OCR A Level Biology B Learner resource
... The reactions take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts and form a metabolic pathway known as the Calvin Cycle. ...
... The reactions take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts and form a metabolic pathway known as the Calvin Cycle. ...
Cellular Respiration - UNT's College of Education
... Energy Yield 2 ATP and more eAcetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C Gives off a CO2 molecule NAD+ and FAD pick up the released eFAD becomes FADH2 NAD+ becomes NADH + H+ Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule ...
... Energy Yield 2 ATP and more eAcetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C Gives off a CO2 molecule NAD+ and FAD pick up the released eFAD becomes FADH2 NAD+ becomes NADH + H+ Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule ...
PG1005 Lecture 11 Glycolysis
... (carbonyl-amino group Schiff base)? • The chemical structure is such that its successive oxidation yields high energy electrons that can be harnessed to drive ATP synthesis in an energy efficient manner ...
... (carbonyl-amino group Schiff base)? • The chemical structure is such that its successive oxidation yields high energy electrons that can be harnessed to drive ATP synthesis in an energy efficient manner ...
hapch2updated2013final
... made up of monomer of amino acids;>50% organic matter in the body,contain C,H,O,and N,~ 20 amino acids,polypeptide is another word for protein (containing fewer than 50 amino acids )and peptide bonds join amino acids-made of an amine (NH2) grp and an acid(COOH) grp,differ in R-grp – Fibrous(or struc ...
... made up of monomer of amino acids;>50% organic matter in the body,contain C,H,O,and N,~ 20 amino acids,polypeptide is another word for protein (containing fewer than 50 amino acids )and peptide bonds join amino acids-made of an amine (NH2) grp and an acid(COOH) grp,differ in R-grp – Fibrous(or struc ...
Chapter 7
... Cells able to make ATP via: 1. substrate-level phosphorylation – transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase & energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
... Cells able to make ATP via: 1. substrate-level phosphorylation – transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase & energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
Fig. 5-1
... to electron carriers embedded in the cell membrane of bacteria or in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Eventually these electrons combine with the final electron acceptor, oxygen, to form water. The arrangement of the various carriers in the membrane result in the protons being pushed from the ...
... to electron carriers embedded in the cell membrane of bacteria or in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Eventually these electrons combine with the final electron acceptor, oxygen, to form water. The arrangement of the various carriers in the membrane result in the protons being pushed from the ...
AP BIOLOGY QUIZ 2
... Why is this cyclic energy flow still important in photosynthetic organisms? a. It produces the majority of ATP required by the cell. b. It produces additional ATP to fuel the Calvin cycle. c. It produces glucose, while non-cyclic energy flow produces only ATP. d. It does not require chemiosmosis, as ...
... Why is this cyclic energy flow still important in photosynthetic organisms? a. It produces the majority of ATP required by the cell. b. It produces additional ATP to fuel the Calvin cycle. c. It produces glucose, while non-cyclic energy flow produces only ATP. d. It does not require chemiosmosis, as ...
Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces 2 NAD 2 NADH (moves e ) produces 2 acetyl CoA ...
... releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces 2 NAD 2 NADH (moves e ) produces 2 acetyl CoA ...
2 - Warner Pacific College
... Has the capacity to do work (potential energy) or to put matter into motion (kinetic energy) ...
... Has the capacity to do work (potential energy) or to put matter into motion (kinetic energy) ...
chapter8powerpointle
... Join with an enzyme CoA molecule to make acetylCoA Acetyl (C2) group transferred to oxaloacetate (C2) to make citrate (C6) Each acetyl oxidized to two CO2 molecules Remaining 4 carbons from oxaloacetate converted back to oxaloacetate (thus “cyclic”) ...
... Join with an enzyme CoA molecule to make acetylCoA Acetyl (C2) group transferred to oxaloacetate (C2) to make citrate (C6) Each acetyl oxidized to two CO2 molecules Remaining 4 carbons from oxaloacetate converted back to oxaloacetate (thus “cyclic”) ...
Unit 2 Metabolism and Survival Summary
... (a) In respiration, glucose is broken down, hydrogen ions and electrons are removed by dehydrogenase enzymes and ATP is released. (b) The role of ATP is to transfer of energy and to phosphorylate molecules in respiration. (c) Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway. The breakdown of glucose to p ...
... (a) In respiration, glucose is broken down, hydrogen ions and electrons are removed by dehydrogenase enzymes and ATP is released. (b) The role of ATP is to transfer of energy and to phosphorylate molecules in respiration. (c) Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway. The breakdown of glucose to p ...
Unit 2 Metabolism and Survival Summary
... glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm is called glycolysis. The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase leading to the direct generation of more ATP in an energy pay-off stage giving a net gain of ATP. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down to an acety ...
... glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm is called glycolysis. The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase leading to the direct generation of more ATP in an energy pay-off stage giving a net gain of ATP. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down to an acety ...
VO2 Max
... glycolysis only without oxygen. Carbohydrate broken down to Pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP. To try to prevent an increase in acidity the pyruvic acid accepts the H+, forming Lactic acid. Lactic acid is thought to interefere with muscle contraction due to disrupting the binding of Calcium ...
... glycolysis only without oxygen. Carbohydrate broken down to Pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP. To try to prevent an increase in acidity the pyruvic acid accepts the H+, forming Lactic acid. Lactic acid is thought to interefere with muscle contraction due to disrupting the binding of Calcium ...
aerobic respiration
... Glucose → 2 pyruvates “Universal energy-harvesting process of life” Initial energy-releasing mechanism for all cells Occurs in cytosol ...
... Glucose → 2 pyruvates “Universal energy-harvesting process of life” Initial energy-releasing mechanism for all cells Occurs in cytosol ...
Photosynthesis- Photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR)
... • Increase CO2 at site of Calvin cycle • Under high light/high temperature conditions ...
... • Increase CO2 at site of Calvin cycle • Under high light/high temperature conditions ...
Notes
... • Occurs when an active enzyme is prevented from combining with its substrate. • When the product of a metabolic pathway is in abundance, it binds competitively with the enzyme’s active site, a simple form of feedback inhibition. • Other metabolic pathways are regulated by the end product binding to ...
... • Occurs when an active enzyme is prevented from combining with its substrate. • When the product of a metabolic pathway is in abundance, it binds competitively with the enzyme’s active site, a simple form of feedback inhibition. • Other metabolic pathways are regulated by the end product binding to ...
File - John Robert Warner
... Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. _____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP? a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. b. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy. c. ATP provides energy for ...
... Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. _____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP? a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. b. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy. c. ATP provides energy for ...
Photosynthesis - John A. Ferguson Senior High School
... Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. _____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP? a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. b. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy. c. ATP provides energy for ...
... Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. _____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP? a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. b. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy. c. ATP provides energy for ...
Name
... Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. _____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP? a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. b. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy. c. ATP provides energy for ...
... Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. _____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP? a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. b. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy. c. ATP provides energy for ...
Metabolism Teaching Notes ***Print off slides 7,12,13, 16, 20, 23, 24
... The sunlight is absorbed in the ecosystem and converted to energy by the process of photosynthesis. The Calvin Cycle, or dark reactions, fix CO2 into carbohydrates. Plants fix carbon and to make glucose and expire oxygen. Then glucose and oxygen is used to make ATP in cellular respiration, much like ...
... The sunlight is absorbed in the ecosystem and converted to energy by the process of photosynthesis. The Calvin Cycle, or dark reactions, fix CO2 into carbohydrates. Plants fix carbon and to make glucose and expire oxygen. Then glucose and oxygen is used to make ATP in cellular respiration, much like ...
3.2 Metabolism of cardiac muscle cell
... Myocardium is able to produce energy from several substrates: fatty acids, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies and even aminoacids. Preference of individual substrates representing the particular sources of energy depends on their current concentration in both blood and cardiac muscle cells. T ...
... Myocardium is able to produce energy from several substrates: fatty acids, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies and even aminoacids. Preference of individual substrates representing the particular sources of energy depends on their current concentration in both blood and cardiac muscle cells. T ...
File
... It is the aerobic process of catabolism that produces energy in the form of ATP molecules. It occurs in the mitochondria of the cells. Q3 In the text it mentions a range of other molecules that can store and transport energy. What do all of them have in common structure wise? ...
... It is the aerobic process of catabolism that produces energy in the form of ATP molecules. It occurs in the mitochondria of the cells. Q3 In the text it mentions a range of other molecules that can store and transport energy. What do all of them have in common structure wise? ...
The Point is to Make ATP!
... Krebs Cycle Krebs cycle aka Citric Acid Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation includes the Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis ...
... Krebs Cycle Krebs cycle aka Citric Acid Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation includes the Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.