Human Tissues III
... relaxed they coil up, when stretched they expand and contract at both monomer level and whole elastin level. Fibrillin gives it it’s elastic properties. b. As we age, elastic fibers get looser - breakdown of some fibrillins, don’t expand and contract. c. Emphysema – lots of elastic fibers located in ...
... relaxed they coil up, when stretched they expand and contract at both monomer level and whole elastin level. Fibrillin gives it it’s elastic properties. b. As we age, elastic fibers get looser - breakdown of some fibrillins, don’t expand and contract. c. Emphysema – lots of elastic fibers located in ...
PDF
... signatures. The proximo-posterior side of the embryo is marked by the expression of Wnt3 (RiveraPérez and Magnuson, 2005) which engage in a signaling autoregulatory loop involving Nodal from the epiblast and BMP4 from the ExE (Ben-Haim et al., 2006; Brennan et al., 2001). Nodal and B ...
... signatures. The proximo-posterior side of the embryo is marked by the expression of Wnt3 (RiveraPérez and Magnuson, 2005) which engage in a signaling autoregulatory loop involving Nodal from the epiblast and BMP4 from the ExE (Ben-Haim et al., 2006; Brennan et al., 2001). Nodal and B ...
The evodevo of multinucleate cells, tissues, and organisms, and an
... forming cross walls to sequester reproductive cells is responsible for the lack of parenchymatous tissues in the rhodophytes. A more detailed rendering of the multinucleate domain within the plant body plan morphospace is achieved with the addition of three developmental features, each of which has ...
... forming cross walls to sequester reproductive cells is responsible for the lack of parenchymatous tissues in the rhodophytes. A more detailed rendering of the multinucleate domain within the plant body plan morphospace is achieved with the addition of three developmental features, each of which has ...
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor KRP6 Induces Mitosis and
... Different types of CDK/CYC complexes account for the correct temporal and unidirectional ordering of cell cycle events (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). The model plant species Arabidopsis encodes up to 12 CDKs and 49 CYCs that have been categorized into different classes according to their sequence simi ...
... Different types of CDK/CYC complexes account for the correct temporal and unidirectional ordering of cell cycle events (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). The model plant species Arabidopsis encodes up to 12 CDKs and 49 CYCs that have been categorized into different classes according to their sequence simi ...
An Introduction to the Reference Module in Life Sciences
... biotechnology are far older than commonly realized; in China, moldy soybean curds were used as an antibiotic in B500 BCE and chrysanthemums were used as an insecticide in BCE 100. Today, biotechnology pervades all aspects of our daily life; it affects the foods we eat, the safety of the water we dri ...
... biotechnology are far older than commonly realized; in China, moldy soybean curds were used as an antibiotic in B500 BCE and chrysanthemums were used as an insecticide in BCE 100. Today, biotechnology pervades all aspects of our daily life; it affects the foods we eat, the safety of the water we dri ...
CD38 positive natural killer cells may be involved in progression of
... CD38 in the PB NK cells were extremely high for RA, while comparable expression levels of CD38 in the SF NK cells were observed between different arthritis types (Figure 3C). These results represent that CD38+ NK cells were preferentially recruited to the inflammatory sites. Cytotoxicity of NK cells ...
... CD38 in the PB NK cells were extremely high for RA, while comparable expression levels of CD38 in the SF NK cells were observed between different arthritis types (Figure 3C). These results represent that CD38+ NK cells were preferentially recruited to the inflammatory sites. Cytotoxicity of NK cells ...
Deflagellation and Flagellar Regeneration in Chlamydomonas
... At one end of the organism there are two prominent flagella, which function in locomotion. The flagellar axoneme is comprised of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. The microtubules are always observed in a characteristic array of 9 outer doublet microtubules surrounding a central pair of two single ...
... At one end of the organism there are two prominent flagella, which function in locomotion. The flagellar axoneme is comprised of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. The microtubules are always observed in a characteristic array of 9 outer doublet microtubules surrounding a central pair of two single ...
Jeopardy
... The cell membrane is composed mostly of ________. a. proteins and steroids b. phospholipids and steroids c. phospholipids and proteins d. carbohydrates and steroids BACK TO GAME ...
... The cell membrane is composed mostly of ________. a. proteins and steroids b. phospholipids and steroids c. phospholipids and proteins d. carbohydrates and steroids BACK TO GAME ...
Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a Non
... sites for the development of novel direct-acting antivirals and genome-based therapeutics [7]. Efforts to understand HCV life cycle and to identify effective anti-HCV agents have hampered by the lack of an efficient cell culture system [8] [9]. However, subgenomic replicons, HCV pseudo-particles, in ...
... sites for the development of novel direct-acting antivirals and genome-based therapeutics [7]. Efforts to understand HCV life cycle and to identify effective anti-HCV agents have hampered by the lack of an efficient cell culture system [8] [9]. However, subgenomic replicons, HCV pseudo-particles, in ...
TGFβ/activin/nodal signaling is necessary for the maintenance of
... colcemide, which arrests cells at the onset of metaphase. SMAD1/5 phosphorylation was compared between hESCs that had been released from the colcemide block for different lengths of time and asynchronous hESCs (Fig. 2B). hESCs that were released from colcemide block for 15 minutes showed higher leve ...
... colcemide, which arrests cells at the onset of metaphase. SMAD1/5 phosphorylation was compared between hESCs that had been released from the colcemide block for different lengths of time and asynchronous hESCs (Fig. 2B). hESCs that were released from colcemide block for 15 minutes showed higher leve ...
Entry of oomycete and fungal effectors into plant and animal host cells
... consist of a conserved 50–60 amino acid N-terminus commonly referred to as the LFLAK domain and divergent C-terminal domains (Torto et al., 2003; Haas et al., 2009). A number of these C-terminal domains resemble host intracellular proteins, suggesting intracellular targets for the CRN effectors (Haa ...
... consist of a conserved 50–60 amino acid N-terminus commonly referred to as the LFLAK domain and divergent C-terminal domains (Torto et al., 2003; Haas et al., 2009). A number of these C-terminal domains resemble host intracellular proteins, suggesting intracellular targets for the CRN effectors (Haa ...
Major Histocompatibilty Complex (MHC) and T Cell Receptors
... MHC of that individual, otherwise no immune response can occur. That is one level of control. ...
... MHC of that individual, otherwise no immune response can occur. That is one level of control. ...
Control of the Plant Cell Cycle by Developmental
... transcriptional target genes. Both E2Fa and E2Fb act as transcriptional activators to promote the G1 to S transition and, accordingly, their putative direct target genes include those required for DNA replication, DNA repair and chromatin maintenance (Ramirez-Parra et al. 2003, Vlieghe et al. 2003, ...
... transcriptional target genes. Both E2Fa and E2Fb act as transcriptional activators to promote the G1 to S transition and, accordingly, their putative direct target genes include those required for DNA replication, DNA repair and chromatin maintenance (Ramirez-Parra et al. 2003, Vlieghe et al. 2003, ...
Sequential inte ic resistant bacterium
... bacterial resistance to silver nanoparticles is available. However, it is not clear whether AgNPs function similar to silver ions or differently. Silver ions damage the membrane proteins, interrupts electron cycle and induce DNA dimerization through the interaction with thiol (S-H) groups of aminoac ...
... bacterial resistance to silver nanoparticles is available. However, it is not clear whether AgNPs function similar to silver ions or differently. Silver ions damage the membrane proteins, interrupts electron cycle and induce DNA dimerization through the interaction with thiol (S-H) groups of aminoac ...
bluebird bio, Inc. - corporate
... presentations at ASGCT discussed encouraging examples of our efforts on these fronts – with more to come as we continue to innovate in this critical direction.” Oncology Presentations: Oral Abstract #277: Small Molecule-regulated Antigen Recognition System for Inducible T Cell Targeting of Cancer Ce ...
... presentations at ASGCT discussed encouraging examples of our efforts on these fronts – with more to come as we continue to innovate in this critical direction.” Oncology Presentations: Oral Abstract #277: Small Molecule-regulated Antigen Recognition System for Inducible T Cell Targeting of Cancer Ce ...
Early transcription in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos
... Key words: autoradiography, α-amanitin, maternal effects, transcription, Caenorhabditis ...
... Key words: autoradiography, α-amanitin, maternal effects, transcription, Caenorhabditis ...
Growth Control: A Saga of Cell Walls, ROS, and Peptide
... The identification of RALF1 as a FER ligand raises the question how the signal is transduced. Exposure to RALF1 leads to a rapid FER-dependent intracellular Ca2+ increase (Haruta et al., 2014). However, it is at present unclear whether this is mediated by RAC/ROP signaling or whether it depends on RA ...
... The identification of RALF1 as a FER ligand raises the question how the signal is transduced. Exposure to RALF1 leads to a rapid FER-dependent intracellular Ca2+ increase (Haruta et al., 2014). However, it is at present unclear whether this is mediated by RAC/ROP signaling or whether it depends on RA ...
cytological and cytochemical studies on cell death and digestion in
... Compared with neighbouring viable-looking cells, the dead cells are shrunken and easily seen in sections extracted with pyridine and stained with Baker's acid haematein (Fig. 3). They vary from 2 to 5 [i in diameter, those larger than 4 fi usually being smooth and nearly circular in profile. These a ...
... Compared with neighbouring viable-looking cells, the dead cells are shrunken and easily seen in sections extracted with pyridine and stained with Baker's acid haematein (Fig. 3). They vary from 2 to 5 [i in diameter, those larger than 4 fi usually being smooth and nearly circular in profile. These a ...
Function Factories Independently of Its Chaperone Specifically
... L. W. Cashdollar (Medical College of Wisconsin), designated T3DC. The T3DC clone differs from the T3DN clone in viral factory morphology and in the nucleotide sequence of its M1 genome segment (32). Viruses were plaque purified and were amplified in murine L929 cells in Joklik’s modified minimal ess ...
... L. W. Cashdollar (Medical College of Wisconsin), designated T3DC. The T3DC clone differs from the T3DN clone in viral factory morphology and in the nucleotide sequence of its M1 genome segment (32). Viruses were plaque purified and were amplified in murine L929 cells in Joklik’s modified minimal ess ...
TI-VAMP/VAMP7 and VAMP3/cellubrevin: two v
... the endosomal membrane into the luminal space, leading to the formation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which accumulate internally small membrane vesicles (60–80 nm). These intraluminal vesicles once released into the extracellular medium by fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane are known as exo ...
... the endosomal membrane into the luminal space, leading to the formation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which accumulate internally small membrane vesicles (60–80 nm). These intraluminal vesicles once released into the extracellular medium by fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane are known as exo ...
Inactivation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase intact cells
... suggesting that intracellular deam:i.nation of ara-A is not a major factor limiting the short tenn effects of ara-A on AdoHcy hydrolase. Inactivation of AdoHcy hydrolase by ara-A is associated with a rressive buildup of intracellular AdoHcy which is ~eularly pronounced in the hepatocytes (frcrn 50 t ...
... suggesting that intracellular deam:i.nation of ara-A is not a major factor limiting the short tenn effects of ara-A on AdoHcy hydrolase. Inactivation of AdoHcy hydrolase by ara-A is associated with a rressive buildup of intracellular AdoHcy which is ~eularly pronounced in the hepatocytes (frcrn 50 t ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Transforming Growth Factor
... With the demonstrated importance of TGF-b signaling in a variety of biological processes, and loss of TGF-b responsiveness as an important correlate of certain diseases, a tremendous effort has been undertaken in the last decade to elucidate the mechanisms by which TGF-b propagates its signal. An im ...
... With the demonstrated importance of TGF-b signaling in a variety of biological processes, and loss of TGF-b responsiveness as an important correlate of certain diseases, a tremendous effort has been undertaken in the last decade to elucidate the mechanisms by which TGF-b propagates its signal. An im ...
Cell shape determination in Escherichia coli
... It has been proposed [37] that a change in growth rate may be sensed as a change in cytoplasmic turgor pressure, hence a change in the stress placed on the cell envelope. The stress theory of morphogenesis is discussed in detail by Harold in this issue. It should be emphasized, however, that there ...
... It has been proposed [37] that a change in growth rate may be sensed as a change in cytoplasmic turgor pressure, hence a change in the stress placed on the cell envelope. The stress theory of morphogenesis is discussed in detail by Harold in this issue. It should be emphasized, however, that there ...
Supplementary Figure Legends (doc 34K)
... Fig. S3. FN levels were not altered in Tgm2-/- MEFs. (A) Immunofluorescence staining for FN in Tgm2+/+ and Tgm2-/- MEFs on day 0 and day 3. No major change was observed in FN matrix levels. Scale bar equals 200µm. (B) Quantification of FN in deoxycholate (DOC)soluble and DOC-insoluble fractions afte ...
... Fig. S3. FN levels were not altered in Tgm2-/- MEFs. (A) Immunofluorescence staining for FN in Tgm2+/+ and Tgm2-/- MEFs on day 0 and day 3. No major change was observed in FN matrix levels. Scale bar equals 200µm. (B) Quantification of FN in deoxycholate (DOC)soluble and DOC-insoluble fractions afte ...
The origin of eukaryotes: the difference between prokaryotic and
... multiplicity serves to ensure functionality when one or more copies of a gene lose their function. Thus, more reliable functioning cells and organisms could appear by the parallel bu¡ering mechanisms of genetic subsystems. Eventually, the novel organization of genetic information led to real heteroz ...
... multiplicity serves to ensure functionality when one or more copies of a gene lose their function. Thus, more reliable functioning cells and organisms could appear by the parallel bu¡ering mechanisms of genetic subsystems. Eventually, the novel organization of genetic information led to real heteroz ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.