesis • Cristae, or infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane, increase the surface area available for chemiosmosis to occur • Proton gradients across memb ...
Respiration
... electron transport chain to break the fall of electrons to O2 into several steps. ...
... electron transport chain to break the fall of electrons to O2 into several steps. ...
Substrate Level Phosphorylation Substrate level phosphorylation
... • NAD+ is the oxidizing agent in fermentation so oxygen is not involved. In fermentation, the final e- acceptor is pyruvate – Aerobic respiration’s final eacceptor is oxygen • In fermentation, the energy of pyruvate is still unavailable to the cell ...
... • NAD+ is the oxidizing agent in fermentation so oxygen is not involved. In fermentation, the final e- acceptor is pyruvate – Aerobic respiration’s final eacceptor is oxygen • In fermentation, the energy of pyruvate is still unavailable to the cell ...
use cellular respiration
... = organisms that can make ATP using either fermentation or cellular respiration Ex: yeast and many bacteria With oxygen pyruvate → Krebs cycle ...
... = organisms that can make ATP using either fermentation or cellular respiration Ex: yeast and many bacteria With oxygen pyruvate → Krebs cycle ...
Biomolecules
... Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It can typically be measured in some way and is found in one of four states (solid, liquid, gas and plasma) Energy has no mass and does not occupy space. It is the ability to do work. It comes in four forms (Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical an ...
... Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It can typically be measured in some way and is found in one of four states (solid, liquid, gas and plasma) Energy has no mass and does not occupy space. It is the ability to do work. It comes in four forms (Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical an ...
Cellular Respiration
... steps loses 2C in 2 steps and changes back to same 4C acid. First formed acid is Citric Acid and at the end 4C acid is regenerated – so the name Citric Acid Cycle. It was discovered by Hans Kreb. Overall Reaction of Citric Acid Cycle: Acety CoA (2C) + 3NAD + FAD + ADP 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + FADH2 + ATP ...
... steps loses 2C in 2 steps and changes back to same 4C acid. First formed acid is Citric Acid and at the end 4C acid is regenerated – so the name Citric Acid Cycle. It was discovered by Hans Kreb. Overall Reaction of Citric Acid Cycle: Acety CoA (2C) + 3NAD + FAD + ADP 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + FADH2 + ATP ...
cell resp
... the protein ATPsynthase E) all of the above 33. 33 Proteins and fats can be nutritional sources of energy provided that A) they are converted into glucose B) the enter their own pathways that are separate from the glucose metabolic pathways C) they are degraded completely into atoms before entering ...
... the protein ATPsynthase E) all of the above 33. 33 Proteins and fats can be nutritional sources of energy provided that A) they are converted into glucose B) the enter their own pathways that are separate from the glucose metabolic pathways C) they are degraded completely into atoms before entering ...
Slide 1
... • Whether the organism is aerobic or anaerobic, that organism will undergo glycolysis. This is always the 1st step! • Glucose is converted to pyruvate (a 3-C compound) and 2 ATP are released. • This occurs in the cytoplasm ...
... • Whether the organism is aerobic or anaerobic, that organism will undergo glycolysis. This is always the 1st step! • Glucose is converted to pyruvate (a 3-C compound) and 2 ATP are released. • This occurs in the cytoplasm ...
Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis
... QH2 cytochromes 4 protons pumped Through Q cycle Problem 10: An ironsulfur protein in Complex III donates an electron to cytochrome c. Use the half reactions below to calculate the standard free energy change. How can you account for the fact that this process is spontaneous in the cell? ...
... QH2 cytochromes 4 protons pumped Through Q cycle Problem 10: An ironsulfur protein in Complex III donates an electron to cytochrome c. Use the half reactions below to calculate the standard free energy change. How can you account for the fact that this process is spontaneous in the cell? ...
MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP
... Electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation Respiratory electron transfer is the transfer of electrons from the NADH and FADH2 (formed in glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and the citric acid cycle) to molecular oxygen, releasing energy. Oxidative phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP ...
... Electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation Respiratory electron transfer is the transfer of electrons from the NADH and FADH2 (formed in glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and the citric acid cycle) to molecular oxygen, releasing energy. Oxidative phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP ...
i. introduction to metabolism and catabolism
... (1) The phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell 2. The glucose-6-phosphate is rearranged into fructose-6-phosphate 3. Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated to fructose-1,6-diphsophate a) This step uses another ATP molecule 4. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate is split into dihydroxyacetone and 3-phosph ...
... (1) The phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell 2. The glucose-6-phosphate is rearranged into fructose-6-phosphate 3. Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated to fructose-1,6-diphsophate a) This step uses another ATP molecule 4. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate is split into dihydroxyacetone and 3-phosph ...
Metabolism part 2
... longer carrying an electron) outside the cell membrane create potential energy because there is a high positive charge on one side of membrane. • These protons are then pumped back inside the cell through the enzyme ATP Synthase. The movement of the protons through ATP Synthase powers the enzyme to ...
... longer carrying an electron) outside the cell membrane create potential energy because there is a high positive charge on one side of membrane. • These protons are then pumped back inside the cell through the enzyme ATP Synthase. The movement of the protons through ATP Synthase powers the enzyme to ...
Class22 2-9 Win17 Respiration Regulation and
... transformed into the ‘sticky’ 2-carbon Acetyl-CoA – Krebs Cycle: Acetyl-CoA feeds the Krebs cycle, which uses the oxidation of carbohydrates to form reducing power (as NADH, FADH2) – Electron Transport Chain: High-energy electrons are driven through membrane proteins that pump protons to produce a ...
... transformed into the ‘sticky’ 2-carbon Acetyl-CoA – Krebs Cycle: Acetyl-CoA feeds the Krebs cycle, which uses the oxidation of carbohydrates to form reducing power (as NADH, FADH2) – Electron Transport Chain: High-energy electrons are driven through membrane proteins that pump protons to produce a ...
Electron Transport Chain Questions
... stage. NADH then goes on to electron transport chain to generate further ATP. 10. What molecule stores the high-energy electrons (and hydrogen) removed from glucose in glycolysis? NADH 11. When fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, what type of reaction is this? Phosphoryla ...
... stage. NADH then goes on to electron transport chain to generate further ATP. 10. What molecule stores the high-energy electrons (and hydrogen) removed from glucose in glycolysis? NADH 11. When fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, what type of reaction is this? Phosphoryla ...
Cell Biology
... o If oxygen available, pyruvate fed into TCA cycle where it generates some ATP and more NADH(H+) and FADH2 are used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic coupling via ETS. Oxidized to carbon dioxide. o If there is no oxygen available or cannot be used another way to regenerat ...
... o If oxygen available, pyruvate fed into TCA cycle where it generates some ATP and more NADH(H+) and FADH2 are used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic coupling via ETS. Oxidized to carbon dioxide. o If there is no oxygen available or cannot be used another way to regenerat ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.