The Arabidopsis Callose Synthase Gene GSL8 Is
... functions in callose deposition after injury and pathogen treatment is GSL5 (Jacobs et al., 2003). Five other members of the Arabidopsis GSL family are required for microgametogenesis. GSL1 and GSL5 act redundantly to produce a callosic wall that prevents microspore degeneration, and both are needed ...
... functions in callose deposition after injury and pathogen treatment is GSL5 (Jacobs et al., 2003). Five other members of the Arabidopsis GSL family are required for microgametogenesis. GSL1 and GSL5 act redundantly to produce a callosic wall that prevents microspore degeneration, and both are needed ...
Calcium Imaging and Electron Microscopy by Response to Antigen
... the redistribution of surface molecules (19). The intracellular signaling events required for these earliest responses are to a large extent undetermined. In a previous work we have begun to characterize the signaling pathway linking Ag recognition to T cell membrane ruffling and Ca2⫹ increase in mu ...
... the redistribution of surface molecules (19). The intracellular signaling events required for these earliest responses are to a large extent undetermined. In a previous work we have begun to characterize the signaling pathway linking Ag recognition to T cell membrane ruffling and Ca2⫹ increase in mu ...
PULP
... layers of blood vessels as well. Decrease in the size of pulp. Plaques may appear in pulpal vessels. Calcifications in the walls of blood vessels is found most often in the region near the apical foramen. ...
... layers of blood vessels as well. Decrease in the size of pulp. Plaques may appear in pulpal vessels. Calcifications in the walls of blood vessels is found most often in the region near the apical foramen. ...
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
... and cell membranes of archaebacteria are different from the cell walls of other organisms. And some archaebacteria live in places where no other organisms could live. Three types of archaebacteria are heat-loving, salt-loving, and methane-making. Methane is a kind of gas frequently found in swamps. ...
... and cell membranes of archaebacteria are different from the cell walls of other organisms. And some archaebacteria live in places where no other organisms could live. Three types of archaebacteria are heat-loving, salt-loving, and methane-making. Methane is a kind of gas frequently found in swamps. ...
3-4 Teacher
... Transforming Animal Cells Many egg cells are large enough that DNA can be directly injected into the nucleus. ...
... Transforming Animal Cells Many egg cells are large enough that DNA can be directly injected into the nucleus. ...
FoxF is essential for FGF-induced migration of heart
... knock-down showed that Mesp activity is required for both TVC migration in the embryo and cardiomyocyte differentiation during metamorphosis (Satou et al., 2004). In addition, ascidian orthologs of the conserved heart specification genes NK-4 (tinman/Nkx2.5), GATA-a (pannier/GATA4/5/6), Hand and Han ...
... knock-down showed that Mesp activity is required for both TVC migration in the embryo and cardiomyocyte differentiation during metamorphosis (Satou et al., 2004). In addition, ascidian orthologs of the conserved heart specification genes NK-4 (tinman/Nkx2.5), GATA-a (pannier/GATA4/5/6), Hand and Han ...
Chapter 3 PowerPoint
... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins. • Golgi Apparatus- process, sort & deliver proteins • Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials until it is ready for use. ...
... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins. • Golgi Apparatus- process, sort & deliver proteins • Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials until it is ready for use. ...
Development of definitive endoderm from embryonic
... Summary The cellular and molecular events regulating the induction and tissue-specific differentiation of endoderm are central to our understanding of the development and function of many organ systems. To define and characterize key components in this process, we have investigated the potential of ...
... Summary The cellular and molecular events regulating the induction and tissue-specific differentiation of endoderm are central to our understanding of the development and function of many organ systems. To define and characterize key components in this process, we have investigated the potential of ...
Knocking on the heaven`s wall: pathogenesis of and resistance to
... pathogen effectors by race-specific resistance genes [23]. It remains to be tested whether the cell death in pen mutants responding to Bgh is mechanistically similar or dissimilar to the HR. PEN1 encodes a plasma-membrane-resident syntaxin and represents one of 24 sequence-related family members in ...
... pathogen effectors by race-specific resistance genes [23]. It remains to be tested whether the cell death in pen mutants responding to Bgh is mechanistically similar or dissimilar to the HR. PEN1 encodes a plasma-membrane-resident syntaxin and represents one of 24 sequence-related family members in ...
Biology, 7e (Campbell)
... B) The lack of internal membranes means that prokaryotes cannot compartmentalize function to the same extent as eukaryotes. C) All membrane function in prokaryotes is accomplished in the plasma membrane, while in eukaryotes, these functions are more distributed among the organelles. D) The specializ ...
... B) The lack of internal membranes means that prokaryotes cannot compartmentalize function to the same extent as eukaryotes. C) All membrane function in prokaryotes is accomplished in the plasma membrane, while in eukaryotes, these functions are more distributed among the organelles. D) The specializ ...
Evidence for a non-replicative intracellular stage of
... analyse the uptake of bacteria by endocytosis, by addition of this fluid endocytic marker into the medium at the onset of infection; (ii) given that endocytosed TR-dextran is delivered to and retained by endocytic compartments, it was independently used to label lysosomes in a pulse– chase assay. Br ...
... analyse the uptake of bacteria by endocytosis, by addition of this fluid endocytic marker into the medium at the onset of infection; (ii) given that endocytosed TR-dextran is delivered to and retained by endocytic compartments, it was independently used to label lysosomes in a pulse– chase assay. Br ...
fine structure and morphogenic movements in the
... The blastoporal groove of the early gastrula of the treefrog, Hyla regilla, was examined with the electron microscope. The innermost extension of the groove is lined with invaginating flask- and wedge-shaped cells of entoderm and mesoderm. The distal surfaces of these cells bear microvilli which are ...
... The blastoporal groove of the early gastrula of the treefrog, Hyla regilla, was examined with the electron microscope. The innermost extension of the groove is lined with invaginating flask- and wedge-shaped cells of entoderm and mesoderm. The distal surfaces of these cells bear microvilli which are ...
Links between apoptosis, proliferation and the cell cycle (PDF
... apoptosis. This hypothesis is supported by radiolabelled iron ferrokinetic studies in hypertransfused mice that showed continued production of erythroid progenitor cells but no increase in their number, indicating the direct involvement of apoptosis in this situation.5 As both hypotheses involve cha ...
... apoptosis. This hypothesis is supported by radiolabelled iron ferrokinetic studies in hypertransfused mice that showed continued production of erythroid progenitor cells but no increase in their number, indicating the direct involvement of apoptosis in this situation.5 As both hypotheses involve cha ...
Growth Control: A Saga of Cell Walls, ROS, and
... The identification of RALF1 as a FER ligand raises the question how the signal is transduced. Exposure to RALF1 leads to a rapid FER-dependent intracellular Ca2+ increase (Haruta et al., 2014). However, it is at present unclear whether this is mediated by RAC/ROP signaling or whether it depends on RA ...
... The identification of RALF1 as a FER ligand raises the question how the signal is transduced. Exposure to RALF1 leads to a rapid FER-dependent intracellular Ca2+ increase (Haruta et al., 2014). However, it is at present unclear whether this is mediated by RAC/ROP signaling or whether it depends on RA ...
Epigenetic Control of Germline Development
... in development. Examples of epigenetic phenomena include imprinting, X chromosome dosage compensation, and gene silencing. X chromosome dosage compensation mechanisms, for example, utilize chromatin modifications and noncoding RNAs to heritably inactivate one X chromosome in female placental mammals ...
... in development. Examples of epigenetic phenomena include imprinting, X chromosome dosage compensation, and gene silencing. X chromosome dosage compensation mechanisms, for example, utilize chromatin modifications and noncoding RNAs to heritably inactivate one X chromosome in female placental mammals ...
Q5D - ICH
... this is not available, literature references may be utilised. For human cell lines, it is relevant to describe the following characteristics of the original donor: Tissue or organ of origin, ethnic and geographical origin, age, sex and general physiological condition. If known, the state of health o ...
... this is not available, literature references may be utilised. For human cell lines, it is relevant to describe the following characteristics of the original donor: Tissue or organ of origin, ethnic and geographical origin, age, sex and general physiological condition. If known, the state of health o ...
In Vitro and in Vivo Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Macrolide
... 1979). Several possible mechanisms by which drugphospholipid interactions can interfere with phospholipid metabolism have been proposed (Hostetler, 1984; Joshi and Mehendale, 1989; Ltillmann-Rauch, 1979; Reasor, 1989). Current theories suggest that lysoj-omal phospholipase activities may be inhibite ...
... 1979). Several possible mechanisms by which drugphospholipid interactions can interfere with phospholipid metabolism have been proposed (Hostetler, 1984; Joshi and Mehendale, 1989; Ltillmann-Rauch, 1979; Reasor, 1989). Current theories suggest that lysoj-omal phospholipase activities may be inhibite ...
Permanent cell cycle exit in G2 phase after DNA damage in normal
... H1 kinase activity and cyclin autophosphorylation were ef®ciently blocked by both drugs, even in the presence of nocodazole, which was added to `trap' the cells in mitosis (Figure 3B). Molecular mechanisms underlying Cdk inactivation were assessed by immunoblot analysis of corresponding cyclin immun ...
... H1 kinase activity and cyclin autophosphorylation were ef®ciently blocked by both drugs, even in the presence of nocodazole, which was added to `trap' the cells in mitosis (Figure 3B). Molecular mechanisms underlying Cdk inactivation were assessed by immunoblot analysis of corresponding cyclin immun ...
Ch 11 Slides - people.iup.edu
... • The binding between a signal molecule (ligand) and receptor is highly specific • A shape change in a receptor is often the initial transduction of the signal • Most signal receptors are plasma membrane ...
... • The binding between a signal molecule (ligand) and receptor is highly specific • A shape change in a receptor is often the initial transduction of the signal • Most signal receptors are plasma membrane ...
Origin of muscle satellite cells in the Xenopus embryo
... quiescent in the adult. They are small cells lying beneath the basement membrane surrounding the multinucleate muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle does not show continuous cell turnover in the adult organism but following muscle damage satellite cells become reactivated. They are then released from the m ...
... quiescent in the adult. They are small cells lying beneath the basement membrane surrounding the multinucleate muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle does not show continuous cell turnover in the adult organism but following muscle damage satellite cells become reactivated. They are then released from the m ...
Response of Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells to Influenza
... multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 7 plaque forming units (PFU) per cell. An equivalent number of C13/N15-heavy cells were mock infected as a control using only gel saline. Previous studies indicate the small amount of egg protein makes no significant measurable contribution to results or conclusions ...
... multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 7 plaque forming units (PFU) per cell. An equivalent number of C13/N15-heavy cells were mock infected as a control using only gel saline. Previous studies indicate the small amount of egg protein makes no significant measurable contribution to results or conclusions ...
Cell Cycle Regulation of the Activity and Subcellular Localization of
... monoclonal antibodies, Plkl was found to be diffusely distributed throughout interphase cells; in dividing cells, however, a striking association with postmitotic bridges was noted, suggesting that Plkl might be discarded at the end of mitosis through shedding of the midbody into the culture medium ...
... monoclonal antibodies, Plkl was found to be diffusely distributed throughout interphase cells; in dividing cells, however, a striking association with postmitotic bridges was noted, suggesting that Plkl might be discarded at the end of mitosis through shedding of the midbody into the culture medium ...
- Wiley Online Library
... rests upon Ca2+-dependent second messenger systems, and cytoplasmic Ca2+ is elevated following different kinds of mechanical stimulus (Haley et al. 1995). In Trewavas’ model (Trewavas 1999a,b), each kind of stimulus elicits a unique Ca2+ signal with distinct topology. The electrophysiology of mechan ...
... rests upon Ca2+-dependent second messenger systems, and cytoplasmic Ca2+ is elevated following different kinds of mechanical stimulus (Haley et al. 1995). In Trewavas’ model (Trewavas 1999a,b), each kind of stimulus elicits a unique Ca2+ signal with distinct topology. The electrophysiology of mechan ...
Lactobacillus plantarum displaying CCL3 chemokine in fusion with
... that Lp_1261CCL3Gag showed the lowest levels of surface accessible protein (Fig. 4) and caused no chemotaxis (Fig. 5b) may be taken to add confidence to the data. On the other hand, however, Lp_1568CCL3Gag did consistently cause chemotaxis, whereas no signals were obtained in flow cytometry and fluo ...
... that Lp_1261CCL3Gag showed the lowest levels of surface accessible protein (Fig. 4) and caused no chemotaxis (Fig. 5b) may be taken to add confidence to the data. On the other hand, however, Lp_1568CCL3Gag did consistently cause chemotaxis, whereas no signals were obtained in flow cytometry and fluo ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.