energy essentials
... THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES THE METABOLISM USED? A. ANABOLIC B. CATABOLIC ...
... THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES THE METABOLISM USED? A. ANABOLIC B. CATABOLIC ...
chapter7_Sections 5
... 1. NADH and FADH2 (high-energy molecules created by earlier steps) deliver electrons to electron transfer chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane 2. Electron flow through the chains causes hydrogen ions (H+) to be pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space 3. The electron transfer chains c ...
... 1. NADH and FADH2 (high-energy molecules created by earlier steps) deliver electrons to electron transfer chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane 2. Electron flow through the chains causes hydrogen ions (H+) to be pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space 3. The electron transfer chains c ...
sample
... which carbon dioxide is reduced to form a carbohydrate. This requires NADPH 2 and energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP. l Figure 15 shows an overview of the two main stages in photosynthesis occurring ...
... which carbon dioxide is reduced to form a carbohydrate. This requires NADPH 2 and energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP. l Figure 15 shows an overview of the two main stages in photosynthesis occurring ...
L11_lipogenesis
... – Insulin stimulates PDH phosphatase • Insulin thus stimulates dephosphorylation and activation of PDH ...
... – Insulin stimulates PDH phosphatase • Insulin thus stimulates dephosphorylation and activation of PDH ...
Chapter 9
... • All use glycolysis (net ATP =2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentatio ...
... • All use glycolysis (net ATP =2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentatio ...
Cellular Metabolism - Oklahoma State University–Stillwater
... • Variety of products are synthsized. • Use products to identify specific microoganim. • Ex. Lactic acid, Ethanolic, Propionic Acid, Mixed Acid, Butanediol, Butyric acid, Amino acid, Acetic to methane • Electron donor (substrate) and acceptor (product) are internal of the cell, thus less energy gene ...
... • Variety of products are synthsized. • Use products to identify specific microoganim. • Ex. Lactic acid, Ethanolic, Propionic Acid, Mixed Acid, Butanediol, Butyric acid, Amino acid, Acetic to methane • Electron donor (substrate) and acceptor (product) are internal of the cell, thus less energy gene ...
Document
... Metabolic turnover:Continuous synth. & degradation of tissue or nutrients to keep a constant conc. of the cell constituent. In the cell there are different organelles & enzymes when there is any process( metabolic process). There is a utilization of material & breakdown of cells in contact with the ...
... Metabolic turnover:Continuous synth. & degradation of tissue or nutrients to keep a constant conc. of the cell constituent. In the cell there are different organelles & enzymes when there is any process( metabolic process). There is a utilization of material & breakdown of cells in contact with the ...
Energy Systems
... • Harnessing of potential energy (energy of motion) • Biosynthesis results from harnessing energy 9 Individual atoms are joined to synthesize biologic ...
... • Harnessing of potential energy (energy of motion) • Biosynthesis results from harnessing energy 9 Individual atoms are joined to synthesize biologic ...
AP BIOLOGY – CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration Outline
... b. An 18-carbon fatty acid is converted to nine acetyl-CoA molecules that enter the Krebs cycle. c. Respiration of fat products can produce 216 ATP molecules; fats are efficient form of stored energy. 3. Amino acids break down into carbon chains and amino groups. a. Hydrolysis of proteins results in ...
... b. An 18-carbon fatty acid is converted to nine acetyl-CoA molecules that enter the Krebs cycle. c. Respiration of fat products can produce 216 ATP molecules; fats are efficient form of stored energy. 3. Amino acids break down into carbon chains and amino groups. a. Hydrolysis of proteins results in ...
GLYCOLYSIS (1).
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
Cell Energetics
... made from each glucose molecule. The rest of the glucose goes into waste byproducts that hold much untapped energy. 18. What process does the cell use to make ATP when oxygen is not available? 19. What is another name for anaerobic respiration? 20. What is the disadvantage of using fermentation inst ...
... made from each glucose molecule. The rest of the glucose goes into waste byproducts that hold much untapped energy. 18. What process does the cell use to make ATP when oxygen is not available? 19. What is another name for anaerobic respiration? 20. What is the disadvantage of using fermentation inst ...
GLYCOLYSIS
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
2.1 – Energy and ATP
... Understanding why ATP is important • As explained on the previous slide, reactions need energy to occur, and the amount of energy required by a reaction is quite specific. • It’s usually way less than the amount of energy stored in a glucose molecule – so if you used glucose directly, you’d be wast ...
... Understanding why ATP is important • As explained on the previous slide, reactions need energy to occur, and the amount of energy required by a reaction is quite specific. • It’s usually way less than the amount of energy stored in a glucose molecule – so if you used glucose directly, you’d be wast ...
HERE
... Which of the following is the correct sequence for the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP? A. Electron transport chain. B. Kreb’s cycle. C. Glycolysis. D. Formation of acetyl CoA. Correct order: ___→ __ → __ → _ ANSWER ...
... Which of the following is the correct sequence for the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP? A. Electron transport chain. B. Kreb’s cycle. C. Glycolysis. D. Formation of acetyl CoA. Correct order: ___→ __ → __ → _ ANSWER ...
EXAM 3 - Bakersfield College
... (Use your own words so that you can remember these terms and concepts more effectively :o) 81. Cellular respiration 82. Glycolysis 83. Krebs cycle 84. Electron Transport System (same as Electron Transport Phosphorylation) 85. Mitochondria 86. ATP 87. Draw the reaction leading to ATP formation includ ...
... (Use your own words so that you can remember these terms and concepts more effectively :o) 81. Cellular respiration 82. Glycolysis 83. Krebs cycle 84. Electron Transport System (same as Electron Transport Phosphorylation) 85. Mitochondria 86. ATP 87. Draw the reaction leading to ATP formation includ ...
Energy systems & the continuum
... - Use the PowerPoint and internet to produce the poster… using information that has been synthesised by yourself and also having sourced your own pictures and illustrations. ...
... - Use the PowerPoint and internet to produce the poster… using information that has been synthesised by yourself and also having sourced your own pictures and illustrations. ...
Chapter 3—The Cell I. Cell Theory. a. Organisms are made of 1 or
... i. Large molecules and polar molecules/ions can’t cross cell membranes on their own. 1. The interior of the membrane is hydrophobic, which repels ions and polar molecules. ii. The solute diffuses down its concentration gradient through the inside of a transport protein spanning the phospholipid bi-l ...
... i. Large molecules and polar molecules/ions can’t cross cell membranes on their own. 1. The interior of the membrane is hydrophobic, which repels ions and polar molecules. ii. The solute diffuses down its concentration gradient through the inside of a transport protein spanning the phospholipid bi-l ...
Cellular Metabolism
... The entire process of synthesizing ATP in the electron transport system is called oxidative phosphorylation. The ATP is produced by chemiosmosis. 2. Chemiosmotic Theory of ATP Production – Chemi – chemical forces, Osmosis – pushing forces The chemiosmotic theory of ATP production is based on the fac ...
... The entire process of synthesizing ATP in the electron transport system is called oxidative phosphorylation. The ATP is produced by chemiosmosis. 2. Chemiosmotic Theory of ATP Production – Chemi – chemical forces, Osmosis – pushing forces The chemiosmotic theory of ATP production is based on the fac ...
electron transport chain
... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
Name Date Period 1. What are the end products of aerobic cell
... Acetyl coenzyme A combining or joining with a C4 compound to give C6 + coenzyme A ...
... Acetyl coenzyme A combining or joining with a C4 compound to give C6 + coenzyme A ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation
... • The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH, thus, a transport system would be required to allow entry to NADH into the mitochondrial matrix • Instead of NADH molecule directly entering the mitochondria, there are electron shuttle systems that accept electrons from cytosolic NADH, enter mito ...
... • The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH, thus, a transport system would be required to allow entry to NADH into the mitochondrial matrix • Instead of NADH molecule directly entering the mitochondria, there are electron shuttle systems that accept electrons from cytosolic NADH, enter mito ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.