Stem Cells of the Adult Olfactory Epithelium
... including basal cells, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), nonneuronal supporting or sustentacular (Sus) cells, and Bowman duct/gland assemblies (3). The peripheral olfactory system is readily accessible and can be safely biopsied with minimal discomfort or risk, thereby offering a unique glimpse of a ...
... including basal cells, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), nonneuronal supporting or sustentacular (Sus) cells, and Bowman duct/gland assemblies (3). The peripheral olfactory system is readily accessible and can be safely biopsied with minimal discomfort or risk, thereby offering a unique glimpse of a ...
A View of the Cell
... van Leeuwenhoek saw in water. Others, like the plants and animals with which you are most familiar, are multicellular, or made up of many cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms. Although organisms such as humans, dogs, and trees can become very large and comp ...
... van Leeuwenhoek saw in water. Others, like the plants and animals with which you are most familiar, are multicellular, or made up of many cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms. Although organisms such as humans, dogs, and trees can become very large and comp ...
Electronic Student Book Chapter 1
... iving things need a suitable habitat that supplies their basic needs for oxygen, food, and water. They convert energy with these resources and carry out a variety of activities. Early doctors and scientists could only guess at how living things carried out these activities. They studied whole plants ...
... iving things need a suitable habitat that supplies their basic needs for oxygen, food, and water. They convert energy with these resources and carry out a variety of activities. Early doctors and scientists could only guess at how living things carried out these activities. They studied whole plants ...
Animal Biotechnology & Transgenic Animals
... disrupts cell membrane thus allows the entrance of DNA containing the transgene that was constructed with the genes of interest. • In this method a functional transgene can be integrated in the place of a dispensable gene in the genome of the ES cell. ...
... disrupts cell membrane thus allows the entrance of DNA containing the transgene that was constructed with the genes of interest. • In this method a functional transgene can be integrated in the place of a dispensable gene in the genome of the ES cell. ...
A novel role for 14–3–3s in regulating epithelial
... constituted depolarized structures (Fig. 3B,C). Following hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation, the 14–3–3s knockdown epithelial cells also exhibited an eightfold reduction in formation of polarized epithelial structures, and the structures they formed were more depolarized when compared with ...
... constituted depolarized structures (Fig. 3B,C). Following hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation, the 14–3–3s knockdown epithelial cells also exhibited an eightfold reduction in formation of polarized epithelial structures, and the structures they formed were more depolarized when compared with ...
PDF
... Specialized epithelial cells in the amphibian skin play important roles in ion transport, but how they arise developmentally is largely unknown. Here we show that proton-secreting cells (PSCs) differentiate in the X. laevis larval skin soon after gastrulation, based on the expression of a ‘kidney-sp ...
... Specialized epithelial cells in the amphibian skin play important roles in ion transport, but how they arise developmentally is largely unknown. Here we show that proton-secreting cells (PSCs) differentiate in the X. laevis larval skin soon after gastrulation, based on the expression of a ‘kidney-sp ...
S1 Topic 8 The Basic Structure of a Cell
... students understand the meanings. Where necessary, further diagrams should be used as illustration. ...
... students understand the meanings. Where necessary, further diagrams should be used as illustration. ...
Macroscopic stiffening of embryonic tissues via
... cell rearrangement during gastrulation is regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Cell or tissue response to chemotactic signals or activation of the PCP pathway depends both on specific details of the molecular programs, as well as on the mechanical context in which they play out (Davi ...
... cell rearrangement during gastrulation is regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Cell or tissue response to chemotactic signals or activation of the PCP pathway depends both on specific details of the molecular programs, as well as on the mechanical context in which they play out (Davi ...
Allelic variants of glutathione S-transferase P1
... Pi (GSTP). The GSTP gene is polymorphic in humans, with the wild-type GSTP1-1 A (Ile105, Ala114) and three variants: GSTP1-1B (Ile105Val, Ala114), GSTP1-1C (Ile105Val, Ala114Val), and GSTP1-1D (Ile105, Ala114Val). The focus of this study was to determine the influence of these polymorphisms on Prdx6 ...
... Pi (GSTP). The GSTP gene is polymorphic in humans, with the wild-type GSTP1-1 A (Ile105, Ala114) and three variants: GSTP1-1B (Ile105Val, Ala114), GSTP1-1C (Ile105Val, Ala114Val), and GSTP1-1D (Ile105, Ala114Val). The focus of this study was to determine the influence of these polymorphisms on Prdx6 ...
Examining the link between chromosomal instability and aneuploidy
... cells, and these were lagging chromatids at anaphase and chromatin bridges. Similar frequencies of these mitotic errors are observed in fixed cells that did not express GFP–histone H2B (7.2 ± 1.6% [SEM], n = 400), demonstrating that the video results are representative (Fig. S1 A). Chromosomes in th ...
... cells, and these were lagging chromatids at anaphase and chromatin bridges. Similar frequencies of these mitotic errors are observed in fixed cells that did not express GFP–histone H2B (7.2 ± 1.6% [SEM], n = 400), demonstrating that the video results are representative (Fig. S1 A). Chromosomes in th ...
Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
... Searching can expose individuals to predators, diseases, or harsh environmental conditions Fertilization cannot take place during pregnancy, which can last as long as 2 years for some mammals. ...
... Searching can expose individuals to predators, diseases, or harsh environmental conditions Fertilization cannot take place during pregnancy, which can last as long as 2 years for some mammals. ...
An Improved cDNA Library Generation Protocol for Transcriptome
... A new SMARTer Ultra Low kit has been developed that is simpler and faster while improving the quality and yield of the cDNA produced. The full-length cDNA from this method may be used as a template for library sample preparation for Ion Torrent and Illumina® NGS platforms. Sequencing results for lib ...
... A new SMARTer Ultra Low kit has been developed that is simpler and faster while improving the quality and yield of the cDNA produced. The full-length cDNA from this method may be used as a template for library sample preparation for Ion Torrent and Illumina® NGS platforms. Sequencing results for lib ...
The Regulation of Glutaminolysis and Citric Acid Cycle Activity
... intracellular metabolite pools: - firstly, the dilution of intracellular metabolites, which was neglected as it was a few magnitudes smaller than the actual flux rates secondly, the implementation of cell number-based enzyme activities and maximum in vitro enzyme activities. In particular, the relat ...
... intracellular metabolite pools: - firstly, the dilution of intracellular metabolites, which was neglected as it was a few magnitudes smaller than the actual flux rates secondly, the implementation of cell number-based enzyme activities and maximum in vitro enzyme activities. In particular, the relat ...
New Insights of Transmembranal Mechanism and Subcellular
... the presence of an electrical potential. For example, nanotube migration in gel electrophoresis medium upon application of a DC electric field has been extensively reported.19 Specifically, when the nanotubes are charged by association of covalent or noncovalent functionalities, the mobility is grea ...
... the presence of an electrical potential. For example, nanotube migration in gel electrophoresis medium upon application of a DC electric field has been extensively reported.19 Specifically, when the nanotubes are charged by association of covalent or noncovalent functionalities, the mobility is grea ...
Research Area - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
... appreciate that non-coding, small RNA’s including microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of genomes and genes. Major effects of miRNA’s are to destabilize mRNA and to inhibit protein translation, but there are also examples of miRNA positive regulation of transcription. In any case, a regulatory ...
... appreciate that non-coding, small RNA’s including microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of genomes and genes. Major effects of miRNA’s are to destabilize mRNA and to inhibit protein translation, but there are also examples of miRNA positive regulation of transcription. In any case, a regulatory ...
Bacterial Virulence Factors and Rho GTPases - beck
... families: Ras, Rho, Rab, Sar1/Arf, and Ran [16]. Each family has generalized functions that are essential for normal cellular functions, including signaling, cytoskeletal rearrangements, vesicle targeting, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and microtubule organization (Table 1). (For a very comprehensive ...
... families: Ras, Rho, Rab, Sar1/Arf, and Ran [16]. Each family has generalized functions that are essential for normal cellular functions, including signaling, cytoskeletal rearrangements, vesicle targeting, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and microtubule organization (Table 1). (For a very comprehensive ...
20121014193054_DVL_2
... as well as around the incisors. The capacity of de novo tooth formation was, however, reduced during aging and in 10 months old mice teeth were induced mainly from the epithelium of the continuously growing incisors (XiuPing Wang, personal communication). It is conceivable that there is very little ...
... as well as around the incisors. The capacity of de novo tooth formation was, however, reduced during aging and in 10 months old mice teeth were induced mainly from the epithelium of the continuously growing incisors (XiuPing Wang, personal communication). It is conceivable that there is very little ...
Chapter 11 General Apicomplexan Biology
... dense granules are concentrated at the apical end and appear to play a role in invasion. Life cycle phases. The apicomplexa have complex life cycles that are characterized by three distinct processes: sporogony, merogony and gametogony (Figure 11.2). Although most apicomplexa exhibit this overall ge ...
... dense granules are concentrated at the apical end and appear to play a role in invasion. Life cycle phases. The apicomplexa have complex life cycles that are characterized by three distinct processes: sporogony, merogony and gametogony (Figure 11.2). Although most apicomplexa exhibit this overall ge ...
The CENP-O complex requirement varies among different cell types
... CENP-O, CENP-P, CENP-Q, and CENP-U proteins formed a stable complex that could associate with CENPR (Hori et al. 2008b). Thus, we concluded that CENP-O, CENP-P, CENP-Q, and CENP-U proteins formed a stable complex and that CENP-R functioned downstream of these four proteins. Based on immunofluorescen ...
... CENP-O, CENP-P, CENP-Q, and CENP-U proteins formed a stable complex that could associate with CENPR (Hori et al. 2008b). Thus, we concluded that CENP-O, CENP-P, CENP-Q, and CENP-U proteins formed a stable complex and that CENP-R functioned downstream of these four proteins. Based on immunofluorescen ...
Ring, helix, sphere and cylinder: the basic geometry of prokaryotic
... confers rigidity to this structure. These enzymes are penicillinbinding proteins (PBPs) and belong to the SxxK superfamily of serine proteases. Class A SxxK peptidases act independently, whereas class B associate with either glycosyl transferases or acyl transferases. This latter class also associat ...
... confers rigidity to this structure. These enzymes are penicillinbinding proteins (PBPs) and belong to the SxxK superfamily of serine proteases. Class A SxxK peptidases act independently, whereas class B associate with either glycosyl transferases or acyl transferases. This latter class also associat ...
Text S1.
... frame predominates (Fig. 2). Several independent methods of analysis showed that the tendency for concordant frame-specific responses increased with shorter timescales of analysis, consistent with the observation that the ensemble rapidly alternates between the spatial frames being represented at a ...
... frame predominates (Fig. 2). Several independent methods of analysis showed that the tendency for concordant frame-specific responses increased with shorter timescales of analysis, consistent with the observation that the ensemble rapidly alternates between the spatial frames being represented at a ...
Ice Adhesions in Relation to Freeze Stress1
... which draws hydrophilic substances into interactions where competition occurs for structuring of the remaining liquid water; and (c) energy of adhesion. The first two factors have been discussed frequently. The third factor, adhesion, requires some explanation. In liquid water, the potential energy ...
... which draws hydrophilic substances into interactions where competition occurs for structuring of the remaining liquid water; and (c) energy of adhesion. The first two factors have been discussed frequently. The third factor, adhesion, requires some explanation. In liquid water, the potential energy ...
Section 16.1 What Is Cancer?
... – Cancer is caused predominantly by mutations in somatic cells, only1 percent are germ-line mutations. – Rarely arises from a single mutation but from accumulation of mutations in many genes – The mutated genes can affect multiple cellular functions such as – repair of damaged DNA, – cell cycle or c ...
... – Cancer is caused predominantly by mutations in somatic cells, only1 percent are germ-line mutations. – Rarely arises from a single mutation but from accumulation of mutations in many genes – The mutated genes can affect multiple cellular functions such as – repair of damaged DNA, – cell cycle or c ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.