Brucella Intracellular Replication Requires Trafficking Through the
... intracellular pathogens that enter various cell types during the infection process, including macrophages and epithelial cells (1). Once internalized, Brucella resides within a membrane-bound compartment, the Brucella-containing vacuole (BCV), a modified phagosome in which the bacterium survives and ...
... intracellular pathogens that enter various cell types during the infection process, including macrophages and epithelial cells (1). Once internalized, Brucella resides within a membrane-bound compartment, the Brucella-containing vacuole (BCV), a modified phagosome in which the bacterium survives and ...
Mediator Acts Upstream of the Transcriptional Activator Gal4
... Genes are transcribed only if their encoded proteins are required by the environmental or developmental conditions of a cell, and once a certain protein is no longer needed, it is rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Transcriptional activators appeared to contradict this simple ...
... Genes are transcribed only if their encoded proteins are required by the environmental or developmental conditions of a cell, and once a certain protein is no longer needed, it is rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Transcriptional activators appeared to contradict this simple ...
Effects of intestinal adaptation on insulin binding to villus cell
... The functional capacity of the villus cell mass is an important determinant of the adequacy of the digestive/absorptive process. The differentiation of crypt cells into villus cells, while seemingly inevitable, need not guarantee differentiation into fully functioning cells. Only those older cells w ...
... The functional capacity of the villus cell mass is an important determinant of the adequacy of the digestive/absorptive process. The differentiation of crypt cells into villus cells, while seemingly inevitable, need not guarantee differentiation into fully functioning cells. Only those older cells w ...
ER storage diseases: a role for ERGIC
... heavy (H) chains in the ER, until assembly with L chains displaces BiP (Hendershot et al., 1987; Hendershot, 1990). Although formation of H2L2 subunits is sufficient for secretion of ‘monomeric’ Ig (IgG, IgD and IgE), IgM and IgA must be further assembled into covalent polymers, often containing J c ...
... heavy (H) chains in the ER, until assembly with L chains displaces BiP (Hendershot et al., 1987; Hendershot, 1990). Although formation of H2L2 subunits is sufficient for secretion of ‘monomeric’ Ig (IgG, IgD and IgE), IgM and IgA must be further assembled into covalent polymers, often containing J c ...
Progression Liver Modulates Severe Malaria Disease in the
... immunopathogenesis have not been extensively described. By using susceptible mouse strains, it is possible to study the early events that lead to cerebral pathology. Infection of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA mimics human symptoms and is arguably the best murine model for this disease co ...
... immunopathogenesis have not been extensively described. By using susceptible mouse strains, it is possible to study the early events that lead to cerebral pathology. Infection of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA mimics human symptoms and is arguably the best murine model for this disease co ...
Lactic acid excretion by Streptococcus mutans
... Lactic acid is the major end-product of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans under conditions of sugar excess or low environmental pH. However, the mechanism of lactic acid excretion by S. mutans is unknown. To characterize lactic acid efflux in 5. mutans the transmembrane movement of radiolabelled la ...
... Lactic acid is the major end-product of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans under conditions of sugar excess or low environmental pH. However, the mechanism of lactic acid excretion by S. mutans is unknown. To characterize lactic acid efflux in 5. mutans the transmembrane movement of radiolabelled la ...
Lactic acid excretion by Streptococcus mutans
... Lactic acid is the major end-product of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans under conditions of sugar excess or low environmental pH. However, the mechanism of lactic acid excretion by S. mutans is unknown. To characterize lactic acid efflux in 5. mutans the transmembrane movement of radiolabelled la ...
... Lactic acid is the major end-product of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans under conditions of sugar excess or low environmental pH. However, the mechanism of lactic acid excretion by S. mutans is unknown. To characterize lactic acid efflux in 5. mutans the transmembrane movement of radiolabelled la ...
Growth as a Solid Tumor or Reduced Glucose Concentrations
... particular isoforms may be important prognostic indicators for some human malignancies (14). In some cases, the HA recognition function of CD44 can correspond in either a positive or negative way to the growth, invasion, and metastasis of experimental tumors (15–19). Although CD44 is widely expresse ...
... particular isoforms may be important prognostic indicators for some human malignancies (14). In some cases, the HA recognition function of CD44 can correspond in either a positive or negative way to the growth, invasion, and metastasis of experimental tumors (15–19). Although CD44 is widely expresse ...
characterisation of amino acid transport in red blood cells of a
... red cells, those from hagfish exhibited 104-fold higher rates of L-alanine transport. Uptake of this amino acid from the extracellular medium was concentrative, but occurred as a 1:1 exchange with intracellular amino acids. The L-alanine transport mechanism was identified as an &?c-type system on th ...
... red cells, those from hagfish exhibited 104-fold higher rates of L-alanine transport. Uptake of this amino acid from the extracellular medium was concentrative, but occurred as a 1:1 exchange with intracellular amino acids. The L-alanine transport mechanism was identified as an &?c-type system on th ...
a gene required for dorsoventrality of leaves in
... major shifts in the pattern of growth early in development (Avery, 1933; Dubuc-Lebreux and Sattler, 1980; Foster, 1936; Jeune, 1981; Poethig and Sussex, 1985a,b). The first occurs in a group of initial cells on the flanks of the vegetative meristem (Fig. 1A) which divide and expand to form a leaf pr ...
... major shifts in the pattern of growth early in development (Avery, 1933; Dubuc-Lebreux and Sattler, 1980; Foster, 1936; Jeune, 1981; Poethig and Sussex, 1985a,b). The first occurs in a group of initial cells on the flanks of the vegetative meristem (Fig. 1A) which divide and expand to form a leaf pr ...
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... the laboratory, but its postulated effects on the size distribution of natural bacterioplankton communities remain uninvestigated. For a period of 5 wk we followed the spring development of the epilimnetic microbial community in an oligo-mesotrophic lake. Changes In bacterial size distributions and ...
... the laboratory, but its postulated effects on the size distribution of natural bacterioplankton communities remain uninvestigated. For a period of 5 wk we followed the spring development of the epilimnetic microbial community in an oligo-mesotrophic lake. Changes In bacterial size distributions and ...
Dynamics of Cell Movement and Tissue Motion in Gastrulation and
... One of the major characteristics of living organisms is the high degree of order of their constituent parts, which takes form especially during early stages of embryonic development. Embryo development in all species follows the same pattern: first the developmental axes are laid down, then cells di ...
... One of the major characteristics of living organisms is the high degree of order of their constituent parts, which takes form especially during early stages of embryonic development. Embryo development in all species follows the same pattern: first the developmental axes are laid down, then cells di ...
Stored Red Blood Cell Transfusion Induces Regulatory T Cells
... Peripheral blood was collected from healthy human volunteers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fraction was isolated using a Ficoll-Paque density gradient (Amersham Biosciences AB). Cells were washed with Dulbecco’s PBS three times before their use or stored in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide sol ...
... Peripheral blood was collected from healthy human volunteers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fraction was isolated using a Ficoll-Paque density gradient (Amersham Biosciences AB). Cells were washed with Dulbecco’s PBS three times before their use or stored in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide sol ...
Optimization of ERK Activity Biosensors for both Ratiometric and
... substrates can be expressed in a cell specific type manner, but their activation also relies on threshold effects, therefore, the duration and amplitude of ERK activity level are crucial for signal integration. Depending upon the presence of feedbacks, the cascade may display different kinds of temp ...
... substrates can be expressed in a cell specific type manner, but their activation also relies on threshold effects, therefore, the duration and amplitude of ERK activity level are crucial for signal integration. Depending upon the presence of feedbacks, the cascade may display different kinds of temp ...
Guard cells in albino leaf patches do not respond to
... plants, blue light can still induce flowering, but these plants have lost sensitivity to red light (Jabben & Deitzer 1979; Bavrina et al. 2002). A similar situation was found for lightinduced stomatal opening, because the stomata of Nftreated wheat plants open in blue light (Karlsson, Höglund & Kloc ...
... plants, blue light can still induce flowering, but these plants have lost sensitivity to red light (Jabben & Deitzer 1979; Bavrina et al. 2002). A similar situation was found for lightinduced stomatal opening, because the stomata of Nftreated wheat plants open in blue light (Karlsson, Höglund & Kloc ...
The effective nuclear delivery of doxorubicin from dextran
... To date, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated for diverse bioapplications. Generally, AuNPs are engineered to possess surface coating with organic/inorganic shells to increase colloidal stability in biological solutions and to facilitate chemical conjugation. In the present study, we de ...
... To date, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated for diverse bioapplications. Generally, AuNPs are engineered to possess surface coating with organic/inorganic shells to increase colloidal stability in biological solutions and to facilitate chemical conjugation. In the present study, we de ...
Ultrastructure of last larval instar fat body cells of Pachycondyla
... haemolymph and later absorbed by other tissues. Secretion vesicles being liberated from the fat body cells were not observed, although some were noticed in the intercellular space. However these vesicles can also be membranous debris ( g. 4). In trophocytes, various large vacuoles which possess a l ...
... haemolymph and later absorbed by other tissues. Secretion vesicles being liberated from the fat body cells were not observed, although some were noticed in the intercellular space. However these vesicles can also be membranous debris ( g. 4). In trophocytes, various large vacuoles which possess a l ...
VIII. B S
... etc. The main requirement for this presence seems to be existence of reduced sulfur compounds. Apart from the oxic–anoxic interface zones inhabited by sulfur-oxidizing microaerophilic bacteria, other sulfur-rich environments in which syntrophic relationships take place have been described, e.g. ‘Thi ...
... etc. The main requirement for this presence seems to be existence of reduced sulfur compounds. Apart from the oxic–anoxic interface zones inhabited by sulfur-oxidizing microaerophilic bacteria, other sulfur-rich environments in which syntrophic relationships take place have been described, e.g. ‘Thi ...
EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID CONCENTRATION ON
... D). In survey about apical area in root of Aloe plants grown in medium without exogenous ascorbic acid and comparing them with roots treated with 0.5 and 1 mM ascorbic acid, the following differences could be mentioned briefly: (1) Compared to the control, root cap in plants treated with 0.5 and 1 m ...
... D). In survey about apical area in root of Aloe plants grown in medium without exogenous ascorbic acid and comparing them with roots treated with 0.5 and 1 mM ascorbic acid, the following differences could be mentioned briefly: (1) Compared to the control, root cap in plants treated with 0.5 and 1 m ...
Whole mount in situ hybridization shows Endo 16
... cannot unequivocally be assigned to this region in these abnormally developing embryos, but it corresponds to an area from which secondary mesenchyme are generated in normal embryos. At the stage when these embryo clusters form, this region normally would be involved in mouth formation. Projecting s ...
... cannot unequivocally be assigned to this region in these abnormally developing embryos, but it corresponds to an area from which secondary mesenchyme are generated in normal embryos. At the stage when these embryo clusters form, this region normally would be involved in mouth formation. Projecting s ...
Med Term- Dx Test Lymphatics Quiz 1. Tumor of lymphatic tissue
... 5. The combining form for lymph vessel is: A) lymphangi/o B) lymph/o C) thym/o D) Lymphaden/o ...
... 5. The combining form for lymph vessel is: A) lymphangi/o B) lymph/o C) thym/o D) Lymphaden/o ...
Ultrastructural and Physiological Characterization of YELP, a Novel
... chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, respectively, developed by the wild-type cells. Likewise, the accessory pigments, carotenes and xanthophylls, were only synthesized at 8.0% and 5.4%, respectively, of the levels reached by the green cells. Electron microscopy revealed remarkable differences in plasti ...
... chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, respectively, developed by the wild-type cells. Likewise, the accessory pigments, carotenes and xanthophylls, were only synthesized at 8.0% and 5.4%, respectively, of the levels reached by the green cells. Electron microscopy revealed remarkable differences in plasti ...
Strategies of actin reorganisation in plant cells
... tissues and led to a better understanding of F-actin organisation during plant development and morphogenesis (Mathur et al., 1999; Fu et al., 2001; Ilgenfritz et al., 2003; Ketelaar et al., 2004; Weerasinghe et al., 2005). This probe, however, exhibited a number of side effects (Ketelaar et al., 200 ...
... tissues and led to a better understanding of F-actin organisation during plant development and morphogenesis (Mathur et al., 1999; Fu et al., 2001; Ilgenfritz et al., 2003; Ketelaar et al., 2004; Weerasinghe et al., 2005). This probe, however, exhibited a number of side effects (Ketelaar et al., 200 ...
Role of Topoisomerase II@3in the Resistance of 9-OH
... double helix through a transient double-strand break made in a second helix (1 , 2). These enzymes play an essential role in a number of cellular processes, including chromosome condensation and segrega tion (3). Two distinct forms of topoisomerase II exist in mammals, designated topoisomerase !!a ( ...
... double helix through a transient double-strand break made in a second helix (1 , 2). These enzymes play an essential role in a number of cellular processes, including chromosome condensation and segrega tion (3). Two distinct forms of topoisomerase II exist in mammals, designated topoisomerase !!a ( ...
A Systems Survey of Progressive Host
... the dsRNA genome, which encode six structural (VP1–6) and six non-structural (NSP1–6) proteins. Rotavirus infects mature enterocytes of the small intestine. Following endocytosis, calcium flux from the endocytic compartment, facilitated by the proton gradient generated by the vesicular ATPase (v-ATP ...
... the dsRNA genome, which encode six structural (VP1–6) and six non-structural (NSP1–6) proteins. Rotavirus infects mature enterocytes of the small intestine. Following endocytosis, calcium flux from the endocytic compartment, facilitated by the proton gradient generated by the vesicular ATPase (v-ATP ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.