Chem*3560 Lecture 30: Ion pumps in the membrane
... up H+ from the “exit” half channel and releases it in the “entry” half channel, allowing 40o of rotation per H+. As a result, 3 H+ are pumped from the interior to the exterior. ...
... up H+ from the “exit” half channel and releases it in the “entry” half channel, allowing 40o of rotation per H+. As a result, 3 H+ are pumped from the interior to the exterior. ...
Properties of ATP - BioWiki
... also a hydrolysis reaction. These reactions are also called phosphoryl transfer reactions. One last note: ATP exists in cells as just one member of a pool of adenine nucleotides which consists of not only ATP, but also ADP and AMP (along with Pi). These constituents are readily interconvertible. We ...
... also a hydrolysis reaction. These reactions are also called phosphoryl transfer reactions. One last note: ATP exists in cells as just one member of a pool of adenine nucleotides which consists of not only ATP, but also ADP and AMP (along with Pi). These constituents are readily interconvertible. We ...
(C)
... and a phytol tail. What are their functions? (5%) General biochemistry. (20%) (A) Oxaloacetic acid HOOC-CO-CH2-COOHforms divalent anion in solution (oxaloacetate). It undergoes decarboxylation in one of the two carboxylate groups. Indicate the decarboxylation site by drawing the reaction mechanism. ...
... and a phytol tail. What are their functions? (5%) General biochemistry. (20%) (A) Oxaloacetic acid HOOC-CO-CH2-COOHforms divalent anion in solution (oxaloacetate). It undergoes decarboxylation in one of the two carboxylate groups. Indicate the decarboxylation site by drawing the reaction mechanism. ...
Cell Location
... There are two major parts to cellular respiration: A. Glycolysis – Means _”sugar-breaking”__. Occurs in the _cytosol__ of the cell. Glycolysis does not require _oxygen_. The splitting of glucose, or glycolysis, occurs very quickly with the aid of _enzymes_, producing two _3_ -C molecules known as _ ...
... There are two major parts to cellular respiration: A. Glycolysis – Means _”sugar-breaking”__. Occurs in the _cytosol__ of the cell. Glycolysis does not require _oxygen_. The splitting of glucose, or glycolysis, occurs very quickly with the aid of _enzymes_, producing two _3_ -C molecules known as _ ...
Review session for exam-I
... molecules of ATP are used initially (Phase I) and ____ molecules of ATP are produced (Phase II) for an overall yield of ___ molecules of ATP/glucose. The "ATP math" is: ...
... molecules of ATP are used initially (Phase I) and ____ molecules of ATP are produced (Phase II) for an overall yield of ___ molecules of ATP/glucose. The "ATP math" is: ...
Intermediary Metabolism - PBL-J-2015
... provide energy and building blocks. The energy is ‘made’ in basic terms by two steps; the oxidation of these food molecules; and the synthesis of ATP which is the most common form of energy within the body. An oxidation reaction is simply one in which electrons are lost. The creation of ATP can be d ...
... provide energy and building blocks. The energy is ‘made’ in basic terms by two steps; the oxidation of these food molecules; and the synthesis of ATP which is the most common form of energy within the body. An oxidation reaction is simply one in which electrons are lost. The creation of ATP can be d ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
... adenine dinucleotide (NADH and NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2 and FAD) that serve as electron donors and acceptors ...
... adenine dinucleotide (NADH and NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2 and FAD) that serve as electron donors and acceptors ...
Metabolism
... Pyruvate is converted to lactate Can be converted back to pyruvate when at rest, or can be converted to glucose in liver (gluconeogenesis) This can occur in muscle during strenuous exercise Citric Acid Cycle citrate ...
... Pyruvate is converted to lactate Can be converted back to pyruvate when at rest, or can be converted to glucose in liver (gluconeogenesis) This can occur in muscle during strenuous exercise Citric Acid Cycle citrate ...
Jeopardy - Montville.net
... These lipids, composed of fused ring structures, are commonly utilized by athletes. ...
... These lipids, composed of fused ring structures, are commonly utilized by athletes. ...
AP Biology Chap 9 Reading Guide Cellular Respiration
... Concept 9.4 During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis 24. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Referring to Figure 9.13, notice that each member of the electron transport chain is lower in ...
... Concept 9.4 During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis 24. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Referring to Figure 9.13, notice that each member of the electron transport chain is lower in ...
1 - contentextra
... 11 Photosystem II begins the process, allowing the formation of free oxygen, energized electrons that are de-energized through an electron transport chain to produce ATP and free hydrogens. Photosystem I then occurs with the formation of NADPH. 12 ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reaction then ...
... 11 Photosystem II begins the process, allowing the formation of free oxygen, energized electrons that are de-energized through an electron transport chain to produce ATP and free hydrogens. Photosystem I then occurs with the formation of NADPH. 12 ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reaction then ...
Ch. 6and7_Notes
... • MAIN ENGINE = Mitochondrion – The site of the majority of ATP synthesis • MAIN FUEL = Glucose – fats and proteins may also be used in some instances • MAIN EXHAUST = CO2 and H2O. ...
... • MAIN ENGINE = Mitochondrion – The site of the majority of ATP synthesis • MAIN FUEL = Glucose – fats and proteins may also be used in some instances • MAIN EXHAUST = CO2 and H2O. ...
25HYD07_Layout 1
... A) Sorghum – Kranz anatomy B) PEP carboxylase – Mesophyll cells C) Blackman – Law of limiting factors D) PS II – P700 34. The synthesis of one molecule of glucose during Calvin cycle requires A) 6 molecules of ATP and 12 molecules of NADPH2 B) 12 molecules each of ATP and NADPH2 C) 12 molecules of A ...
... A) Sorghum – Kranz anatomy B) PEP carboxylase – Mesophyll cells C) Blackman – Law of limiting factors D) PS II – P700 34. The synthesis of one molecule of glucose during Calvin cycle requires A) 6 molecules of ATP and 12 molecules of NADPH2 B) 12 molecules each of ATP and NADPH2 C) 12 molecules of A ...
St Peter the Apostle High School BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
... B Between weeks three and four the body gains most energy from protein. C Each food store decreases at a constant rate during week one. D Between weeks one and four the body only gains energy from lipid and protein. ...
... B Between weeks three and four the body gains most energy from protein. C Each food store decreases at a constant rate during week one. D Between weeks one and four the body only gains energy from lipid and protein. ...
Homework 7 - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... 23. The photoelectric effect refers to ____. a) emission of electrons from a metal when energy of a critical wavelength strikes the metal; b) absorbtion of electrons from the surrounding environment when energy of a critical wavelength is nearby; c) emission of electrons from a metal when struck by ...
... 23. The photoelectric effect refers to ____. a) emission of electrons from a metal when energy of a critical wavelength strikes the metal; b) absorbtion of electrons from the surrounding environment when energy of a critical wavelength is nearby; c) emission of electrons from a metal when struck by ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... Catabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates in 3 stages of cellular respiration Stage 1: oxidation of fatty acids, glucose, and some amino acids yields acetyl-CoA. Stage 2: oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle includes four steps in which electrons are abstracted. Stage 3: electrons ...
... Catabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates in 3 stages of cellular respiration Stage 1: oxidation of fatty acids, glucose, and some amino acids yields acetyl-CoA. Stage 2: oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle includes four steps in which electrons are abstracted. Stage 3: electrons ...
221_exam_2_2003
... In the first section of this class we discussed stromatolites which are fossilized microbial mat communities. The microbial mats consisted of layers of different prokaryotic phototrophs. Based on what you have learned about the properties of the different kinds of phototrophs in this section of the ...
... In the first section of this class we discussed stromatolites which are fossilized microbial mat communities. The microbial mats consisted of layers of different prokaryotic phototrophs. Based on what you have learned about the properties of the different kinds of phototrophs in this section of the ...
UNIT 5 NOTES – ENERGY PROCESSES METABOLISM Metabolism
... In this process a glucose molecule is split to produce 2 pyruvate molecules. The process consists of 10 steps which can be divided into two phases: o Energy investment phase – during this phase the cell actually spends energy (uses ATP) to phosphorylate and break the glucose. o Energy payoff phase – ...
... In this process a glucose molecule is split to produce 2 pyruvate molecules. The process consists of 10 steps which can be divided into two phases: o Energy investment phase – during this phase the cell actually spends energy (uses ATP) to phosphorylate and break the glucose. o Energy payoff phase – ...
GLYCOLYSIS
... • How do these gasses move in the body? • How does your breathing relate to energy use? ...
... • How do these gasses move in the body? • How does your breathing relate to energy use? ...
File
... • 1. Photosystem II- absorbs light and breaks up water • 2. Electron Transport Chain- moves high energy eand transports H+ inside the thylakoid • 3. Photosystem I uses the e- & H+ to turn NADP+ into NADPH • 4. Hydrogen Ion movement makes the outside - and ...
... • 1. Photosystem II- absorbs light and breaks up water • 2. Electron Transport Chain- moves high energy eand transports H+ inside the thylakoid • 3. Photosystem I uses the e- & H+ to turn NADP+ into NADPH • 4. Hydrogen Ion movement makes the outside - and ...
Section 4. Overview of Fuel oxidation, ATP generation: Glycolysis is
... glucose + Pi -> glucose 6-P + H2O + 3.3 kcal/mol ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi - 7.3 kcal/mol Sum: glucose + ATP -> glucose 6-P + ADP -4.0 Also Glucose -> G-1-P will be -2.35 kcal/mol overall: hydrolysis of ATP, through G-6-P to G-1-P ...
... glucose + Pi -> glucose 6-P + H2O + 3.3 kcal/mol ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi - 7.3 kcal/mol Sum: glucose + ATP -> glucose 6-P + ADP -4.0 Also Glucose -> G-1-P will be -2.35 kcal/mol overall: hydrolysis of ATP, through G-6-P to G-1-P ...
Respiration Take
... b. produce most of the ATP needed for life. c. break down glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. d. All of the above 16. Water is an end product in a. lactic acid formation. c. the Krebs cycle. b. fermentation. d. the electron transport chain. 17. ATP molecules produced during aerobic re ...
... b. produce most of the ATP needed for life. c. break down glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. d. All of the above 16. Water is an end product in a. lactic acid formation. c. the Krebs cycle. b. fermentation. d. the electron transport chain. 17. ATP molecules produced during aerobic re ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.