The influence of chronic stress on T cell immunity
... system is not operating autonomously but influences and is influenced by the central nervous system (CNS) through a complex, interacting network of nerves, hormones, and neuropeptides. This interaction is thought to serve as a mechanism to fine-tune many immune responses, for instance to prevent the ...
... system is not operating autonomously but influences and is influenced by the central nervous system (CNS) through a complex, interacting network of nerves, hormones, and neuropeptides. This interaction is thought to serve as a mechanism to fine-tune many immune responses, for instance to prevent the ...
Genomewide Analysis of PRC1 and PRC2 Occupancy Identifies
... cells. In both studies, the implicated gene sets were highly enriched for developmental transcription factors (TFs), many of which become de-repressed upon ES cell differentiation or in a PRC2deficient background. Concurrent studies of histone methylation in ES cells led to the unexpected finding th ...
... cells. In both studies, the implicated gene sets were highly enriched for developmental transcription factors (TFs), many of which become de-repressed upon ES cell differentiation or in a PRC2deficient background. Concurrent studies of histone methylation in ES cells led to the unexpected finding th ...
Systems-Wide Analysis of Acclimation Responses to Long
... photosynthetic activity. Photosystem II (PSII) is considered the most thermosensitive complex of the photosynthetic light reactions (Berry and Bjorkman, 1980). However, the temperatures at which PSII damage was observed often were not physiological and the reduced rates of photosynthesis at moderate ...
... photosynthetic activity. Photosystem II (PSII) is considered the most thermosensitive complex of the photosynthetic light reactions (Berry and Bjorkman, 1980). However, the temperatures at which PSII damage was observed often were not physiological and the reduced rates of photosynthesis at moderate ...
Chemical Microscopy Applied to Biological Systems
... in the biological sciences within the next few years. Selected Applications. The most common applications include the measurement of intracellular and organellar pH, the detection of reactive oxygen species, and the probing of ion concentration (such as calcium) in living cells. The first two applic ...
... in the biological sciences within the next few years. Selected Applications. The most common applications include the measurement of intracellular and organellar pH, the detection of reactive oxygen species, and the probing of ion concentration (such as calcium) in living cells. The first two applic ...
The effects of 405 nm light on bacterial membrane integrity
... Bacterial inactivation by 405 nm light is accredited to the photoexcitation of intracellular porphyrin molecules resulting in energy transfer and the generation of reactive oxygen species that impart cellular oxidative damage. The specific mechanism of cellular damage, however, is not fully understo ...
... Bacterial inactivation by 405 nm light is accredited to the photoexcitation of intracellular porphyrin molecules resulting in energy transfer and the generation of reactive oxygen species that impart cellular oxidative damage. The specific mechanism of cellular damage, however, is not fully understo ...
Rab-A2 and Rab-A3 GTPases Define a trans
... 2 online) indicated that the transgenes were expressed in a range of cell types and tissues. In brief, while RAB-A2c and -A2d were expressed in most cells, RAB-A2a and -A2b and RAB-A3 showed more restricted expression patterns. For instance, in the root tips, YFP:RAB-A3 was expressed exclusively in ...
... 2 online) indicated that the transgenes were expressed in a range of cell types and tissues. In brief, while RAB-A2c and -A2d were expressed in most cells, RAB-A2a and -A2b and RAB-A3 showed more restricted expression patterns. For instance, in the root tips, YFP:RAB-A3 was expressed exclusively in ...
Pathogenicity and Commensalism Recognition Contribute to Fungal
... suggesting that exposure to yeasts/fungi has been one of the major forces driving the evolution of the DC-mediated IR. Although much progress has been made in the study of the immune system under challenge from fungal pathogens, there remain numerous aspects of the tolerogenic response in fungi norm ...
... suggesting that exposure to yeasts/fungi has been one of the major forces driving the evolution of the DC-mediated IR. Although much progress has been made in the study of the immune system under challenge from fungal pathogens, there remain numerous aspects of the tolerogenic response in fungi norm ...
Biofuel cells and their development - ePrints Soton
... 1791), when it was discovered that current from a static electricity generator could cause a severed frog’s leg to twitch, revolutionising the understanding of the nervous system. The fuel cell has been known for almost as long, since Grove successfully reversed the action of the electrolysis of wat ...
... 1791), when it was discovered that current from a static electricity generator could cause a severed frog’s leg to twitch, revolutionising the understanding of the nervous system. The fuel cell has been known for almost as long, since Grove successfully reversed the action of the electrolysis of wat ...
Glucose-6-phosphate Metabolic Preferential Destinations
... Background: The oviduct is a dynamic organ which facilitates gamete function, fertilization and embryo development. This organ is covered by an epithelium containing ciliated and non-ciliated cells. Secretions of non-ciliated cells compose the oviduct fluid, which will nourish the early embryo. Duri ...
... Background: The oviduct is a dynamic organ which facilitates gamete function, fertilization and embryo development. This organ is covered by an epithelium containing ciliated and non-ciliated cells. Secretions of non-ciliated cells compose the oviduct fluid, which will nourish the early embryo. Duri ...
Interferon Gamma-Treated Keratinocytes Activate T Cells in the
... However, processing of the superantigen is not required, because formalin-fixed antigen-presenting cells and fibroblasts transfected with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -DR, -DQ, and -DP ate capable of presenting superantigen to T cells [14,17 - 18]. Given these observations, one would predict that a ...
... However, processing of the superantigen is not required, because formalin-fixed antigen-presenting cells and fibroblasts transfected with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -DR, -DQ, and -DP ate capable of presenting superantigen to T cells [14,17 - 18]. Given these observations, one would predict that a ...
Understanding Our Environment
... Transpiration occurs when water evaporates from the leaf surface. Guttation - Root pressure forces water out of hydathodes (openings at tip of leaf veins). Leaves are sealed off at the base of their petiole and drop during fall (abscission) ...
... Transpiration occurs when water evaporates from the leaf surface. Guttation - Root pressure forces water out of hydathodes (openings at tip of leaf veins). Leaves are sealed off at the base of their petiole and drop during fall (abscission) ...
NG2 glial cells integrate synaptic input in global and dendritic
... NG2 expressing glial cells (NG2 cells) are a large population of self-renewing cells present at ...
... NG2 expressing glial cells (NG2 cells) are a large population of self-renewing cells present at ...
Special Review
... and lipid constituents diffuse rapidly in an unrestricted fashion. Recent experimental evidence, however, reveals a far more complex membrane organization consisting of microdomains assembled from lipid constituents that have distinct biophysical characteristics. Such microdomains or “lipid rafts” a ...
... and lipid constituents diffuse rapidly in an unrestricted fashion. Recent experimental evidence, however, reveals a far more complex membrane organization consisting of microdomains assembled from lipid constituents that have distinct biophysical characteristics. Such microdomains or “lipid rafts” a ...
A REVIEW ON INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORK Review Article MURUGESH SHIVASHANKAR*
... Over 10 million people worldwide are blind due to corneal disease. Corneal transplantation is highly effective at treating this condition. Artificial corneas offer an alternative treatment that has potential for widespread, cost-effective distribution to patients. These devices come in two general c ...
... Over 10 million people worldwide are blind due to corneal disease. Corneal transplantation is highly effective at treating this condition. Artificial corneas offer an alternative treatment that has potential for widespread, cost-effective distribution to patients. These devices come in two general c ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... affected neither by incubation of the roots with purified flagella before incubation with the bacteria (Table 1) nor by addition of flagella during the attachment assay (data not shown). Taken together, these results demonstrate that flagella are not involved in attachment of R. leguminosarum and th ...
... affected neither by incubation of the roots with purified flagella before incubation with the bacteria (Table 1) nor by addition of flagella during the attachment assay (data not shown). Taken together, these results demonstrate that flagella are not involved in attachment of R. leguminosarum and th ...
1 - UvA-DARE - University of Amsterdam
... able to make multimers but cannot elongate. In contrast, GFAPδ cannot form homodimers and is therefore not able to form multimers or any other filamentous structure (Nielsen and Jorgensen, 2004), which results in a speckle-like expression pattern in IF-free cells. However, GFAPδ can form heterodimer ...
... able to make multimers but cannot elongate. In contrast, GFAPδ cannot form homodimers and is therefore not able to form multimers or any other filamentous structure (Nielsen and Jorgensen, 2004), which results in a speckle-like expression pattern in IF-free cells. However, GFAPδ can form heterodimer ...
Message in a bottle: small signalling peptide
... The mature, functional, secreted small signalling peptide is often perceived by a membrane-associated receptor and regulates a signal transduction pathway, but some are not secreted (Butenko et al., 2009; Matsuzaki et al., 2010; Matsubayashi, 2011; Murphy et al., 2012). To date, however, a mere hand ...
... The mature, functional, secreted small signalling peptide is often perceived by a membrane-associated receptor and regulates a signal transduction pathway, but some are not secreted (Butenko et al., 2009; Matsuzaki et al., 2010; Matsubayashi, 2011; Murphy et al., 2012). To date, however, a mere hand ...
New immunotherapies targeting the
... lung, and skin [2,7]. This tissue expression plays an important role in regulating immune responses in the periphery [11,12]. In addition to these normal tissues, PD-L1 is often overexpressed on cancers as a mechanism for the cancerous cells to avoid immune surveillance. It is most likely that PD-L1 ...
... lung, and skin [2,7]. This tissue expression plays an important role in regulating immune responses in the periphery [11,12]. In addition to these normal tissues, PD-L1 is often overexpressed on cancers as a mechanism for the cancerous cells to avoid immune surveillance. It is most likely that PD-L1 ...
Involvement of retinoic acid-inducible gene- BEAS-2B cells
... the corresponding mRNA (fig. 1a) in a concentration-dependent manner. The time course of RIG-I mRNA expression is shown in figure 2a. RIG-I mRNA expression was induced shortly after stimulation with 5 ng?mL-1 IFN-c and reached a maximal level in 2–4 h. IFN-c also induced expression of STAT1, IP-10 a ...
... the corresponding mRNA (fig. 1a) in a concentration-dependent manner. The time course of RIG-I mRNA expression is shown in figure 2a. RIG-I mRNA expression was induced shortly after stimulation with 5 ng?mL-1 IFN-c and reached a maximal level in 2–4 h. IFN-c also induced expression of STAT1, IP-10 a ...
Feasibility of using GFP‐expressing Escherichia coli, coupled with
... hourly for 8 h, then at 16, 20 and 24 h to determine the fate of the prey via the two indirect methods. The ¢rst involved monitoring the decrease in `free' prey over time via epi£uorescence microscopy (see Section 2.4). Samples were also stained with DAPI to determine any change in ciliate concentra ...
... hourly for 8 h, then at 16, 20 and 24 h to determine the fate of the prey via the two indirect methods. The ¢rst involved monitoring the decrease in `free' prey over time via epi£uorescence microscopy (see Section 2.4). Samples were also stained with DAPI to determine any change in ciliate concentra ...
4-3. Cell wall structure of E. coli and B. subtilis
... localized in a skin element, which is removed during the late stage of sporulation. CwlH is physiologically the only functional amidase in this family during the cell cycle, and the gene is transcribed by EσE during sporulation [79]. Mother cell lysis at the end of sporulation is carried out by CwlH ...
... localized in a skin element, which is removed during the late stage of sporulation. CwlH is physiologically the only functional amidase in this family during the cell cycle, and the gene is transcribed by EσE during sporulation [79]. Mother cell lysis at the end of sporulation is carried out by CwlH ...
Complex networks orchestrate epithelial–mesenchymal transitions
... mechanisms that cells use to regulate EMT. However, EMT is a dynamic process that involves many overlapping regulatory pathways as well as intra- and intercellular events, and interdisciplinary approaches are required to understand this complex regulation. For example, the dynamic formation and diss ...
... mechanisms that cells use to regulate EMT. However, EMT is a dynamic process that involves many overlapping regulatory pathways as well as intra- and intercellular events, and interdisciplinary approaches are required to understand this complex regulation. For example, the dynamic formation and diss ...
ApexCal - Ivoclar Vivadent
... Direct pulp capping is indicated when a small part of a clinically healthy pulp (< 1mm2) is accidentally exposed in non-carious dentin during cavity preparation [2,3]. The application of a highly alkaline calcium hydroxide preparation on the exposed pulp rapidly causes superficial tissue necrosis to ...
... Direct pulp capping is indicated when a small part of a clinically healthy pulp (< 1mm2) is accidentally exposed in non-carious dentin during cavity preparation [2,3]. The application of a highly alkaline calcium hydroxide preparation on the exposed pulp rapidly causes superficial tissue necrosis to ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.