Determination of Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Planes in
... cells. If the spindle (or early phragmoplast) is displaced from the division plane by centrifugation, the expanding phragmoplast/cell plate can subsequently track back to the CDS (48, 97). However, the ability of a displaced phragmoplast to track back to the CDS works only over relatively small dist ...
... cells. If the spindle (or early phragmoplast) is displaced from the division plane by centrifugation, the expanding phragmoplast/cell plate can subsequently track back to the CDS (48, 97). However, the ability of a displaced phragmoplast to track back to the CDS works only over relatively small dist ...
Origin, Early Patterning, and Fate of the Mouse Epiblast
... of the blastocyst are predominantly made of descendants from either one or the other two-cell stage blastomere. Labeling studies showed that the clonal boundary between descendants of the two-cell blastomeres is maintained at least up to the early blastocyst stage.12,13 What can account for the diff ...
... of the blastocyst are predominantly made of descendants from either one or the other two-cell stage blastomere. Labeling studies showed that the clonal boundary between descendants of the two-cell blastomeres is maintained at least up to the early blastocyst stage.12,13 What can account for the diff ...
Somite dorsoventral polarity - Development
... and Asamoto rotated whole, intact somites while, in the challenge experiments noted above, only sclerotome fragments were analyzed. It is not difficult to imagine differences in behavior of whole somites and somite fragments. In order to minimize such differences we repeated the somite rotation expe ...
... and Asamoto rotated whole, intact somites while, in the challenge experiments noted above, only sclerotome fragments were analyzed. It is not difficult to imagine differences in behavior of whole somites and somite fragments. In order to minimize such differences we repeated the somite rotation expe ...
Targeting Robo4-dependent slit signaling to survive the cytokine storm in sepsis and influenza. Science Trans Med 2, 1-9.
... albumin (EBA) as a tracer, we found that Slit2N significantly reduced vascular leak in the lungs of LPS-treated Robo4+/+ mice (Fig. 3A). The effect of Slit2N was lost in Robo4-null (Robo4AP/AP) mice, showing that Robo4 is necessary for the effect of Slit2N in vivo (Fig. 3A). This result also indicat ...
... albumin (EBA) as a tracer, we found that Slit2N significantly reduced vascular leak in the lungs of LPS-treated Robo4+/+ mice (Fig. 3A). The effect of Slit2N was lost in Robo4-null (Robo4AP/AP) mice, showing that Robo4 is necessary for the effect of Slit2N in vivo (Fig. 3A). This result also indicat ...
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... Fig. 2. Signaling dynamics and growth. (A-F) Wild type, from a dataset with n=152; (A) Close-up of P-Mad, Hairy and PH3 stainings; dashed line: anterior edge of the furrow (x=0); (B) Quantification of P-Mad profile shapes at different developmental times (in different colors); black line: fit to mea ...
... Fig. 2. Signaling dynamics and growth. (A-F) Wild type, from a dataset with n=152; (A) Close-up of P-Mad, Hairy and PH3 stainings; dashed line: anterior edge of the furrow (x=0); (B) Quantification of P-Mad profile shapes at different developmental times (in different colors); black line: fit to mea ...
Helical growth in plant organs: mechanisms and
... twisting (see Glossary, Box 1) of flat leaves that ensures their rigidity. It should be noted that one common form of helical arrangement, namely the placement of leaves and flowers on stems ( phyllotaxy), represents a different category of helical patterning involving organ initiation rather than s ...
... twisting (see Glossary, Box 1) of flat leaves that ensures their rigidity. It should be noted that one common form of helical arrangement, namely the placement of leaves and flowers on stems ( phyllotaxy), represents a different category of helical patterning involving organ initiation rather than s ...
Guidelines for Histopathological Evaluation
... This section illustrates several examples of normal morphological changes in the female reproductive tract that can complicate the evaluation of reproductive tissues from TG 407 studies. These alterations may be developmental in nature or simply reflect the normal physiology of the oestrous cycle. A ...
... This section illustrates several examples of normal morphological changes in the female reproductive tract that can complicate the evaluation of reproductive tissues from TG 407 studies. These alterations may be developmental in nature or simply reflect the normal physiology of the oestrous cycle. A ...
Utilization of Amino Acids and Lack of Diazotrophy in
... Nitrogen nutrition of C . aurantiacus Initially, the range of nitrogenous compounds that would support growth as sole nitrogen source was examined. Medium D (Castenholz, 1969) contains NO, as sole nitrogen source but NO, did not serve as a nitrogen source for Chloroflexus (Table 1). However, NHI, al ...
... Nitrogen nutrition of C . aurantiacus Initially, the range of nitrogenous compounds that would support growth as sole nitrogen source was examined. Medium D (Castenholz, 1969) contains NO, as sole nitrogen source but NO, did not serve as a nitrogen source for Chloroflexus (Table 1). However, NHI, al ...
Gain of function in the immune system caused by a ryanodine
... RyR1 cDNA from wild-type mice (WT) yields the uncut band of about 376 bp, whereas digestion of the cDNA from heterozygous mice (HET RYR1Y522S) yields two bands of 276 bp and 100 bp plus the uncut 376 bp band from the wild-type allele. (B) The resting [Ca2+] of DCs from HET RYR1Y522S mice is signific ...
... RyR1 cDNA from wild-type mice (WT) yields the uncut band of about 376 bp, whereas digestion of the cDNA from heterozygous mice (HET RYR1Y522S) yields two bands of 276 bp and 100 bp plus the uncut 376 bp band from the wild-type allele. (B) The resting [Ca2+] of DCs from HET RYR1Y522S mice is signific ...
Newman and Zahs, J Neurosci., 18:4022-8, 1998.
... Recently, we demonstrated that intercellular C a 21 waves can also be propagated through networks of glial cells in situ in the freshly isolated mammalian retina (Newman and Z ahs, 1997). These waves are initiated by electrical or mechanical stimuli as well as focal application of neurotransmitters. ...
... Recently, we demonstrated that intercellular C a 21 waves can also be propagated through networks of glial cells in situ in the freshly isolated mammalian retina (Newman and Z ahs, 1997). These waves are initiated by electrical or mechanical stimuli as well as focal application of neurotransmitters. ...
Membrane flow through Golgi compartments
... contrast, neither the SGC (Fig. 3C) nor the TGN (not shown), stained with the anti-GMPc-1 and GMPt-1 antibodies, respectively, were affected by the 15 minutes incubation in DOG medium (Fig. 3C). After 30-45 minutes of incubation in DOG medium, the perinuclear reticular structure stained by Helix pom ...
... contrast, neither the SGC (Fig. 3C) nor the TGN (not shown), stained with the anti-GMPc-1 and GMPt-1 antibodies, respectively, were affected by the 15 minutes incubation in DOG medium (Fig. 3C). After 30-45 minutes of incubation in DOG medium, the perinuclear reticular structure stained by Helix pom ...
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... laboratory and others have reported that Cbl-b−/− mice are resistant to the outgrowth of spontaneous and transplantable tumors (9–11). In addition to T cell-mediated effects, it has recently been reported that Cbl-b−/− mice have enhanced NK cell-mediated tumor immunity (14). As a result of these stu ...
... laboratory and others have reported that Cbl-b−/− mice are resistant to the outgrowth of spontaneous and transplantable tumors (9–11). In addition to T cell-mediated effects, it has recently been reported that Cbl-b−/− mice have enhanced NK cell-mediated tumor immunity (14). As a result of these stu ...
Principles of Electrosurgery
... Friction can occur when the patient’s skin is pulled or rubbed over a stationary object. Shearing occurs when the patient’s skin is fixed while the underlying tissue shifts or is moved without support to the skeletal system. Direct pressure or weight applied over time to specific areas causes an isc ...
... Friction can occur when the patient’s skin is pulled or rubbed over a stationary object. Shearing occurs when the patient’s skin is fixed while the underlying tissue shifts or is moved without support to the skeletal system. Direct pressure or weight applied over time to specific areas causes an isc ...
P-selectin anchors newly released ultralarge von
... circulation.14,20,21 Not only is the processed form of VWF smaller, but also it is only active in the presence of modulators such as ristocetin or botrocetin, when exposed to high fluid shear stress, or when immobilized onto a solid surface.16,17,19 How ADAMTS13 cleaves ULVWF in vivo remains largely ...
... circulation.14,20,21 Not only is the processed form of VWF smaller, but also it is only active in the presence of modulators such as ristocetin or botrocetin, when exposed to high fluid shear stress, or when immobilized onto a solid surface.16,17,19 How ADAMTS13 cleaves ULVWF in vivo remains largely ...
Quaternary ammonium surfactant structure determines selective
... determinant of its toxic effects. Surfactants are driven into biological membranes and all similar amphiphilic aggregates primarily by the hydrophobic effect. At concentrations above their molar solubility in the membrane, non-ideal miscibility of surfactant and phospholipids may lead to increased m ...
... determinant of its toxic effects. Surfactants are driven into biological membranes and all similar amphiphilic aggregates primarily by the hydrophobic effect. At concentrations above their molar solubility in the membrane, non-ideal miscibility of surfactant and phospholipids may lead to increased m ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions: Zygotes of Fucoid Algae as a
... cells during division. In this case, each cell inherits a different set of cytoplasmic instructions that lead it down a unique developmental pathway. Because cell fate is controlled by determinants located within the cytoplasm, this type of development is often referred to as intrinsic or cell-auton ...
... cells during division. In this case, each cell inherits a different set of cytoplasmic instructions that lead it down a unique developmental pathway. Because cell fate is controlled by determinants located within the cytoplasm, this type of development is often referred to as intrinsic or cell-auton ...
Dynamics of Lipid Transfer by Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Proteins
... implicated in essential cellular processes, but the activity of none has been demonstrated in intact cells. Among these, phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITP) are of particular interest as they can bind to and transfer phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) – the precursor of important signalling mol ...
... implicated in essential cellular processes, but the activity of none has been demonstrated in intact cells. Among these, phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITP) are of particular interest as they can bind to and transfer phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) – the precursor of important signalling mol ...
Derivation of naïve human embryonic stem cells
... extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors (2i) in defined medium allows the cells to attain a homogeneous ground state (3). Defining characteristics of the naïve/ground vs. primed states are shown in Fig. S1A. In humans, the naïve stage has been dif ...
... extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors (2i) in defined medium allows the cells to attain a homogeneous ground state (3). Defining characteristics of the naïve/ground vs. primed states are shown in Fig. S1A. In humans, the naïve stage has been dif ...
Prevention of gastrointestinal tumors based on adenomatous
... or prevent tumor development. Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified that are recognized by specific T cell receptors (12). The recognition of TAA peptides by CTLs can result in the rejection of tumors (13, 14). However, tumors use several mechanisms to escape CTL-mediated killing, in ...
... or prevent tumor development. Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified that are recognized by specific T cell receptors (12). The recognition of TAA peptides by CTLs can result in the rejection of tumors (13, 14). However, tumors use several mechanisms to escape CTL-mediated killing, in ...
Basophils are inept at promoting human Th17 responses
... HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. ...
... HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. ...
Dual mode of paraxial mesoderm formation during chick gastrulation
... mesoderm. In double- (Fig. 1d) or single-graft (Fig. 1 i and l) experiments analyzed after 24 h, cells from the 90% level of the streak mostly gave rise to cells in medial somites from the anterior level of the somitic region to the tail bud (SI Table 1; Fig. 1 e, g, and j). In contrast, grafts of m ...
... mesoderm. In double- (Fig. 1d) or single-graft (Fig. 1 i and l) experiments analyzed after 24 h, cells from the 90% level of the streak mostly gave rise to cells in medial somites from the anterior level of the somitic region to the tail bud (SI Table 1; Fig. 1 e, g, and j). In contrast, grafts of m ...
autophagy - Botanik in Bonn
... regulated catabolic processes, all of which deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation In animals and yeasts, autophagy is often divided into three main types: Chaperone-mediated autophagy, Microautophagy, Macroautophagy. ...
... regulated catabolic processes, all of which deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation In animals and yeasts, autophagy is often divided into three main types: Chaperone-mediated autophagy, Microautophagy, Macroautophagy. ...
Regulated protein degradation controls PKA function and cell
... is an important regulator of Dictyostelium development. The levels of intracellular cAMP and PKA activity are controlled by the rate of synthesis of cAMP and its degradation by the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase RegA. We show that overexpression of the PKA catalytic subunit (PKAcat) rescues many of ...
... is an important regulator of Dictyostelium development. The levels of intracellular cAMP and PKA activity are controlled by the rate of synthesis of cAMP and its degradation by the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase RegA. We show that overexpression of the PKA catalytic subunit (PKAcat) rescues many of ...
Msx genes define a population of mural cell - HAL
... the external mural layer. Endothelial cell (EC) assembly takes place first. Within the mouse embryo, mesodermal progenitors give rise to the angioblast, an endothelial precursor. The angioblasts start to aggregate as early as embryonic day (E) 7.5, forming the ventral and dorsal aortas as well as th ...
... the external mural layer. Endothelial cell (EC) assembly takes place first. Within the mouse embryo, mesodermal progenitors give rise to the angioblast, an endothelial precursor. The angioblasts start to aggregate as early as embryonic day (E) 7.5, forming the ventral and dorsal aortas as well as th ...
Wounds: An Overview of the Role of Oxygen
... (76) and Medawar (58) demonstrated that the rate of epithelialization depends on local oxygen concentration in vivo. Topical oxygen (applied so that it does not dry out epithelial cells) has been advocated as a method to increase the rate of epithelialization (22). In contrast, O’Toole (65) demonstr ...
... (76) and Medawar (58) demonstrated that the rate of epithelialization depends on local oxygen concentration in vivo. Topical oxygen (applied so that it does not dry out epithelial cells) has been advocated as a method to increase the rate of epithelialization (22). In contrast, O’Toole (65) demonstr ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.