Lecture 8 RNA Secondary Structure Central Dogma
... • In the central dodgma, we talk about mRNA coding for protein. There are also tRNA and rRNA that are also coded for by the DNA. The MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small (22 nucleotides) non-coding RNA gene products that seem to regulate translation • The RNA has features in it sequence that gives it a struc ...
... • In the central dodgma, we talk about mRNA coding for protein. There are also tRNA and rRNA that are also coded for by the DNA. The MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small (22 nucleotides) non-coding RNA gene products that seem to regulate translation • The RNA has features in it sequence that gives it a struc ...
Lecture 12 - U of L Class Index
... – Splicing that occurs in all eukaryotic species is called cis-splicing because it involves two or more exons that exist together in the same gene – Alternatively, trans-splicing has exons that are not part of the same gene at all, may not even be on the same chromosome ...
... – Splicing that occurs in all eukaryotic species is called cis-splicing because it involves two or more exons that exist together in the same gene – Alternatively, trans-splicing has exons that are not part of the same gene at all, may not even be on the same chromosome ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... erratic environment of the human colon, dependent for its nutrients on the whimsical eating habits of the host.” “If the environment is lacking the amino acid tryptophan (which the bacterium needs to survive), the cell responds but activating a biochemical pathway that creates it.” “Later if the h ...
... erratic environment of the human colon, dependent for its nutrients on the whimsical eating habits of the host.” “If the environment is lacking the amino acid tryptophan (which the bacterium needs to survive), the cell responds but activating a biochemical pathway that creates it.” “Later if the h ...
CHAPTER 10: DNA,RNA & Protein Synthesis
... binds to promoter area on DNA 2. Nucleotides added & joined by the enzyme (RNA polymerase) 3. Termination signal- stopRNA polymerase releases both DNA & new RNA molecules ...
... binds to promoter area on DNA 2. Nucleotides added & joined by the enzyme (RNA polymerase) 3. Termination signal- stopRNA polymerase releases both DNA & new RNA molecules ...
problem set
... The two strands of the double-helical plasmid DNA separate (melt, denature) at 90˚C. During cooling down to 25˚C, the strands come back together. However, because the single-stranded DNA sequencing primer is in great excess, it hybridizes preferentially to its complementary region of the plasmid. Th ...
... The two strands of the double-helical plasmid DNA separate (melt, denature) at 90˚C. During cooling down to 25˚C, the strands come back together. However, because the single-stranded DNA sequencing primer is in great excess, it hybridizes preferentially to its complementary region of the plasmid. Th ...
Identification of ORC1/CDC6-interacting factors in
... - Introductions (given in red letters) are presented by volunteers (who don´t have to prepare the paper seminars) - The group that presented one paper will not be presenting another on the same day - Imagine you did the study: “You sell the fish” - Tell us why the study was done – what´s the goal of ...
... - Introductions (given in red letters) are presented by volunteers (who don´t have to prepare the paper seminars) - The group that presented one paper will not be presenting another on the same day - Imagine you did the study: “You sell the fish” - Tell us why the study was done – what´s the goal of ...
10.3 Protein Synthesis
... Going from DNA to Proteins • Let’s review what we’ve done so far: • We take our DNA and convert it into RNA in a process called ________________. • This happens in the _____________. ...
... Going from DNA to Proteins • Let’s review what we’ve done so far: • We take our DNA and convert it into RNA in a process called ________________. • This happens in the _____________. ...
1 Biological information flow
... Eukaryote mRNA IS processed: cleavage, covalent modification, addition of nucleotides & splicing mRNA processing steps 1. covalent modification of the ends of the transcript increases RNA stability. a) 5'end modification: capping (7-methylguanylate-5'ppp-5'mRNA) b) 3' end modification : * cleavage 1 ...
... Eukaryote mRNA IS processed: cleavage, covalent modification, addition of nucleotides & splicing mRNA processing steps 1. covalent modification of the ends of the transcript increases RNA stability. a) 5'end modification: capping (7-methylguanylate-5'ppp-5'mRNA) b) 3' end modification : * cleavage 1 ...
abstract
... Nucleic acid insights into present and past microbial activities in marine sediment William D Orsi, Aquaculture and Restoration Ecology Laboratory, University of Maryland Marine sediment contains the largest reservoir of reactive carbon on Earth, which represents a vast habitat for microbial life. H ...
... Nucleic acid insights into present and past microbial activities in marine sediment William D Orsi, Aquaculture and Restoration Ecology Laboratory, University of Maryland Marine sediment contains the largest reservoir of reactive carbon on Earth, which represents a vast habitat for microbial life. H ...
DNA Prokaryote Transcription Steps (updated February 2013)
... promoter. The promoter has several sequences that are similar to the Pribnow and TTGACA boxes in prokaryote promoters. The TATA box (TATAAA) is almost identical to the Pribnow sequence. Only about 32% of the known eukaryote core promoters have the TATA box at -26 to -31. If the iniator (Inr) core pr ...
... promoter. The promoter has several sequences that are similar to the Pribnow and TTGACA boxes in prokaryote promoters. The TATA box (TATAAA) is almost identical to the Pribnow sequence. Only about 32% of the known eukaryote core promoters have the TATA box at -26 to -31. If the iniator (Inr) core pr ...
protein synthesis and mutations
... nondisjuction of the XX chromosomes during egg formation, causing the boy to end up with XXY ...
... nondisjuction of the XX chromosomes during egg formation, causing the boy to end up with XXY ...
RNA interference - genemol de Jean
... RNAi is a specific process, known as the RNA interference machinery. It appears that the machinery, once it finds a double-stranded RNA molecule, cuts it up with an endonuclease (Dicer), separates the two strands, and then proceeds to destroy other single-stranded RNA molecules that are complementa ...
... RNAi is a specific process, known as the RNA interference machinery. It appears that the machinery, once it finds a double-stranded RNA molecule, cuts it up with an endonuclease (Dicer), separates the two strands, and then proceeds to destroy other single-stranded RNA molecules that are complementa ...
Document
... complementary strand of RNA to a gene on the template strand of DNA. However, eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes are organized differently. One key difference can be inferred from this electron micrograph, which shows newly formed eukaryotic mRNA hybridized to the strand of genomic DNA that it was tra ...
... complementary strand of RNA to a gene on the template strand of DNA. However, eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes are organized differently. One key difference can be inferred from this electron micrograph, which shows newly formed eukaryotic mRNA hybridized to the strand of genomic DNA that it was tra ...
Biology 303 EXAM II 3/14/00 NAME
... operon, produces high amount of ß-galactosidase. What is a possible genotype of the cells? (I = lac repressor gene; Z, Y, A = lac operon structural genes; P = lac promoter; ...
... operon, produces high amount of ß-galactosidase. What is a possible genotype of the cells? (I = lac repressor gene; Z, Y, A = lac operon structural genes; P = lac promoter; ...
What is RNA? - Manhasset Schools
... 1. The DNA strands _______________ creating two ________________ strands 2. _________ nucleotide subunits (sugar, phosphate and base) are paired to their complimentary DNA base pairs on the DNA strand RNA Base pairing: Adenine binds to ____________________ Cytosine binds to ____________________ ...
... 1. The DNA strands _______________ creating two ________________ strands 2. _________ nucleotide subunits (sugar, phosphate and base) are paired to their complimentary DNA base pairs on the DNA strand RNA Base pairing: Adenine binds to ____________________ Cytosine binds to ____________________ ...
Protein Synthesis
... Transcribe the following DNA strand to an RNA strand: DNA: T A C G G A G T G C T C G C A C G C G A T A C T mRNA: A U G C C U C A C G A G C G U G C G C U A U G A Codons and anticodons consist of 3 nucleotides. How many codons are on the above mRNA strand? 8 Now mRNA can take it’s copy of the DNA code ...
... Transcribe the following DNA strand to an RNA strand: DNA: T A C G G A G T G C T C G C A C G C G A T A C T mRNA: A U G C C U C A C G A G C G U G C G C U A U G A Codons and anticodons consist of 3 nucleotides. How many codons are on the above mRNA strand? 8 Now mRNA can take it’s copy of the DNA code ...
Bio1A Unit 1-2 Biological Molecules Notes File
... (think of a street cars going opposite directions) Function – “backup” copy in case of damage ...
... (think of a street cars going opposite directions) Function – “backup” copy in case of damage ...
Ch_ 19_2
... must coordinate the body as a whole rather than serve the needs of individual cells ...
... must coordinate the body as a whole rather than serve the needs of individual cells ...
Integrated Programme Sec 2 SBGE, LSS Biology Module Topic
... Each gene in a pair is inherited from a different parent Dominant trait is one that prevents another trait from expressing itself Recessive trait is expressed only if the dominant gene is not present Phenotype is the observable traits of an individual o the way in which a trait expresses itself phys ...
... Each gene in a pair is inherited from a different parent Dominant trait is one that prevents another trait from expressing itself Recessive trait is expressed only if the dominant gene is not present Phenotype is the observable traits of an individual o the way in which a trait expresses itself phys ...
CHAPTER 10: DNA,RNA & Protein Synthesis
... 2. Elongation- continued as ribosome moves the distance of 1 codon on mRNA 3. Elongation is built with new tRNAs attaching each amino acid as it reads the codons on the mRNA. 4. Termination- ribosome reaches “stop” codon on the mRNA 5. Disassembly – each piece is free. ...
... 2. Elongation- continued as ribosome moves the distance of 1 codon on mRNA 3. Elongation is built with new tRNAs attaching each amino acid as it reads the codons on the mRNA. 4. Termination- ribosome reaches “stop” codon on the mRNA 5. Disassembly – each piece is free. ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.