Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 is involved
... rise to many lateral roots (LRs) during vegetative growth, and each of these will produce more LRs. The quantity and placement of these structures among other factors determine the root system architecture (RSA), and this in turn plays a major role in determining whether a plant will survive in a pa ...
... rise to many lateral roots (LRs) during vegetative growth, and each of these will produce more LRs. The quantity and placement of these structures among other factors determine the root system architecture (RSA), and this in turn plays a major role in determining whether a plant will survive in a pa ...
Zebrafish germ cell migration - Development
... show the morphological features characteristic of motile cells at all stages analyzed, including extension of numerous cellular processes (Fig. 3G-I, Movie 2 on-line). The migration patterns are highly dynamic: individual PGCs frequently change their speed, direction and position relative to each ot ...
... show the morphological features characteristic of motile cells at all stages analyzed, including extension of numerous cellular processes (Fig. 3G-I, Movie 2 on-line). The migration patterns are highly dynamic: individual PGCs frequently change their speed, direction and position relative to each ot ...
Lesson Overview - Diman Regional
... cannot pass through the cell membrane of their target cells. Nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors in a target cell and cause the release of secondary messengers that affect cell activities. ...
... cannot pass through the cell membrane of their target cells. Nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors in a target cell and cause the release of secondary messengers that affect cell activities. ...
Apical constriction
... mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Anstrom, 1992; Nance and Priess, 2002; Harrell and Goldstein, 2011; Williams et al., 2012). Apical constriction is also associated with the extrusion of apoptotic or delaminating cells (Toyama et al., 2008; Slattum et al., 2009; Marinari et al., 2012) and wound contract ...
... mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Anstrom, 1992; Nance and Priess, 2002; Harrell and Goldstein, 2011; Williams et al., 2012). Apical constriction is also associated with the extrusion of apoptotic or delaminating cells (Toyama et al., 2008; Slattum et al., 2009; Marinari et al., 2012) and wound contract ...
Biofilm exopolysaccharides
... in that they normally permit considerable amounts of water to be bound. This is not a feature which has been extensively examined. However, polysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid can bind up to 1 kg water (g polysaccharide)−". It is probable that many of the EPS in biofilms bind lesser quantities w ...
... in that they normally permit considerable amounts of water to be bound. This is not a feature which has been extensively examined. However, polysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid can bind up to 1 kg water (g polysaccharide)−". It is probable that many of the EPS in biofilms bind lesser quantities w ...
Transcription Factor Positive Regulatory Domain 4 (PRDM4) recruits Protein Arginine
... neurogenesis can be recapitulated by individua l mouse cortical NSCs isolated at embryonic day 10 (E10) and cultured at low density in vitro (2,3). This suggests that the temporal program of NSC division and cell fate specification is cell-intrinsic, but the molecular nature of the program is not kn ...
... neurogenesis can be recapitulated by individua l mouse cortical NSCs isolated at embryonic day 10 (E10) and cultured at low density in vitro (2,3). This suggests that the temporal program of NSC division and cell fate specification is cell-intrinsic, but the molecular nature of the program is not kn ...
PDF - International Journal of Biological Sciences
... The actin cytoskeleton is known to consist of actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments with many accessory proteins. The dynamic reassembly of this intracellular protein network regulates the cell shape, cellular adhesions to the extracellular matrix, and mechanical compliances, i.e ...
... The actin cytoskeleton is known to consist of actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments with many accessory proteins. The dynamic reassembly of this intracellular protein network regulates the cell shape, cellular adhesions to the extracellular matrix, and mechanical compliances, i.e ...
Antisickling Activity and Membrane Stabilizing Effect of
... NaCl by increasing the volume of the RBCs, reverting the sickling to produce biconcave cells, and thereby, maintaining membrane integrity. The sickling modifies the membrane flexibility, which would make it more fragile and would increase the precocious risk of hemolysis. But it is as possible as th ...
... NaCl by increasing the volume of the RBCs, reverting the sickling to produce biconcave cells, and thereby, maintaining membrane integrity. The sickling modifies the membrane flexibility, which would make it more fragile and would increase the precocious risk of hemolysis. But it is as possible as th ...
Slide 1 - SchoolRack
... [as] they have tissues and internal organs [as well as] the three embryonic differentiated cells: Ecto/meso/endoderm ...
... [as] they have tissues and internal organs [as well as] the three embryonic differentiated cells: Ecto/meso/endoderm ...
The Skeletal System: Bones and Joints
... epiphysis and the diaphysis. When bone growth stops, the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone, and is called the (4) . The large cavity in the diaphysis is called the (5) . This space, and other spaces are filled with soft tissue called (6) . Yellow marrow consists mostly of (7) , whereas red marrow ...
... epiphysis and the diaphysis. When bone growth stops, the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone, and is called the (4) . The large cavity in the diaphysis is called the (5) . This space, and other spaces are filled with soft tissue called (6) . Yellow marrow consists mostly of (7) , whereas red marrow ...
Fgf8 induces pillar cell fate and regulates cellular
... Embryos that were Fgf8⌬2,3n/flox; Foxg1cre/+ (see Materials and methods for specific genetic cross) die at birth as a result of defects in the development of the forebrain (Storm et al., 2003); however, overall development of the inner ear and cochlea appeared normal. To examine the effects of inact ...
... Embryos that were Fgf8⌬2,3n/flox; Foxg1cre/+ (see Materials and methods for specific genetic cross) die at birth as a result of defects in the development of the forebrain (Storm et al., 2003); however, overall development of the inner ear and cochlea appeared normal. To examine the effects of inact ...
Tubulin folding is altered by mutations in a putative GTP binding motif
... 1992; Fontalba et al., 1993, 1995; Campo et al., 1994; Fig. 1). Soon after tubulin is synthesized it is bound to a TCP-1-containing chaperone particle (C900). Pulse-chase experiments have shown that, in the presence of nucleotides tubulin dimers and release factors, the disappearance of C900 complex ...
... 1992; Fontalba et al., 1993, 1995; Campo et al., 1994; Fig. 1). Soon after tubulin is synthesized it is bound to a TCP-1-containing chaperone particle (C900). Pulse-chase experiments have shown that, in the presence of nucleotides tubulin dimers and release factors, the disappearance of C900 complex ...
PDF + SI - Development - The Company of Biologists
... genetically distinct structures. The embryo is surrounded by the endosperm, which is in turn enclosed within the maternally derived seed coat. In Arabidopsis final seed size is determined by early expansion of the coenocytic endosperm, which then cellularizes and subsequently undergoes developmental ...
... genetically distinct structures. The embryo is surrounded by the endosperm, which is in turn enclosed within the maternally derived seed coat. In Arabidopsis final seed size is determined by early expansion of the coenocytic endosperm, which then cellularizes and subsequently undergoes developmental ...
biology and medicine Embryonic stem cell differentiation
... 1979; Godin et al. 1995; Medvinsky and Dzierzak 1996; Palis et al. 1999). Detailed analysis of hematopoietic development in the early embryo strongly suggests that the programs generated in these two regions are different. Hematopoietic commitment is detected first in the yolk sac, where distinct bl ...
... 1979; Godin et al. 1995; Medvinsky and Dzierzak 1996; Palis et al. 1999). Detailed analysis of hematopoietic development in the early embryo strongly suggests that the programs generated in these two regions are different. Hematopoietic commitment is detected first in the yolk sac, where distinct bl ...
Embryonic stem cell differentiation: emergence of a new era in
... 1979; Godin et al. 1995; Medvinsky and Dzierzak 1996; Palis et al. 1999). Detailed analysis of hematopoietic development in the early embryo strongly suggests that the programs generated in these two regions are different. Hematopoietic commitment is detected first in the yolk sac, where distinct bl ...
... 1979; Godin et al. 1995; Medvinsky and Dzierzak 1996; Palis et al. 1999). Detailed analysis of hematopoietic development in the early embryo strongly suggests that the programs generated in these two regions are different. Hematopoietic commitment is detected first in the yolk sac, where distinct bl ...
Efficient Procedure and Methods to Determine Critical
... block range dimension ܮ , is chosen in a way that it captures enough cell to give sufficient statatisics, and yet that the electrical field in the block is relatively constant (quasi-static assumption). In the experiment we will examine ܰ time instances that assumed to be enough to capture the fu ...
... block range dimension ܮ , is chosen in a way that it captures enough cell to give sufficient statatisics, and yet that the electrical field in the block is relatively constant (quasi-static assumption). In the experiment we will examine ܰ time instances that assumed to be enough to capture the fu ...
GFP is the way to glow: bioimaging of the plant endomembrane
... fluorescence upon excitation with UV or blue light. As specific secretory proteins or signals can be fused to GFP, usually without altering their targeting, it is a useful alternative to conventional dyes previously used to investigate endomembrane compartments in vivo. Moreover, GFP itself is not a ...
... fluorescence upon excitation with UV or blue light. As specific secretory proteins or signals can be fused to GFP, usually without altering their targeting, it is a useful alternative to conventional dyes previously used to investigate endomembrane compartments in vivo. Moreover, GFP itself is not a ...
Trainor - Master BMC
... one could easily argue that this definition of Developmental Biology is too narrow. There are a limited number of possible behaviors for any given cell or tissue in an organism. Therefore, one of the characteristic features of development is the reiterated use of the same cellular mechanisms and sig ...
... one could easily argue that this definition of Developmental Biology is too narrow. There are a limited number of possible behaviors for any given cell or tissue in an organism. Therefore, one of the characteristic features of development is the reiterated use of the same cellular mechanisms and sig ...
Expression of Efflux Transporters in Human Ocular Tissues
... Construction of Plasmid and Standard Curves. The target DNA fragments of corresponding genes obtained by chemical synthesis were ligated into the pMD19-T vector (Takara, Dalian, China) at 16°C overnight. The ligation mixtures were transformed into competent Escherichia coli DH5a cells. After being c ...
... Construction of Plasmid and Standard Curves. The target DNA fragments of corresponding genes obtained by chemical synthesis were ligated into the pMD19-T vector (Takara, Dalian, China) at 16°C overnight. The ligation mixtures were transformed into competent Escherichia coli DH5a cells. After being c ...
Eyes Absent, a key repressor of polar cell fate during
... polarity; however, the molecular basis for establishment of their cell fates is not completely understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that the specification of all somatic follicle cells requires the activation of Notch signaling (Deng et al., 2001; Grammont and Irvine, 2001; Lopez-Schier and ...
... polarity; however, the molecular basis for establishment of their cell fates is not completely understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that the specification of all somatic follicle cells requires the activation of Notch signaling (Deng et al., 2001; Grammont and Irvine, 2001; Lopez-Schier and ...
Millius et al., J. Cell Sci., 2012 - Cardiovascular Research Institute
... within 1 mm of the leading edge (Fig. 2G,H). The distribution of p40 might be more restricted than either actin or WAVE2 for several reasons: other Arp2/3 complex activators such as WASP or N-WASP in combination with WAVE2 might further bias Arp2/3 to the cell periphery, or undersampling of WAVE2 pa ...
... within 1 mm of the leading edge (Fig. 2G,H). The distribution of p40 might be more restricted than either actin or WAVE2 for several reasons: other Arp2/3 complex activators such as WASP or N-WASP in combination with WAVE2 might further bias Arp2/3 to the cell periphery, or undersampling of WAVE2 pa ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).