Par-complex proteins promote proliferative
... early VZ progenitors leads to an increased number of basal Tbr2positive progenitors (Tbr2 is also known as Eomes – Mouse Genome Informatics) and a premature increase in neuron production (Cappello et al., 2006). As Cdc42 is well known to activate the apically localized Par complex, we proposed that ...
... early VZ progenitors leads to an increased number of basal Tbr2positive progenitors (Tbr2 is also known as Eomes – Mouse Genome Informatics) and a premature increase in neuron production (Cappello et al., 2006). As Cdc42 is well known to activate the apically localized Par complex, we proposed that ...
SCAMPs Highlight the Developing Cell Plate
... Cytokinesis normally takes place immediately after the separation of daughter nuclei, except in special cases like the endosperm, where cellularization follows numerous nuclear divisions (Brown and Lemmon, 2007). In higher plants, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate through the fusion ...
... Cytokinesis normally takes place immediately after the separation of daughter nuclei, except in special cases like the endosperm, where cellularization follows numerous nuclear divisions (Brown and Lemmon, 2007). In higher plants, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate through the fusion ...
The Hierarchy of the 3D Genome
... 1Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, ...
... 1Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, ...
Protein Structure Prediction and Structural Genomics
... ligand based on a cluster of charged residues on the protein, as was done for mouse mast cell protease 7 (Fig. 2B) (22). The prediction of a proteoglycan binding patch was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and heparin-affinity chromatography experiments. Fortunately, errors in the functionally ...
... ligand based on a cluster of charged residues on the protein, as was done for mouse mast cell protease 7 (Fig. 2B) (22). The prediction of a proteoglycan binding patch was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and heparin-affinity chromatography experiments. Fortunately, errors in the functionally ...
identification of a chloroplast dehydrin in leaves of mature plants
... termed dehydrins. Dehydrins accumulate in vegetative tissues during conditions that impose dehydration stress, such as drought, cold, freezing, and salinity (Bray 1993; Thomashow 1999), and in the maturation phase of embryogenesis (Close 1996). Many dehydrins also accumulate following the applicatio ...
... termed dehydrins. Dehydrins accumulate in vegetative tissues during conditions that impose dehydration stress, such as drought, cold, freezing, and salinity (Bray 1993; Thomashow 1999), and in the maturation phase of embryogenesis (Close 1996). Many dehydrins also accumulate following the applicatio ...
Respiratory Centers
... • Direct inhibitory effect of hypoxemia on the respiratory center • Chronic hypoxemia, PO2 < 60 mmHg, can significantly stimulate ventilation – emphysema, pneumonia – high altitudes after several days ...
... • Direct inhibitory effect of hypoxemia on the respiratory center • Chronic hypoxemia, PO2 < 60 mmHg, can significantly stimulate ventilation – emphysema, pneumonia – high altitudes after several days ...
Proliferation Metabolic Pathway Alterations that Support Cell
... cells and normal proliferating cells (Mazurek 2010). PKM2 is a product of the PK-M gene, which is alternatively spliced by differential selection of a single exon to produce either the PKM1 or PKM2 isoform (Takenaka et al. 1996). Consistent with the expression of PKM2 in proliferating cells, this is ...
... cells and normal proliferating cells (Mazurek 2010). PKM2 is a product of the PK-M gene, which is alternatively spliced by differential selection of a single exon to produce either the PKM1 or PKM2 isoform (Takenaka et al. 1996). Consistent with the expression of PKM2 in proliferating cells, this is ...
Physiological adaptations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae evolved for
... physiological adaptations of an evolved strain. In this study we chose to look at the differences on the level of the proteome, lipid composition and physiological properties. Applying a SDS-associated protein extraction coupled to protein trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses allowe ...
... physiological adaptations of an evolved strain. In this study we chose to look at the differences on the level of the proteome, lipid composition and physiological properties. Applying a SDS-associated protein extraction coupled to protein trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses allowe ...
Membrane pore architecture of the CslF6
... and cellulose synthase–like (Csl) gene families (3). The CslF6 protein is a major component of the (1-3,1-4)-b-glucan synthase of cereals because knockout mutants of this gene have essentially no (1-3,1-4)-bglucan (4–6). The (1-3,1-4)-b-glucan is a major cell wall component of grasses and is importa ...
... and cellulose synthase–like (Csl) gene families (3). The CslF6 protein is a major component of the (1-3,1-4)-b-glucan synthase of cereals because knockout mutants of this gene have essentially no (1-3,1-4)-bglucan (4–6). The (1-3,1-4)-b-glucan is a major cell wall component of grasses and is importa ...
Recognition of Metal Ion Binding Proteins
... The above results indicate that the Sodium ion binding proteins are the most predictable from its feature vector, followed by Nickel, Copper Iron, Manganese, Magnesium, Calcium and Zinc. ...
... The above results indicate that the Sodium ion binding proteins are the most predictable from its feature vector, followed by Nickel, Copper Iron, Manganese, Magnesium, Calcium and Zinc. ...
A Novel Plant Kinesin-Related Protein Specifically
... the AtFCA1.2 locus, which was predicted to encode a KRP (GenBank accession number Z97336). After being sequenced, however, the OAO358 clone did not show a fulllength open reading frame. To determine the 5 end of the coding sequence, 5 rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) experiments were perfo ...
... the AtFCA1.2 locus, which was predicted to encode a KRP (GenBank accession number Z97336). After being sequenced, however, the OAO358 clone did not show a fulllength open reading frame. To determine the 5 end of the coding sequence, 5 rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) experiments were perfo ...
The plant endoplasmic reticulum: a cell-wide web
... the new polygons. Thus multiple homotypic membrane fusions can be generated along one ER tubule. In mammals several genes have been shown to have an essential role in homotypic membrane fusion (see [27] and references therein). To date there are no candidate plant proteins mediating such fusion even ...
... the new polygons. Thus multiple homotypic membrane fusions can be generated along one ER tubule. In mammals several genes have been shown to have an essential role in homotypic membrane fusion (see [27] and references therein). To date there are no candidate plant proteins mediating such fusion even ...
Chapter 3 Part 1
... • 3-1 List the functions of the plasma membrane and the structural features that enable it to perform those functions. • 3-2 Describe the organelles of a typical cell, and indicate the specific functions of each. • 3-3 Explain the functions of the cell nucleus and discuss the nature and importance o ...
... • 3-1 List the functions of the plasma membrane and the structural features that enable it to perform those functions. • 3-2 Describe the organelles of a typical cell, and indicate the specific functions of each. • 3-3 Explain the functions of the cell nucleus and discuss the nature and importance o ...
Caulobacter Export™ Manual
... Because RsaA is the protein that forms the S-layer it must be produced inside the cell and exported to the cell surface. Export is mediated by a secretion mechanism categorized as a Type I transporter. It is a bacterial secretion system that uses ATP to generate the energy needed for protein export ...
... Because RsaA is the protein that forms the S-layer it must be produced inside the cell and exported to the cell surface. Export is mediated by a secretion mechanism categorized as a Type I transporter. It is a bacterial secretion system that uses ATP to generate the energy needed for protein export ...
... We found a significantly reduced expression of CD46 and CD59 on CD4+ alveolar lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected individuals, whereas the expression of CR3, CR4, ICAM-1 and CD30 was increased. IL-1β and TNF-α concentration in supernatants of alveolar cells was augmented in HIV-1 infected patients, but ...
Endocytic Uptake of Nutrients, Cell Wall Molecules, and Fluidized
... et al. 2004). An attractive possibility is that heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, and the toxic element aluminum, being often complexed with pectic networks, are also taken up into plant cells via endocytosis. In support of this notion, subcellular localization of aluminum in cells of maize roo ...
... et al. 2004). An attractive possibility is that heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, and the toxic element aluminum, being often complexed with pectic networks, are also taken up into plant cells via endocytosis. In support of this notion, subcellular localization of aluminum in cells of maize roo ...
Chapter 1: Biochemistry in the Modern World
... organisms rather than cells. In ecology, for example, ecosystems are often described in terms of food webs, with energy being generated by photosynthesis and then transferred up a food chain through the herbivores to the top carnivores (Fig. 1.2). The generation of energy is a central topic in bioch ...
... organisms rather than cells. In ecology, for example, ecosystems are often described in terms of food webs, with energy being generated by photosynthesis and then transferred up a food chain through the herbivores to the top carnivores (Fig. 1.2). The generation of energy is a central topic in bioch ...
The Genome of Methanosarcina mazei
... mazei are summarized in Figure 3. Typically, the genes for the CO2 reduction pathway to methane are archaeal. This is also true for the heterodisulfide reductase and the A1A0ATP synthase. Genes for two acetate-activation pathways are present: a bacterial type acetate kinase + phosphotransacetylase ( ...
... mazei are summarized in Figure 3. Typically, the genes for the CO2 reduction pathway to methane are archaeal. This is also true for the heterodisulfide reductase and the A1A0ATP synthase. Genes for two acetate-activation pathways are present: a bacterial type acetate kinase + phosphotransacetylase ( ...
Taste and Smell - Baldwin County Public Schools
... fibers responding preferentially to different tastes (contrast) ...
... fibers responding preferentially to different tastes (contrast) ...
Hyperproduction of Exocellular Levansucrase by
... molecules of sucrose are necessary to convert the controlling element (repressor or receptor) into the form which facilitates levansucrase formation. Such a cooperative interaction between inducer and controlling element has been found for several induced systems (Yagil, 1983). Distribution of'lei3a ...
... molecules of sucrose are necessary to convert the controlling element (repressor or receptor) into the form which facilitates levansucrase formation. Such a cooperative interaction between inducer and controlling element has been found for several induced systems (Yagil, 1983). Distribution of'lei3a ...
SCD1 is required for cell cytokinesis and polarized
... HINKEL and division plane-localized components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the control of phragmoplast expansion (Nishihama et al., 2002). The identification of these genes has yielded insight into the molecular mechanisms that govern plant cytokinesis. However, given the ...
... HINKEL and division plane-localized components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the control of phragmoplast expansion (Nishihama et al., 2002). The identification of these genes has yielded insight into the molecular mechanisms that govern plant cytokinesis. However, given the ...
Hepatitis C Virus: Molecular Pathways and - e
... Viral entry of HCV is a complex process involving the coordination of many receptors, co-receptors, and host factors. HCV is composed of several proteins that are necessary for attachment and entry into the host cells. The structural proteins of HCV include core, E1, and E2 [1-3]. Core, the main str ...
... Viral entry of HCV is a complex process involving the coordination of many receptors, co-receptors, and host factors. HCV is composed of several proteins that are necessary for attachment and entry into the host cells. The structural proteins of HCV include core, E1, and E2 [1-3]. Core, the main str ...
Metabolism of Leukotrienes: The Linear Biosynthetic Pathway
... synthesis of products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway are shown. LTA4 is the common intermediate in both branches of this pathway. The heavy arrows indicate unidirectional steps by which LTB4 and LTC4 are exported from cells. FLAP denotes the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein. (From Lewis et al. (2).) ...
... synthesis of products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway are shown. LTA4 is the common intermediate in both branches of this pathway. The heavy arrows indicate unidirectional steps by which LTB4 and LTC4 are exported from cells. FLAP denotes the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein. (From Lewis et al. (2).) ...
Developmentally Controlled Farnesylation
... 1993; Lane and Beese, 2006). Mutation of the conserved Cys farnesyl acceptor in the CKQQ motif to Ser (AtNAP1;1C369S) confirmed that farnesylation required a functional farnesylation motif. Among the three other Arabidopsis NAP1 proteins, AtNAP1;2 and AtNAP1;3 have a similar CKQQ motif and are likel ...
... 1993; Lane and Beese, 2006). Mutation of the conserved Cys farnesyl acceptor in the CKQQ motif to Ser (AtNAP1;1C369S) confirmed that farnesylation required a functional farnesylation motif. Among the three other Arabidopsis NAP1 proteins, AtNAP1;2 and AtNAP1;3 have a similar CKQQ motif and are likel ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.