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Introdution
Introdution

... (i)  Molecular recognition events. Macromolecules are inherently nearsighted. Stable macromolecular interfaces involve forces that typically are only effective in short ranges that can be measured in Ångstroms. Although one can model these changes with simplified approahces, one has to remember that ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... The light is focused by the lens onto the back of the eye. An array of light sensitive receptor cells called the retina line the back of the eye. ...
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SNC2P 2.1 Cell Basics Organelle: A specialized structure within a

... Organelle: A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specialized function in the cell. Scientist have determined that even though there is no one, common cell, all plant and animal cells have many common factors. Animal Cell Structures ...
Protein Folding File
Protein Folding File

... What are the two main structural motifs present in secondary folding of amino acid chains? What type of bonding stabilizes alpha helices and beta sheets? In addition to H-bonding, what type of bonding leads to stronger covalent bonds between amino acids? After secondary structures are formed, what i ...
PROTEINS
PROTEINS

... viral genome and bundles of cytoskeletal filaments that support and give shape to the plasma membrane. Other macromolecular assemblies act as molecular machines, carrying out the most complex cellular processes by integrating individual functions into one coordinated process. For example, the transc ...
Cell Membranes
Cell Membranes

... Hypotonic, Hypertonic, Isotonic Interactive Quiz http://www2.nl.edu/jste/osmosis.htm#Osmosis ...
Plasma Membrane Notes (7.2)
Plasma Membrane Notes (7.2)

... Selective Permeability  Property of the membrane that allows certain materials to pass through the cell while keeping others out  It also allows different cells to perform different activities within the same organism.  Example: Human nerve cells respond to a certain chemical that is present in t ...
Controlling Gene Expression
Controlling Gene Expression

... synthesizing proteins (switched on) ...
Death-Defying Pathways Linking Cell Cycle and Apoptosis
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Preception of stimuli - IB

... The Retina – photoreceptor cells ...
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... Mitotic stimulation by hormones, growth factors and cytokines Stimulation of Immediate Early Genes (transcription factors c-fos, c-myc, c-jun) ...
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functions in the cell

... Sketch and explain the “9 + 2” pattern. What is it used for? In what types of cells is it found? ...
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Preface 1 PDF

... between biochemistry, molecular biology, and ultrastructural studies placing macromolecular functions within a cellular context. Immunoelectron microscopy can be used on virtually every unicellular and multicellular organism. The only requirements are suitable fixation protocols and the availability ...
Tour of Cell Organelles - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
Tour of Cell Organelles - Fort Thomas Independent Schools

... bodies are made up of cells  cells do all the work of life! ...
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CELL TRANSPORT

... Does not require energy Uses transport proteins to move high to low concentration  Examples: Glucose or amino acids moving from blood into a cell. ...
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... an “artificial cell.” The balloon is filled with a solution of 20 percent sucrose and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40 percent sucrose. Which of the following will occur? a. Sucrose will leave the balloon. b. Sucrose will enter the balloon. c. Water will enter the balloon. d. Wate ...
Cells are
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... • Unit of Function: Each cell is a living unit. A cell performs many metabolic functions to sustain life. Each cell is a biochemical factory using food molecules for energy; repair of tissues, growth and ultimately reproduction. ...
Cells
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... or multicellular (visible life forms, animals and plants). In multicellular organisms: housekeeping functions common to all cells + additional and specific functions for each type of “differentiated” cells  Except housekeeping functions, retinal cells are able to perform chemical process converting ...
Cells
Cells

... or multicellular (visible life forms, animals and plants). In multicellular organisms: housekeeping functions common to all cells + additional and specific functions for each type of “differentiated” cells  Except housekeeping functions, retinal cells are able to perform chemical process converting ...
The basics of immunohistochemistry
The basics of immunohistochemistry

... Must determine for each new antibody/antigen target ...
Synthesis and Sidedness of Membranes
Synthesis and Sidedness of Membranes

... Synthesis and Sidedness of Membranes • Membranes have distinct inside and outside faces • The asymmetrical distribution of proteins, lipids, and associated carbohydrates in the plasma membrane is determined when the membrane is built by the ER and Golgi apparatus ...
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... During a study on the mapping of cell surface molecules, we looked for a procedure by which large numbers of transfected cells could be evaluated on a routine basis. Such a method had to be practicable in terms of the time and materials required. The target cells were to be transfected with fusion c ...
How Neurons Talk to Each Other
How Neurons Talk to Each Other

... The presynaptic nerve endings contain signal molecules known as neurotransmitters, which are stored in small membrane-enclosed vesicles. Each nerve ending in the central nervous system contains an average of several hundred synaptic vesicles. However, synapses vary significantly. For example, some s ...
Review concepts and vocabulary
Review concepts and vocabulary

... o Relate cancer and tumors to the cell cycle. Laboratory Investigations o Organic Macromolecules (carbon compounds) lab o “Weird Cells” Cell Specialization lab o Photosynthesis lab (Elodea) mini lab o Cellular Respiration w/ sweetener lab (yeast) o Cell membrane quick lab (starch and iodine with san ...
Shiver Warm Stop Shiver Release Insulin Blood
Shiver Warm Stop Shiver Release Insulin Blood

... Have many different functions as determined by their Shape ...
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Signal transduction



Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.
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