PowerPoint ****
... Ligand-receptor pairs involved in T cell activation. A, The major surface molecules of CD4+ T cells involved in the activation of these cells (the receptors) and the molecules on APCs (the ligands) recognized by the receptors are shown. CD8+ T cells use most of the same molecules, except that the TC ...
... Ligand-receptor pairs involved in T cell activation. A, The major surface molecules of CD4+ T cells involved in the activation of these cells (the receptors) and the molecules on APCs (the ligands) recognized by the receptors are shown. CD8+ T cells use most of the same molecules, except that the TC ...
Host Responses to Viral Infection - Cal State LA
... The TCR can only recognize and bind to its specific epitope if that epitope is associated with a self MHC (major histocompatability) molecule. There are two basic types of MHC molecules Class I MHC molecules are found on the surface of all nucleated cells. Class I molecules present peptides ...
... The TCR can only recognize and bind to its specific epitope if that epitope is associated with a self MHC (major histocompatability) molecule. There are two basic types of MHC molecules Class I MHC molecules are found on the surface of all nucleated cells. Class I molecules present peptides ...
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... In some cases, where the match is not perfect, the immune cells of the marrow can mount a response against the body of the recipient. In anything less than an extremely close match, the immune cells of the bone marrow will launch an attack on the recipient’s body, causing graft-versus-host disease. ...
... In some cases, where the match is not perfect, the immune cells of the marrow can mount a response against the body of the recipient. In anything less than an extremely close match, the immune cells of the bone marrow will launch an attack on the recipient’s body, causing graft-versus-host disease. ...
L-6 Lymphatic System
... helps phagocytes eliminate antigens most common antibody in the blood can pass v/s and placenta IgM - reacts with certain antigens, usually on first exposure IgA - most common in mucosa IgD -- rare in blood usually found on B cells (not released) may be involved in B cell activation ...
... helps phagocytes eliminate antigens most common antibody in the blood can pass v/s and placenta IgM - reacts with certain antigens, usually on first exposure IgA - most common in mucosa IgD -- rare in blood usually found on B cells (not released) may be involved in B cell activation ...
2 dent innate immunity
... Cells of the innate immune system: Macrophages: Macrophages are constitutively present in tissues and recognize microbes that enter these tissues and respond rapidly to these microbes. They initiate the immune response. •These cells are phagocytes (eliminate the pathogens) •Activate the innate imm ...
... Cells of the innate immune system: Macrophages: Macrophages are constitutively present in tissues and recognize microbes that enter these tissues and respond rapidly to these microbes. They initiate the immune response. •These cells are phagocytes (eliminate the pathogens) •Activate the innate imm ...
Stem Cell Classification Adult Stem Cells Embryonic Stem Cells
... Adult stem cells are partially undifferentiated cells located among the specialized cells of many organs and tissues. They are found all over the body, in the brain, liver, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, dental pulp, and even fat. These stem cells are also found in children and in umbilical cord bloo ...
... Adult stem cells are partially undifferentiated cells located among the specialized cells of many organs and tissues. They are found all over the body, in the brain, liver, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, dental pulp, and even fat. These stem cells are also found in children and in umbilical cord bloo ...
The Immune System
... Function in innate defense by attacking pathogens or impeding their reproduction Interferon proteins provide innate defense, interfering with viruses and helping activate macrophages About 30 proteins make up the complement system, which causes lysis of invading cells and helps trigger inflammati ...
... Function in innate defense by attacking pathogens or impeding their reproduction Interferon proteins provide innate defense, interfering with viruses and helping activate macrophages About 30 proteins make up the complement system, which causes lysis of invading cells and helps trigger inflammati ...
Lymphatic and Immune System
... recognize only one antigen circulate continuously or settle down in the lymph nodes clonal selection: after a lymphocyte binds with its antigen it begins to make exact copies of itself – memory cells: clones that reside in lymphatic tissue, ready to respond if the same antigen re-enters the body ...
... recognize only one antigen circulate continuously or settle down in the lymph nodes clonal selection: after a lymphocyte binds with its antigen it begins to make exact copies of itself – memory cells: clones that reside in lymphatic tissue, ready to respond if the same antigen re-enters the body ...
Specific Defenses of the Host - Suffolk County Community College
... cells that must communicate Communication chemicals = cytokines -chemical messengers used within immune system (proteins or glycoproteins) -many kinds, each has specific message Cells = T cells -originate from stem cells in bone marrow but mature in thymus, travel to blood & lymph -each only recogni ...
... cells that must communicate Communication chemicals = cytokines -chemical messengers used within immune system (proteins or glycoproteins) -many kinds, each has specific message Cells = T cells -originate from stem cells in bone marrow but mature in thymus, travel to blood & lymph -each only recogni ...
Chapter 5 Gases - LCMR School District
... • Effector B cells that form during an antibody-mediated immune response make and secrete antibodies that recognize and bind antigen-bearing particles in blood or tissue fluids. Antibody binding can neutralize a pathogen or toxin and facilitate its elimination from the body. ...
... • Effector B cells that form during an antibody-mediated immune response make and secrete antibodies that recognize and bind antigen-bearing particles in blood or tissue fluids. Antibody binding can neutralize a pathogen or toxin and facilitate its elimination from the body. ...
Antiinflammatory effects of apoptotic cells
... in the context of tissue pathology. Again, the scientific climate at the time was ripe for these concepts, including (a) the importance of cell removal during development and the resolution of inflammation; (b) recognition of roles for innate immunity, pattern recognition, and response to dying cell ...
... in the context of tissue pathology. Again, the scientific climate at the time was ripe for these concepts, including (a) the importance of cell removal during development and the resolution of inflammation; (b) recognition of roles for innate immunity, pattern recognition, and response to dying cell ...
Kidney Transplant Rejection - URMC
... time to recognize the foreign antigens and make an immune response to them. To prevent acute rejection, transplant patients are treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Immunosuppressive drugs block the immune system action by reducing the production of antibodies or T cells by white blood cells. The p ...
... time to recognize the foreign antigens and make an immune response to them. To prevent acute rejection, transplant patients are treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Immunosuppressive drugs block the immune system action by reducing the production of antibodies or T cells by white blood cells. The p ...
Slide 1
... Explanation of SEEK’s approach • A vaccine made using these binding and reactive conserved regions of the virus proteins would enter cells and be presented in large volumes to the T cells, via the HLAs on the cells’ surfaces • Certain of the conserved peptides that SEEK uses in its vaccine are plac ...
... Explanation of SEEK’s approach • A vaccine made using these binding and reactive conserved regions of the virus proteins would enter cells and be presented in large volumes to the T cells, via the HLAs on the cells’ surfaces • Certain of the conserved peptides that SEEK uses in its vaccine are plac ...
CHAPTER 42 Pathogenesis of Fungal Infections
... A. Innate Immunity 1. Normal persons have a high level of innate immunity to most fungal infections 2. Important receptors include a lectin-like structure on phagocytes and Toll-like receptors 3. Most fungi are readily killed by phagocytes 4. Tissue phases of dimorphic fungi resist phagocytic killin ...
... A. Innate Immunity 1. Normal persons have a high level of innate immunity to most fungal infections 2. Important receptors include a lectin-like structure on phagocytes and Toll-like receptors 3. Most fungi are readily killed by phagocytes 4. Tissue phases of dimorphic fungi resist phagocytic killin ...
Document
... xenograft – from a lower animal to a human being or from an animal of one species to one of another species ...
... xenograft – from a lower animal to a human being or from an animal of one species to one of another species ...
Hypersensitivity Reactions
... Defence against variety of intracellular persistent or non-degradable antigens, such as tubercle bacilli. pathogens, including mycobacteria, fungi, and certain parasites, It may also be involved in transplant rejection. Tumour immunity NOTE: In AIDS loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes increased s ...
... Defence against variety of intracellular persistent or non-degradable antigens, such as tubercle bacilli. pathogens, including mycobacteria, fungi, and certain parasites, It may also be involved in transplant rejection. Tumour immunity NOTE: In AIDS loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes increased s ...
Lymphatic System
... Absent from bones, teeth, bone marrow, and CNS Lacteals: specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa ...
... Absent from bones, teeth, bone marrow, and CNS Lacteals: specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa ...
Immune defence in the lymphatic system of the skin
... lymph and blood flow. As T cells can circulate between the blood and the lymph and dendritic cells from the periphery migrate to the lymph nodes, the likelihood of them meeting in the lymph node is particularly high (▶Fig. 3). The dendritic cells form an interface between the innate and the specific ...
... lymph and blood flow. As T cells can circulate between the blood and the lymph and dendritic cells from the periphery migrate to the lymph nodes, the likelihood of them meeting in the lymph node is particularly high (▶Fig. 3). The dendritic cells form an interface between the innate and the specific ...
Helper T cells - Morgan Community College
... Active immunity is acquired through immunization or actually having the disease. T lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity. Adaptive immunity (also called acquired immunity) refers to immunity that is acquired through previous exposure to infectious and other foreign agents. The thymus does ...
... Active immunity is acquired through immunization or actually having the disease. T lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity. Adaptive immunity (also called acquired immunity) refers to immunity that is acquired through previous exposure to infectious and other foreign agents. The thymus does ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.