Cilia and Flagella: The Basics
... Problem in basal body caused by genetically mutated cilia Numerous consequences, ranging from obesity to mental retardation ...
... Problem in basal body caused by genetically mutated cilia Numerous consequences, ranging from obesity to mental retardation ...
Evidence 14.docx
... People who lead very unhealthy lifestyles sometimes become ill but it is also clear that people can become ill despite leading a healthy lifestyle. Why? Therefore, rather than something being wrong with that person, perhaps something else changes the normal state of the body and causes disease. ...
... People who lead very unhealthy lifestyles sometimes become ill but it is also clear that people can become ill despite leading a healthy lifestyle. Why? Therefore, rather than something being wrong with that person, perhaps something else changes the normal state of the body and causes disease. ...
Memories M. Carrie Miceli May 17, 2002
... – stable pool of memory cells can persist for many years. – accelerated T cell responses seen upon re-exposure to antigen due to: • Increased frequency (5-100 fold increase) • Qualitative changes in memory T cells that allow them to respond faster and develop into effector cells more efficiently tha ...
... – stable pool of memory cells can persist for many years. – accelerated T cell responses seen upon re-exposure to antigen due to: • Increased frequency (5-100 fold increase) • Qualitative changes in memory T cells that allow them to respond faster and develop into effector cells more efficiently tha ...
Cajal bodies and coilin—moving towards function
... to direct sites of 2-O-methylation and psuedouridine formation on snRNAs (Jady and Kiss, 2001; Kiss, 2001; Darzacq et al., 2002). RNA modification is important for stable RNA function, and modification sites in snRNA and rRNA are conserved. The modification of snRNAs, at least in some cases, has be ...
... to direct sites of 2-O-methylation and psuedouridine formation on snRNAs (Jady and Kiss, 2001; Kiss, 2001; Darzacq et al., 2002). RNA modification is important for stable RNA function, and modification sites in snRNA and rRNA are conserved. The modification of snRNAs, at least in some cases, has be ...
Downloaded - Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
... about the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome. It seems that this type of retroviral infection could cause significant changes in the behaviour of the epithelial cells of exocrine glands, such as de novo expression of HLA-DR antigens, expression of La antigen on their surface, and heightened ...
... about the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome. It seems that this type of retroviral infection could cause significant changes in the behaviour of the epithelial cells of exocrine glands, such as de novo expression of HLA-DR antigens, expression of La antigen on their surface, and heightened ...
New Title - cloudfront.net
... cells, which fight the infection. Blood vessels near the wound expand, and white blood cells move from the vessels to enter the infected tissues. Many of these white blood cells are phagocytes, which engulf and destroy bacteria. The infected tissue may become swollen and painful. The inflammatory re ...
... cells, which fight the infection. Blood vessels near the wound expand, and white blood cells move from the vessels to enter the infected tissues. Many of these white blood cells are phagocytes, which engulf and destroy bacteria. The infected tissue may become swollen and painful. The inflammatory re ...
Characterization of the unusually rapid cell cycles
... Foe and Odell, 1989). The coordination of string expression and hence division results in an exquisitely choreographed pattern of mitoses during these three cycles that reflects developmental fates for the cells (Foe, 1989; Foe ...
... Foe and Odell, 1989). The coordination of string expression and hence division results in an exquisitely choreographed pattern of mitoses during these three cycles that reflects developmental fates for the cells (Foe, 1989; Foe ...
MyoD as a gatekeeper to cell cycle progression
... ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Phosphorylated MyoD is normally degraded in G2 but can be stabilized by adding a proteasome inhibitor to cells, indicating phosphorylation to be the key event responsible for MyoD degradation in G2. The authors further note that the half-life of the MyoD phosphorylation ...
... ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Phosphorylated MyoD is normally degraded in G2 but can be stabilized by adding a proteasome inhibitor to cells, indicating phosphorylation to be the key event responsible for MyoD degradation in G2. The authors further note that the half-life of the MyoD phosphorylation ...
Live-cell mass profiling: an emerging approach in
... essential for life, but the mechanisms that control cell size are still poorly understood1. A standard approach for measuring cell growth is to count the number of cells at different times as a measure of proliferation, taking into account concurrent cell death. Cell counting works well for exponent ...
... essential for life, but the mechanisms that control cell size are still poorly understood1. A standard approach for measuring cell growth is to count the number of cells at different times as a measure of proliferation, taking into account concurrent cell death. Cell counting works well for exponent ...
Dynamics of Ultrastructural Characters of Drosophyllum lusitanicum
... digestive gland of D. lusitanicum (Table 3). Based on the established correlation between the amount of RER and the rate of protein synthesis (Uchiyama and Saito, 1982; Nevorotin, 1992) one can assume that the unstimulated secretory cell of D. lusitanicum may elaborate per unit of time more hydrolas ...
... digestive gland of D. lusitanicum (Table 3). Based on the established correlation between the amount of RER and the rate of protein synthesis (Uchiyama and Saito, 1982; Nevorotin, 1992) one can assume that the unstimulated secretory cell of D. lusitanicum may elaborate per unit of time more hydrolas ...
Is the Loss of Stability Theory a Realistic Concept for Stress
... raised by some mysterious water pump, this would create a driving force for the extrusion of water, i.e. cell shrinkage followed by a readjustment of turgor to the previous level. The only condition for creating a DC for driving water influx is a decrease in turgor resulting from a decrease in wall ...
... raised by some mysterious water pump, this would create a driving force for the extrusion of water, i.e. cell shrinkage followed by a readjustment of turgor to the previous level. The only condition for creating a DC for driving water influx is a decrease in turgor resulting from a decrease in wall ...
Membrane Structure and Function
... requires of specific receptor proteins located in the cell membrane. Cell receptors interact with the molecule to be transported into the cell through a ligand — a molecule that binds specifically to the receptor Receptor-mediated endocytosis is highly specific. Human cells use receptor-mediated end ...
... requires of specific receptor proteins located in the cell membrane. Cell receptors interact with the molecule to be transported into the cell through a ligand — a molecule that binds specifically to the receptor Receptor-mediated endocytosis is highly specific. Human cells use receptor-mediated end ...
Chapter 1 The Study of Life/ Chapter 2
... What are the similarities between the different models used to quantify the growth of a population? What are the trends in human population growth? Describe the human population over the last 1000 years. ...
... What are the similarities between the different models used to quantify the growth of a population? What are the trends in human population growth? Describe the human population over the last 1000 years. ...
Decision of Spindle Poles and Division Plane by Double
... (MTs), begin to form and to surround the nucleus (Wick 1991, Mineyuki 1999, Hoshino et al. 2003). The determination of the site of cell division is thought to be achieved by the PPB. How1 ...
... (MTs), begin to form and to surround the nucleus (Wick 1991, Mineyuki 1999, Hoshino et al. 2003). The determination of the site of cell division is thought to be achieved by the PPB. How1 ...
pdf - University of California, San Francisco
... the gap in tubulin immunoreactivity), and persisted at this location into interphase (right panel). (B) Control cells (no RNAi) showing that Anillinpositive bridges connected pairs of cells throughout much of interphase (arrows). Note that Anillin accumulates in the nucleus as cells progress through ...
... the gap in tubulin immunoreactivity), and persisted at this location into interphase (right panel). (B) Control cells (no RNAi) showing that Anillinpositive bridges connected pairs of cells throughout much of interphase (arrows). Note that Anillin accumulates in the nucleus as cells progress through ...
Functional Characterization of Two Human Olfactory Receptors
... this issue. Due to limitations in heterologous expression, very few mammal ORs have been characterized, and so far only one is from human origin. Consequently, OR function still remains poorly understood, especially in humans, whose genome encodes a restricted chemosensory repertoire compared with m ...
... this issue. Due to limitations in heterologous expression, very few mammal ORs have been characterized, and so far only one is from human origin. Consequently, OR function still remains poorly understood, especially in humans, whose genome encodes a restricted chemosensory repertoire compared with m ...
Labeled Schwann cell transplantation
... main area of the transplant showed strong PLAP staining localized to spherical cells that lacked processes. At 8 days, PLAP1 cells had integrated into the spinal cord; long bipolar cells were in parallel arrays among host cells. By 14 days, PLAP1 cells were no longer found. A loss of PLAP1 SCs with ...
... main area of the transplant showed strong PLAP staining localized to spherical cells that lacked processes. At 8 days, PLAP1 cells had integrated into the spinal cord; long bipolar cells were in parallel arrays among host cells. By 14 days, PLAP1 cells were no longer found. A loss of PLAP1 SCs with ...
Nucleoids and coated vesicles of “Epulopiscium” spp.
... ter cells. For direct evidence of this proposed course of events it would, however, be necessary to examine Btypes from much earlier phases of the growth cycle than those represented in the samples that have been available to us. The DAPI preparations have also revealed instances of cells that had, ...
... ter cells. For direct evidence of this proposed course of events it would, however, be necessary to examine Btypes from much earlier phases of the growth cycle than those represented in the samples that have been available to us. The DAPI preparations have also revealed instances of cells that had, ...
How viruses damage cells: alterations in plasma
... Similarity to other pore forming agents If the action of haemolytic paramyxoviruses on cells is due to the induction of some kind of hydrophilic pore in the plasma membrane, then the sequence of events described above,—namely membrane depolarization, leakage of ions, leakage of phosphorylated metabo ...
... Similarity to other pore forming agents If the action of haemolytic paramyxoviruses on cells is due to the induction of some kind of hydrophilic pore in the plasma membrane, then the sequence of events described above,—namely membrane depolarization, leakage of ions, leakage of phosphorylated metabo ...
Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Transcription Factor NFATp
... TNF-␣, macrophages are the source of TNF-␣ in shock caused by LPS (7). Notably, TNF-␣ gene regulation by LPS in monocytes/macrophages is not dependent upon NFAT and LPS-stimulated TNF-␣ mRNA levels from NFATp⫹Ⲑ⫹ and NFATp⫺Ⲑ⫺ splenocytes are equivalent (15). Consistent with this observation, LPS trig ...
... TNF-␣, macrophages are the source of TNF-␣ in shock caused by LPS (7). Notably, TNF-␣ gene regulation by LPS in monocytes/macrophages is not dependent upon NFAT and LPS-stimulated TNF-␣ mRNA levels from NFATp⫹Ⲑ⫹ and NFATp⫺Ⲑ⫺ splenocytes are equivalent (15). Consistent with this observation, LPS trig ...
9) Senescence and programmed cell death (PCD)
... tissues, organs respond to it in the moment when their individual program gives the command. Signal „die now“ of particular cells can induce senescence in other cells. ...
... tissues, organs respond to it in the moment when their individual program gives the command. Signal „die now“ of particular cells can induce senescence in other cells. ...
Primordial germ cell migration - The International Journal of
... later fragilis expression has been 3). PGC motility appears random with respect to the body axes at this stage. PGCs circle the gut and/or move downregulated and PGCs have scattowards the anterior or posterior. (D) Betweeen E9.0 and E9.5, PGCs emerge from the dorsal side of the tered and moved into ...
... later fragilis expression has been 3). PGC motility appears random with respect to the body axes at this stage. PGCs circle the gut and/or move downregulated and PGCs have scattowards the anterior or posterior. (D) Betweeen E9.0 and E9.5, PGCs emerge from the dorsal side of the tered and moved into ...
The Cdk inhibitors p25rum1 and p40SIC1 are functional
... inhibitors (CKI). These are proteins that induce cell cycle arrest or delay in response to intracellular or extracellular signals. In mammalian cells, addition of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) arrests the cultures in late G1 (Laiho et al., 1990). A similar situation occurs in budding yeast aft ...
... inhibitors (CKI). These are proteins that induce cell cycle arrest or delay in response to intracellular or extracellular signals. In mammalian cells, addition of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) arrests the cultures in late G1 (Laiho et al., 1990). A similar situation occurs in budding yeast aft ...
Apoptosis: A mechanism for regulation of the cell complement of
... mately normal pattern. In an intact organism, necrosis is ingest these bodies. Macrophages are the "professional phagoprecipitated by stimuli which affect contiguous tracts of cells; cytes" removing apoptotic cells/bodies, but other cell types consequently there is usually sufficient tissue damage t ...
... mately normal pattern. In an intact organism, necrosis is ingest these bodies. Macrophages are the "professional phagoprecipitated by stimuli which affect contiguous tracts of cells; cytes" removing apoptotic cells/bodies, but other cell types consequently there is usually sufficient tissue damage t ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.