Abstract Infection of plants by Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV
... formation induced damages of the ultrastructure below a depth of 30–40 and 50– 70 μm, respectively (Zechmann et al., 2005). After entering leaves through wounds, cracks or injection by aphids ZYMV replicates and moves from cell to cell through plasmodesmata until it reaches sieve elements. Systemic ...
... formation induced damages of the ultrastructure below a depth of 30–40 and 50– 70 μm, respectively (Zechmann et al., 2005). After entering leaves through wounds, cracks or injection by aphids ZYMV replicates and moves from cell to cell through plasmodesmata until it reaches sieve elements. Systemic ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Elongator mutations confer resistance to
... in the presence of the purine analogue caffeine and the ¯uorochrome Calco¯uor White, a cell wall poison with high af®nity for yeast cell wall chitin (Hampsey, 1997). As compared with wild-type strain LS20, all totD cells were hypersensitive towards Calco¯uor White, indicative of a cell wall defect ( ...
... in the presence of the purine analogue caffeine and the ¯uorochrome Calco¯uor White, a cell wall poison with high af®nity for yeast cell wall chitin (Hampsey, 1997). As compared with wild-type strain LS20, all totD cells were hypersensitive towards Calco¯uor White, indicative of a cell wall defect ( ...
Embryonic stem cells form an organized, functional - AJP
... University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana Submitted 19 August 2004; accepted in final form 5 October 2004 ...
... University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana Submitted 19 August 2004; accepted in final form 5 October 2004 ...
Cell cycle`s deregulation and cardiovascular diseases
... family known as cyclindependent kinases that can modify various protein substrates involved in cell cycle progression. ...
... family known as cyclindependent kinases that can modify various protein substrates involved in cell cycle progression. ...
ELI1 regulates cell expansion and secondary wall
... cellular contents (Wardrop, 1981; O’Brien, 1981). The expression of specific genes associated with different stages of xylogenesis has been catalogued in differentiating Zinnia mesophyll cells. For example, genes encoding proteins involved in remodeling the endomembrane system in preparation for sec ...
... cellular contents (Wardrop, 1981; O’Brien, 1981). The expression of specific genes associated with different stages of xylogenesis has been catalogued in differentiating Zinnia mesophyll cells. For example, genes encoding proteins involved in remodeling the endomembrane system in preparation for sec ...
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
... Eukaryotic Cell Structures Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as ...
... Eukaryotic Cell Structures Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as ...
Life under pressure: hydrostatic pressure in cell growth and function
... Box 1. What drives plant cell growth – cell wall loosening or osmotic pressure? There is agreement that both cell wall properties and turgor pressure have roles in growth, but there is disagreement about what drives the initial event of cell enlargement. Current theory considers that cell wall loose ...
... Box 1. What drives plant cell growth – cell wall loosening or osmotic pressure? There is agreement that both cell wall properties and turgor pressure have roles in growth, but there is disagreement about what drives the initial event of cell enlargement. Current theory considers that cell wall loose ...
Actomyosin-based Self-organization of cell internalization during C. elegans gastrulation Open Access
... for endoderm internalization [10], it has also been shown that mesodermal cells extend over the endoderm, indicating that neighboring cells might actively contribute to internalization [10,21]. How the surrounding tissues and the internalizing cells are coordinated to achieve internalization is not ...
... for endoderm internalization [10], it has also been shown that mesodermal cells extend over the endoderm, indicating that neighboring cells might actively contribute to internalization [10,21]. How the surrounding tissues and the internalizing cells are coordinated to achieve internalization is not ...
Mycology INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY
... it persists throughout the metaphase of mitosis unlike in plant and animal cells where it dissolves and re-forms. ...
... it persists throughout the metaphase of mitosis unlike in plant and animal cells where it dissolves and re-forms. ...
Your Organelle is Running for the
... plant cells. During photosynthesis you convert sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, into sugar and oxygen gas! ...
... plant cells. During photosynthesis you convert sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, into sugar and oxygen gas! ...
Extracellular Matrix Components Regulate Cellular Polarity and
... mediated by transmembrane cell surface receptors which connect the cell’s cytoskeleton with the extracellular environment, leading to the formation of site-specific focal adhesions.[11,12] The extracellular cues established by binding of cells to the ECM are propagated to the nucleus from the cell s ...
... mediated by transmembrane cell surface receptors which connect the cell’s cytoskeleton with the extracellular environment, leading to the formation of site-specific focal adhesions.[11,12] The extracellular cues established by binding of cells to the ECM are propagated to the nucleus from the cell s ...
Origin and shaping of the laterality organ in zebrafish
... extra-embryonic fates. Live multi-photon confocal imaging reveals that surface epithelial cells undergo Nodal/TGFβ signallingdependent ingression at the dorsal germ ring margin prior to gastrulation, to give rise to dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs), the precursors of KV. DFCs then migrate attached to ...
... extra-embryonic fates. Live multi-photon confocal imaging reveals that surface epithelial cells undergo Nodal/TGFβ signallingdependent ingression at the dorsal germ ring margin prior to gastrulation, to give rise to dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs), the precursors of KV. DFCs then migrate attached to ...
EAMCET - Botany - Sakshieducation.com
... Arnon and Stout’s 3critaria are 1. An essential element must be involved in growth and reproduction of plant. 2. Its functions should not be carried out by some other element. 3. The element must be involved in metabolism. By following these criteria, 17 elements were found as essential. They are C, ...
... Arnon and Stout’s 3critaria are 1. An essential element must be involved in growth and reproduction of plant. 2. Its functions should not be carried out by some other element. 3. The element must be involved in metabolism. By following these criteria, 17 elements were found as essential. They are C, ...
Cortical cell fate specification
... within the embryonic and postnatal cortical environment could influence the differentiation of cortical cells, they did not reveal whether these signals act upon dividing progenitor cells or upon newly postmitotic cells. To specifically examine the influence of the cortical environment on dividing p ...
... within the embryonic and postnatal cortical environment could influence the differentiation of cortical cells, they did not reveal whether these signals act upon dividing progenitor cells or upon newly postmitotic cells. To specifically examine the influence of the cortical environment on dividing p ...
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH NAME: Yoo, Soonmoon eRA COMMONS
... 3. Neurons in CNS have little capacity for regeneration but PNS neurons show significant morphologic/ functional recovery after injury. However, it is still unclear what causes the differences between these neurons and how this must be solved for successful regeneration of CNS nerve. By focusing on ...
... 3. Neurons in CNS have little capacity for regeneration but PNS neurons show significant morphologic/ functional recovery after injury. However, it is still unclear what causes the differences between these neurons and how this must be solved for successful regeneration of CNS nerve. By focusing on ...
Supplemental figs
... and GUS values from siRNA-treated samples were compared to same values from their respective control samples by performing a two-tailed paired t-test for each pair. The values from treated samples do not significantly differ from control values, with the exception of GUS mRNA after transfection with ...
... and GUS values from siRNA-treated samples were compared to same values from their respective control samples by performing a two-tailed paired t-test for each pair. The values from treated samples do not significantly differ from control values, with the exception of GUS mRNA after transfection with ...
PowerPoint
... Short Tutorial on Causes of Position Differences… …and what we can do about them (most slides stolen from Cates PAVI ’04 talk) ...
... Short Tutorial on Causes of Position Differences… …and what we can do about them (most slides stolen from Cates PAVI ’04 talk) ...
The endoplasmic reticulum exerts control over organelle streaming
... organelles with the largest membrane extension and it is in close vicinity to the other organelles (Fig. S3). The evidence proposed above that ER streaming does not entirely depend on the cytoskeleton (Fig. 2C) prompted us to test whether the ER network has a bearing on the motility of other organel ...
... organelles with the largest membrane extension and it is in close vicinity to the other organelles (Fig. S3). The evidence proposed above that ER streaming does not entirely depend on the cytoskeleton (Fig. 2C) prompted us to test whether the ER network has a bearing on the motility of other organel ...
Chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells.
... These bCSC had the same properties of self-renewal and differentiation when compared to CSC [32]. This detoxifying enzyme oxidizes aldehydes to form carboxylic acids. ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 play a critical role in the self-protection and differentiation of stem cells through the conversion of retinol t ...
... These bCSC had the same properties of self-renewal and differentiation when compared to CSC [32]. This detoxifying enzyme oxidizes aldehydes to form carboxylic acids. ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 play a critical role in the self-protection and differentiation of stem cells through the conversion of retinol t ...
Cell adhesion and phagocytosis promoted by monoclonal
... spreading, then it seems likely that cell adhesion receptors will turn out to be a limited subset of cell surface components. Alternatively, if direct transmembrane interactions between cell surface receptors and the cytoskeleton are not required for cell spreading, then it may be that almost any ce ...
... spreading, then it seems likely that cell adhesion receptors will turn out to be a limited subset of cell surface components. Alternatively, if direct transmembrane interactions between cell surface receptors and the cytoskeleton are not required for cell spreading, then it may be that almost any ce ...
At work: Finding out about Amoeba Copymaster Information Finding
... If amoeba comes upon food, e.g. bacteria or other small single-celled organisms, it uses its pseudopodia to flow around the food and form a food vacuole7 around it. Chemicals in the cytoplasm then taken up by single-celled the cytoplasm. There are always several food break down the food, and thee.g. ...
... If amoeba comes upon food, e.g. bacteria or other small single-celled organisms, it uses its pseudopodia to flow around the food and form a food vacuole7 around it. Chemicals in the cytoplasm then taken up by single-celled the cytoplasm. There are always several food break down the food, and thee.g. ...
stem
... The stem is more complex than root: Presence of nodes and internodes; Terminal bud produces leaves, flowers and axillary buds giving branches (root apex does not produce lateral organs). The stem functions as support and conducting; sometimes also as storage and photosynthetic organ. Leaves ar ...
... The stem is more complex than root: Presence of nodes and internodes; Terminal bud produces leaves, flowers and axillary buds giving branches (root apex does not produce lateral organs). The stem functions as support and conducting; sometimes also as storage and photosynthetic organ. Leaves ar ...
Cancer stem cell definitions and terminology: the devil is - e
... hierarchies have thus been powerful tools that enable direct analyses of changes that accompany, or that are even part of, the normal differentiation process. However, as yet, in no instance has a profile been identified that can reliably replace functional assays for normal stem cells. It should al ...
... hierarchies have thus been powerful tools that enable direct analyses of changes that accompany, or that are even part of, the normal differentiation process. However, as yet, in no instance has a profile been identified that can reliably replace functional assays for normal stem cells. It should al ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.