The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway – new
... subunits are required to form a complex with the β and γ subunits (Crute et al., 1998). Comparison of β subunit sequences from different species revealed that they contained two conserved regions originally termed the KIS and ASC domains (Jiang and Carlson, 1997). Recent work has shown that, in mamm ...
... subunits are required to form a complex with the β and γ subunits (Crute et al., 1998). Comparison of β subunit sequences from different species revealed that they contained two conserved regions originally termed the KIS and ASC domains (Jiang and Carlson, 1997). Recent work has shown that, in mamm ...
6 Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes
... a low solubility in the lipid bilayer. Most of these substances are retained within cells and organelles because they cannot diffuse across the lipid barrier of membranes. Diffusion of Ions through Protein Channels Ions such as Na⫹, K⫹, Cl⫺, and Ca2⫹ diffuse across plasma membranes at rates that are ...
... a low solubility in the lipid bilayer. Most of these substances are retained within cells and organelles because they cannot diffuse across the lipid barrier of membranes. Diffusion of Ions through Protein Channels Ions such as Na⫹, K⫹, Cl⫺, and Ca2⫹ diffuse across plasma membranes at rates that are ...
Section D - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure
... often determined by specific, relatively short amino acid sequence within the proteins themselves. These sequences can be responsible for proteins being secreted, imported into the nucleus or targeted to other organelles. ...
... often determined by specific, relatively short amino acid sequence within the proteins themselves. These sequences can be responsible for proteins being secreted, imported into the nucleus or targeted to other organelles. ...
The cell biology of bone metabolism
... factor)-b superfamily.52–55 They are so named for their osteoinductive properties, and regulate differentiation of mesenchymal cells into components of bone, cartilage or adipose tissue.52 TGF-b/BMP ligand signal is mediated by heterodimeric receptor serine/threonine protein kinases (receptor types ...
... factor)-b superfamily.52–55 They are so named for their osteoinductive properties, and regulate differentiation of mesenchymal cells into components of bone, cartilage or adipose tissue.52 TGF-b/BMP ligand signal is mediated by heterodimeric receptor serine/threonine protein kinases (receptor types ...
Tetherin Inhibits HIV-1 Release by Directly Tethering Virions to Cells
... maturation, we used a CHO-derived cell line lacking PIGL, an ER-resident enzyme required for the addition of GPI anchors. Proteins that harbor a GPI modification signal as their only membrane anchor are inserted into ER membrane but remain trapped there in the absence of PIGL (Nakamura et al., 1997) ...
... maturation, we used a CHO-derived cell line lacking PIGL, an ER-resident enzyme required for the addition of GPI anchors. Proteins that harbor a GPI modification signal as their only membrane anchor are inserted into ER membrane but remain trapped there in the absence of PIGL (Nakamura et al., 1997) ...
Fatty acid - St John Brebeuf
... • When phospholipids are added to water, they self-assemble into a bilayer, with the hydrophobic tails pointing toward the interior • The structure of phospholipids results in a bilayer arrangement found in cell membranes • Phospholipids are the major component of all cell membranes ...
... • When phospholipids are added to water, they self-assemble into a bilayer, with the hydrophobic tails pointing toward the interior • The structure of phospholipids results in a bilayer arrangement found in cell membranes • Phospholipids are the major component of all cell membranes ...
Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Section: 7-1 Life
... Lipid portions of the cell membrane and proteins are made by the endoplasmic reticulum. New proteins leave the ribosomes on roughendoplasmic reticulum and may be chemically altered in the ER. Newly assembled proteins are carried from the rough-ER to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. ...
... Lipid portions of the cell membrane and proteins are made by the endoplasmic reticulum. New proteins leave the ribosomes on roughendoplasmic reticulum and may be chemically altered in the ER. Newly assembled proteins are carried from the rough-ER to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. ...
Host Immune Modulation Mycobacterial Capsular Polysaccharides
... composed of repeating units of five or six ␣-D-(134)-glucosyl residues substituted at some 6-OH positions with an oligo-glucosyl side chain (15, 16). Recently, a detailed structural comparison of ␣-glucan and glycogen, both derived from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), was perfor ...
... composed of repeating units of five or six ␣-D-(134)-glucosyl residues substituted at some 6-OH positions with an oligo-glucosyl side chain (15, 16). Recently, a detailed structural comparison of ␣-glucan and glycogen, both derived from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), was perfor ...
Mechanism of polarized lysosome exocytosis in epithelial cells
... regulation is mediated by AP-1B (Fölsch et al., 1999; Gonzalez and Rodriguez-Boulan, 2009; Gravotta et al., 2007) and AP-1A (Carvajal-Gonzalez et al., 2012; Gravotta et al., 2012). The ubiquitously expressed AP-1A and the epithelial-specific AP-1B have identical c, b1, s1 subunits, but differ in th ...
... regulation is mediated by AP-1B (Fölsch et al., 1999; Gonzalez and Rodriguez-Boulan, 2009; Gravotta et al., 2007) and AP-1A (Carvajal-Gonzalez et al., 2012; Gravotta et al., 2012). The ubiquitously expressed AP-1A and the epithelial-specific AP-1B have identical c, b1, s1 subunits, but differ in th ...
review of the EBNA3 proteins here - EBV Microarray data interrogation
... in Thorley-Lawson and Gross 2004; Thorley-Lawson et al. 2013). While the precise series of events that the EBV-positive B cells undergo to reach the memory compartment remains unknown, the consensus view is that it involves regulated shutdown of EBV latency-associated gene expression from the initia ...
... in Thorley-Lawson and Gross 2004; Thorley-Lawson et al. 2013). While the precise series of events that the EBV-positive B cells undergo to reach the memory compartment remains unknown, the consensus view is that it involves regulated shutdown of EBV latency-associated gene expression from the initia ...
RESPIRATORY DRUGS 1. ANTITUSSIVES
... brainstem which causes contraction of the muscles needed to cough. The type of cough produced depends on the location of the stimulated receptors and whether or not mucus is brought up with the cough (productive or non productive). -Antitussives given to animals are centrally acting. They suppress t ...
... brainstem which causes contraction of the muscles needed to cough. The type of cough produced depends on the location of the stimulated receptors and whether or not mucus is brought up with the cough (productive or non productive). -Antitussives given to animals are centrally acting. They suppress t ...
Chapter 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle
... an increased amount of cytoplasm requires increased supplies of enzymes? In many large cells, such as the giant amoeba Pelomyxa shown in Figure 8.8, more than one nucleus is present. Large amounts of DNA in many nuclei ensure that cell activities are carried out quickly and efficiently. ...
... an increased amount of cytoplasm requires increased supplies of enzymes? In many large cells, such as the giant amoeba Pelomyxa shown in Figure 8.8, more than one nucleus is present. Large amounts of DNA in many nuclei ensure that cell activities are carried out quickly and efficiently. ...
CHAPTER 6
... Lateral Asymmetry of Proteins: • Proteins can associate and cluster in the plane of the membrane - they are not uniformly distributed in many cases. • Some proteins form multisubunit complexes to perform specific functions. Ex. The “purple patches” bacteriorodopsinprotein (Fig 9.9). ...
... Lateral Asymmetry of Proteins: • Proteins can associate and cluster in the plane of the membrane - they are not uniformly distributed in many cases. • Some proteins form multisubunit complexes to perform specific functions. Ex. The “purple patches” bacteriorodopsinprotein (Fig 9.9). ...
1 1 2 3 4 5 Wnt proteins can direct planar cell polarity in
... To find out whether the observed effect on PCP is specific to Wnt5a or can be mediated by other ...
... To find out whether the observed effect on PCP is specific to Wnt5a or can be mediated by other ...
Designing the deconstruction of plant cell walls
... goal for the improvement of bioenergy crops, but must be achieved without compromising plant performance. Although lignin content can be reduced by downregulation of lignin biosynthetic enzymes, an undesirable consequence is the reduction of plant stature. In the phenylpropanoid pathway, p-coumaroyl ...
... goal for the improvement of bioenergy crops, but must be achieved without compromising plant performance. Although lignin content can be reduced by downregulation of lignin biosynthetic enzymes, an undesirable consequence is the reduction of plant stature. In the phenylpropanoid pathway, p-coumaroyl ...
Structural Location of Disease-Associated Single Nucleotide
... diversity of encoded proteins in human population 2. There are well known examples where nsSNPs affect the functional roles of proteins in signal transduction of visual, hormonal and other stimulants 3; 4, in gene regulation by altering DNA and transcription factor binding 5, and in maintaining the ...
... diversity of encoded proteins in human population 2. There are well known examples where nsSNPs affect the functional roles of proteins in signal transduction of visual, hormonal and other stimulants 3; 4, in gene regulation by altering DNA and transcription factor binding 5, and in maintaining the ...
Is ATP a Signaling Agent in Plants?
... Physiological processes in plant cells are regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Numerous signaling molecules have been identified, including hormones, elicitors, and secondary metabolites. Cognate receptors and receptor genes have been reported in some cases (Hua and Meyerowitz, 1998; Inoue ...
... Physiological processes in plant cells are regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Numerous signaling molecules have been identified, including hormones, elicitors, and secondary metabolites. Cognate receptors and receptor genes have been reported in some cases (Hua and Meyerowitz, 1998; Inoue ...
Ruboyianes - University of Arizona
... within NcoI restriction sites, into target codons 142, 186, 238, 277, and 299. The downstream primer was designed to introduce an XhoI restriction site. The PCR products were digested with NcoI and XhoI and cloned into pSE420, digested with the same enzymes. The genes are under lac promoter inductio ...
... within NcoI restriction sites, into target codons 142, 186, 238, 277, and 299. The downstream primer was designed to introduce an XhoI restriction site. The PCR products were digested with NcoI and XhoI and cloned into pSE420, digested with the same enzymes. The genes are under lac promoter inductio ...
Work assigned problems in Chapter
... binding of (or with the presence of) O 2 at other heme sites. This means that the value of P 50 increases (K d decreases) as successive O 2 are bound to the hemes. At low pO2, it is likely that only one site per hemoglobin tetramer (on the average) is bound to O 2 and each of these sites has an iden ...
... binding of (or with the presence of) O 2 at other heme sites. This means that the value of P 50 increases (K d decreases) as successive O 2 are bound to the hemes. At low pO2, it is likely that only one site per hemoglobin tetramer (on the average) is bound to O 2 and each of these sites has an iden ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... • Exception: sweat glands, piloeroector muscles and most peripheral blood vessels receive only sympathetic inputs ...
... • Exception: sweat glands, piloeroector muscles and most peripheral blood vessels receive only sympathetic inputs ...
Identification of Plasmodium falciparum var1CSA
... Malaria in pregnancy is responsible for maternal anaemia, low-birth-weight babies and infant deaths. Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes are thought to cause placental pathology by adhering to host receptors such as chondroitin sulphate A (CSA). CSA binding infected erythrocytes also bind Ig ...
... Malaria in pregnancy is responsible for maternal anaemia, low-birth-weight babies and infant deaths. Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes are thought to cause placental pathology by adhering to host receptors such as chondroitin sulphate A (CSA). CSA binding infected erythrocytes also bind Ig ...
Drugs and the Synapse
... • The portion inside the neuron activates a Gprotein –one that is coupled to guanosine triphosphate (GTP), an energy storing molecule. • G-protein increases the concentration of a “second-messenger”. • The second messenger communicates to areas within the cell. – May open or close ion channels, alte ...
... • The portion inside the neuron activates a Gprotein –one that is coupled to guanosine triphosphate (GTP), an energy storing molecule. • G-protein increases the concentration of a “second-messenger”. • The second messenger communicates to areas within the cell. – May open or close ion channels, alte ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.