immunology & virology bucharest
... – To explain how the immune system works – To describe the role of the CD4 cells within the immune system – To discuss the life cycle of the HIV virus – To describe the stages of HIV infection ...
... – To explain how the immune system works – To describe the role of the CD4 cells within the immune system – To discuss the life cycle of the HIV virus – To describe the stages of HIV infection ...
Adverse Immune Reactions and Immune Deficiencies
... leukocytes. Mast cells reside in tissues IgE has a half life of only two days in the plasma but over 30 days when bound to a basophil or mast cell surface. ...
... leukocytes. Mast cells reside in tissues IgE has a half life of only two days in the plasma but over 30 days when bound to a basophil or mast cell surface. ...
Blood
... enzymes that catalyze the conversion of other factors Conversion of fibrinogen (a plasma protein) to fibrin (insoluble protein strands) forms a ...
... enzymes that catalyze the conversion of other factors Conversion of fibrinogen (a plasma protein) to fibrin (insoluble protein strands) forms a ...
The Second Line of Defense ~The Inflammatory Response~
... ~Antibodies~ first and second levels of defense - Those that do trigger the production and release of antibodies - Proteins that latch onto, damage, clump, and slow foreign particles - Each antibody binds only to one specific binding site, known as an antigen - An antigen is any substance that cause ...
... ~Antibodies~ first and second levels of defense - Those that do trigger the production and release of antibodies - Proteins that latch onto, damage, clump, and slow foreign particles - Each antibody binds only to one specific binding site, known as an antigen - An antigen is any substance that cause ...
T cells - apbiostafford
... – attack pathogens, but don’t “remember” for next time • leukocytes – phagocytic white blood cells – macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells • complement system – proteins that destroy cells • inflammatory response – increase in body temp. – increase capillary permeability – attract macrophag ...
... – attack pathogens, but don’t “remember” for next time • leukocytes – phagocytic white blood cells – macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells • complement system – proteins that destroy cells • inflammatory response – increase in body temp. – increase capillary permeability – attract macrophag ...
Vaccination
... Like macrophages, neutrophils have surface receptors for common bacterial constituents and for complement and are the principal cells that engulf and destroy the invading microorganisms. The accumulation of fluid and cells at the site of infection causes the redness, swelling, heat and pain known co ...
... Like macrophages, neutrophils have surface receptors for common bacterial constituents and for complement and are the principal cells that engulf and destroy the invading microorganisms. The accumulation of fluid and cells at the site of infection causes the redness, swelling, heat and pain known co ...
BIO114 LECTURE EXAM #3 SP 2016
... Which property of immunity exists when the plasma membrane of each T cell and B cell has receptors that will bind only one particular type of antigen, ignoring all other types of antigens? A) speci city B) memory C) versatility D) tolerance E) innate immunity ...
... Which property of immunity exists when the plasma membrane of each T cell and B cell has receptors that will bind only one particular type of antigen, ignoring all other types of antigens? A) speci city B) memory C) versatility D) tolerance E) innate immunity ...
Adaptive Immunity: Activation of naive T cells
... antigen specificity; this is known as “clonal selection”. This increases the number of lymphocytes that can provide a useful response. Naïve T cells must also differentiate into effector cells in order to provide regulatory and cytolytic functions required for adaptive immunity. Limiting effector fu ...
... antigen specificity; this is known as “clonal selection”. This increases the number of lymphocytes that can provide a useful response. Naïve T cells must also differentiate into effector cells in order to provide regulatory and cytolytic functions required for adaptive immunity. Limiting effector fu ...
Peripheral tolerance
... The problem of self-nonself discrimination • The immune system responds to many foreign (microbial) antigens but not to self antigens • Developing lymphocytes express a large number of antigen receptors, not biased by specificity • Therefore, all individuals produce lymphocytes with the ability to ...
... The problem of self-nonself discrimination • The immune system responds to many foreign (microbial) antigens but not to self antigens • Developing lymphocytes express a large number of antigen receptors, not biased by specificity • Therefore, all individuals produce lymphocytes with the ability to ...
T and B cells
... granules in an eosinophil can vary because they have a tendency to degranulate while in the blood stream.[15] • Eosinophils play a crucial part in the killing of parasites (e.g., enteric nematodes) because their granules contain a unique, toxic basic protein and cationic protein (e.g., cathepsin[12] ...
... granules in an eosinophil can vary because they have a tendency to degranulate while in the blood stream.[15] • Eosinophils play a crucial part in the killing of parasites (e.g., enteric nematodes) because their granules contain a unique, toxic basic protein and cationic protein (e.g., cathepsin[12] ...
Document
... – Small molecules act as haptens and complex with skin proteins to be taken up by APCs and presented to Th1 cells to get sensitization. – During secondary exposure Th1 memory cells become activated to cause DTH. ...
... – Small molecules act as haptens and complex with skin proteins to be taken up by APCs and presented to Th1 cells to get sensitization. – During secondary exposure Th1 memory cells become activated to cause DTH. ...
Controlled T-Cell Development with Specialized Stromal Cells and
... body(ex. blood, skin, heart, etc.). Hematopoietic Stem Cells(HSCs) are specialized stem cells that can develop into any type of immune cell, such as B cells. B cells originate and mature in the bone marrow (BM) or the fetal liver (FL) in mammals. T cells (white blood cells) originate in the BM but m ...
... body(ex. blood, skin, heart, etc.). Hematopoietic Stem Cells(HSCs) are specialized stem cells that can develop into any type of immune cell, such as B cells. B cells originate and mature in the bone marrow (BM) or the fetal liver (FL) in mammals. T cells (white blood cells) originate in the BM but m ...
IMMUNOLOGY
... concept：places where immunocytes genesis, develop, differentiate and mature composition：bone marrow, thymus and bursa of Fabricius (which is one of Avian character) peripheral immune organs concept ： places where mature T, B lymphocytes resident and contact with antigens and carry out immune respons ...
... concept：places where immunocytes genesis, develop, differentiate and mature composition：bone marrow, thymus and bursa of Fabricius (which is one of Avian character) peripheral immune organs concept ： places where mature T, B lymphocytes resident and contact with antigens and carry out immune respons ...
Is acetylcholine an autocrine growth factor via the
... inflammation-induced imbalance between fibrin deposition and fibrinolysis, a process being initiated by the surgical trauma (Khorram-Manesh et al., 2006). The mechanism of action for morphine to inhibit adhesion formation has not been elucidated, but it is conceivable that this compound acts as an a ...
... inflammation-induced imbalance between fibrin deposition and fibrinolysis, a process being initiated by the surgical trauma (Khorram-Manesh et al., 2006). The mechanism of action for morphine to inhibit adhesion formation has not been elucidated, but it is conceivable that this compound acts as an a ...
11-Immunology
... Attack infected cells T-cell lymphocytes “T-cell receptor” (TCR) AG on MHC proteins Immune Defenses ...
... Attack infected cells T-cell lymphocytes “T-cell receptor” (TCR) AG on MHC proteins Immune Defenses ...
PA12-01 Galustian Lay summary Principal Investigator: Dr Christine
... such as septic shock (infection leading to serious low blood pressure). Another group of immune system therapy proteins currently used are antibodies. These proteins block the effect of one type of white blood cell (regulatory T cells) which prevents the immune system’s ability to fight cancer cells ...
... such as septic shock (infection leading to serious low blood pressure). Another group of immune system therapy proteins currently used are antibodies. These proteins block the effect of one type of white blood cell (regulatory T cells) which prevents the immune system’s ability to fight cancer cells ...
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
... Treatment options depend on the cause of SCID Depending on the cause of SCID, there are three main treatment options, in addition to specific treatment of infections with appropriate antibiotics: 1. Deficiency of adenosine deaminase Deficiency of the enzyme Adenosine Deaminase can sometimes be treat ...
... Treatment options depend on the cause of SCID Depending on the cause of SCID, there are three main treatment options, in addition to specific treatment of infections with appropriate antibiotics: 1. Deficiency of adenosine deaminase Deficiency of the enzyme Adenosine Deaminase can sometimes be treat ...
Connective tissue
... Have abundant basophilic granules in the cytoplasm The granules contain histamine and heparin Have surface receptors for the IgE antibodies that trigger degranulation in case of allergic reactions ...
... Have abundant basophilic granules in the cytoplasm The granules contain histamine and heparin Have surface receptors for the IgE antibodies that trigger degranulation in case of allergic reactions ...
Immunogenetics
... The trick is to be able to distinguish between “self” and “non-self”: to recognize molecules in the body that don’t belong there. Foreign molecules (often on the surface of foreign organisms) raise an immune response in the body. The primary defense is a set of antibody molecules (also called immuno ...
... The trick is to be able to distinguish between “self” and “non-self”: to recognize molecules in the body that don’t belong there. Foreign molecules (often on the surface of foreign organisms) raise an immune response in the body. The primary defense is a set of antibody molecules (also called immuno ...
Immunogenetics
... The trick is to be able to distinguish between “self” and “non-self”: to recognize molecules in the body that don’t belong there. Foreign molecules (often on the surface of foreign organisms) raise an immune response in the body. The primary defense is a set of antibody molecules (also called immuno ...
... The trick is to be able to distinguish between “self” and “non-self”: to recognize molecules in the body that don’t belong there. Foreign molecules (often on the surface of foreign organisms) raise an immune response in the body. The primary defense is a set of antibody molecules (also called immuno ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.