Biological Kingdoms
... them different from other eukaryotic organisms. One of the main differences is that they are autotrophic, meaning they are able to make their own food using simple inorganic substances. They do this through a process known as photosynthesis, in which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxid ...
... them different from other eukaryotic organisms. One of the main differences is that they are autotrophic, meaning they are able to make their own food using simple inorganic substances. They do this through a process known as photosynthesis, in which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxid ...
Amidase overexpression - Duke Trinity College of Arts and Sciences
... outlines bold steps to slow the public health threat of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including efforts to stimulate innovative research. ...
... outlines bold steps to slow the public health threat of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including efforts to stimulate innovative research. ...
Unit A: the Science of Biology
... 2. What happens when cells do not respond to the signals that normally regulate their growth? Such cells, called cancer cells, divide uncontrollably and form masses of cells called tumors that can damage the surrounding tissues. 3. How do cells respond to contact with other cells? Normal cells respo ...
... 2. What happens when cells do not respond to the signals that normally regulate their growth? Such cells, called cancer cells, divide uncontrollably and form masses of cells called tumors that can damage the surrounding tissues. 3. How do cells respond to contact with other cells? Normal cells respo ...
meiosis
... to form offspring that are different from both parents. The parent cells are called sex cells or gametes. Sex cells are different from ordinary body cells. Human body cells have 46, or 23 pairs of, chromosomes. Chromosomes that carry the same sets of genes are called homologous (hoh MAHL uh ...
... to form offspring that are different from both parents. The parent cells are called sex cells or gametes. Sex cells are different from ordinary body cells. Human body cells have 46, or 23 pairs of, chromosomes. Chromosomes that carry the same sets of genes are called homologous (hoh MAHL uh ...
Intersections of lung progenitor cells, lung disease and lung cancer
... techniques or even to embryonic tissue grafts, which have revealed many key mechanisms of development [12, 13], makes it possible to assess differentiation at the single-cell level. Epithelial cells can be mixed with mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells or any type of cell one can imagine. Small mol ...
... techniques or even to embryonic tissue grafts, which have revealed many key mechanisms of development [12, 13], makes it possible to assess differentiation at the single-cell level. Epithelial cells can be mixed with mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells or any type of cell one can imagine. Small mol ...
Assembly of the phragmoplast microtubule array in plant cells Bo Liu
... Cytokinesis in plant cells occurs through the formation of cell plates including cell membranes and cell walls, from the interior to the periphery of the cell. These dynamic events are supported by a microtubule (MT)‐based structure, which is known as a phragmoplast. The phragmoplast is centrifuga ...
... Cytokinesis in plant cells occurs through the formation of cell plates including cell membranes and cell walls, from the interior to the periphery of the cell. These dynamic events are supported by a microtubule (MT)‐based structure, which is known as a phragmoplast. The phragmoplast is centrifuga ...
Lesson 3: Measuring Gene Expression
... Ask students to divide into groups of four and present the following challenge: “How do you think scien sts originally tested the ideas that differences in gene expression explain phenotype differ‐ ences among cell types and among cells of the same type in response to the environment? As a group, im ...
... Ask students to divide into groups of four and present the following challenge: “How do you think scien sts originally tested the ideas that differences in gene expression explain phenotype differ‐ ences among cell types and among cells of the same type in response to the environment? As a group, im ...
Testing at a Glance: Vaginal Wet Mount
... giving them a stippled or granular appearance. Borders are obscured or fuzzy because of the adherence of the bacteria. So many organisms may attach to a vaginal epithelial cell that its entire border is obscured. Clue cells will be lysed in KOHtreated specimens. Trichomonads are generally ovoid, sli ...
... giving them a stippled or granular appearance. Borders are obscured or fuzzy because of the adherence of the bacteria. So many organisms may attach to a vaginal epithelial cell that its entire border is obscured. Clue cells will be lysed in KOHtreated specimens. Trichomonads are generally ovoid, sli ...
What is a membrane potential?
... Patch Clamps measure “flickers” created by the opening and closing of an individual channel or channels! We often times determine the nature of a toxin by examining effects on membrane potentials with patch clamps. In the example below, the patch contains TWO channels, each opening at different tim ...
... Patch Clamps measure “flickers” created by the opening and closing of an individual channel or channels! We often times determine the nature of a toxin by examining effects on membrane potentials with patch clamps. In the example below, the patch contains TWO channels, each opening at different tim ...
Why the activity of a gene depends on its neighbors
... Which proteins might stabilize specific contacts? We begin with transcription factors because they provide the necessary specificity. Many factors (either acting alone, or complexed with others) are ‘bivalent’ in the sense that they (or the complex) can bind to two different segments of DNA to form ...
... Which proteins might stabilize specific contacts? We begin with transcription factors because they provide the necessary specificity. Many factors (either acting alone, or complexed with others) are ‘bivalent’ in the sense that they (or the complex) can bind to two different segments of DNA to form ...
Transport systems
... independent sporophyte phase – in non-vascular plants the sporophyte is smaller than the gametophyte and often nutritionally dependent on it. Now for the 1st time the sporophyte phase could produce tall, multiple spore-dispersing structures. Once the evolution had occurred, tracheophytes came to dom ...
... independent sporophyte phase – in non-vascular plants the sporophyte is smaller than the gametophyte and often nutritionally dependent on it. Now for the 1st time the sporophyte phase could produce tall, multiple spore-dispersing structures. Once the evolution had occurred, tracheophytes came to dom ...
A. diffuser
... _____ solution with a lower solute concentration (more water) _____ solution in which the solute concentration is the same _____ condition plant cells require _____ red blood cell bursts (cytolysis) _____ plant shrinks (Plasmolysis) _____ solution with a higher solute concentration (less water) ____ ...
... _____ solution with a lower solute concentration (more water) _____ solution in which the solute concentration is the same _____ condition plant cells require _____ red blood cell bursts (cytolysis) _____ plant shrinks (Plasmolysis) _____ solution with a higher solute concentration (less water) ____ ...
Single-celled Primary Producers
... – One longitudinal flagellum • Cell wall usually made from cellulose • Reproduce asexually by cell division – Produce water coloration due to blooms • Most photosynthetic with small chloroplasts • Important primary producers in warm water More Phylum Dinoflagellata • Certain genera (Noctiluca & Cera ...
... – One longitudinal flagellum • Cell wall usually made from cellulose • Reproduce asexually by cell division – Produce water coloration due to blooms • Most photosynthetic with small chloroplasts • Important primary producers in warm water More Phylum Dinoflagellata • Certain genera (Noctiluca & Cera ...
Single-celled Primary Producers Diversity of Primary Producers
... – One longitudinal flagellum • Cell wall usually made from cellulose • Reproduce asexually by cell division – Produce water coloration due to blooms • Most photosynthetic with small chloroplasts • Important primary producers in warm water More Phylum Dinoflagellata • Certain genera (Noctiluca & Cera ...
... – One longitudinal flagellum • Cell wall usually made from cellulose • Reproduce asexually by cell division – Produce water coloration due to blooms • Most photosynthetic with small chloroplasts • Important primary producers in warm water More Phylum Dinoflagellata • Certain genera (Noctiluca & Cera ...
What are Protists?
... Euglena are unicellular organisms that range from 15 to 500 micrometers (1/1000th of a millimeter) in size and live in quiet ponds or puddles. Euglena move by a flagellum (plural ‚ flagella), which is a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor. The flagellum is located on the anterior ...
... Euglena are unicellular organisms that range from 15 to 500 micrometers (1/1000th of a millimeter) in size and live in quiet ponds or puddles. Euglena move by a flagellum (plural ‚ flagella), which is a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor. The flagellum is located on the anterior ...
A system for functional analysis of Ebola virus glycoprotein
... densely arrayed spikes on the envelopes of both VSVDG*ResGP and VSVDG*-G virions, but VSVDG* virions were spikeless (Fig. 2A). Immunogold staining showed that a monoclonal antibody to ResGP bound to partially disrupted VSVDG*-ResGP virions (Fig. 2B Middle, at the upper right) but not to intact parti ...
... densely arrayed spikes on the envelopes of both VSVDG*ResGP and VSVDG*-G virions, but VSVDG* virions were spikeless (Fig. 2A). Immunogold staining showed that a monoclonal antibody to ResGP bound to partially disrupted VSVDG*-ResGP virions (Fig. 2B Middle, at the upper right) but not to intact parti ...
Bacterial Cell Morphogenesis Does Not Require a Preexisting
... teichoic acids (WTAs), is the major determinant of cell shape. It has long been debated whether the formation of new wall material or the transmission of shape from parent to daughter cells requires existing wall material as a template [1–3]. However, rigorous testing of this hypothesis has been pro ...
... teichoic acids (WTAs), is the major determinant of cell shape. It has long been debated whether the formation of new wall material or the transmission of shape from parent to daughter cells requires existing wall material as a template [1–3]. However, rigorous testing of this hypothesis has been pro ...
Millionaire Cells
... What material stores information about how an organism will grow and develop? ...
... What material stores information about how an organism will grow and develop? ...
Essential embryonic roles of the CKI-1 cyclin
... Following a phase of rapid proliferation, cells in developing embryos must decide when to cease division and then whether to survive and differentiate or instead undergo programmed death. In screens for genes that regulate embryonic patterning of the endoderm in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified ...
... Following a phase of rapid proliferation, cells in developing embryos must decide when to cease division and then whether to survive and differentiate or instead undergo programmed death. In screens for genes that regulate embryonic patterning of the endoderm in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified ...
Mapping the route from naive pluripotency to lineage specification
... (ICM) of the mature blastocyst around embryonic day (E) 4.0–4.5. Each epiblast cell is considered fully capable of engendering all lineages of the fetus: ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm and germline. This state of broad developmental plasticity has been called ‘naive pluripotency’ [1]. Epiblast cells i ...
... (ICM) of the mature blastocyst around embryonic day (E) 4.0–4.5. Each epiblast cell is considered fully capable of engendering all lineages of the fetus: ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm and germline. This state of broad developmental plasticity has been called ‘naive pluripotency’ [1]. Epiblast cells i ...
Immunocytochemistry of Rhamnogalacturonan II in Cell Walls of
... each). Germinating pollen tubes were fixed similarly except that the fixative was made in the germinating medium. The tissues were passed through an ethanol series and embedded in LR White resin (London Resin Co. Ltd., London) and polymerized in gelatin capsules overnight at 60°C. In some experiment ...
... each). Germinating pollen tubes were fixed similarly except that the fixative was made in the germinating medium. The tissues were passed through an ethanol series and embedded in LR White resin (London Resin Co. Ltd., London) and polymerized in gelatin capsules overnight at 60°C. In some experiment ...
Biology Pacing Guide
... Bio.2.2.1 Infer how human activities (including population growth, pollution, global warming, burning of fossil fuels, habitat destruction and introduction of nonnative species) may impact the environment. Bio.2.2.2 Explain how the use, protection and conservation of natural resources by humans impa ...
... Bio.2.2.1 Infer how human activities (including population growth, pollution, global warming, burning of fossil fuels, habitat destruction and introduction of nonnative species) may impact the environment. Bio.2.2.2 Explain how the use, protection and conservation of natural resources by humans impa ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.