Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis
... a simple cell lineage of two cell divisions following meiosis that results in the production of two nonmotile sperm cells. The first division of the microspore at pollen mitosis I (PMI) is asymmetric and gives rise to a large transcriptionally active vegetative cell and a diminutive generative cell ...
... a simple cell lineage of two cell divisions following meiosis that results in the production of two nonmotile sperm cells. The first division of the microspore at pollen mitosis I (PMI) is asymmetric and gives rise to a large transcriptionally active vegetative cell and a diminutive generative cell ...
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Carcinoma
... EMT is a well-established concept in embryonic development and considered essential for mesoderm formation. In recent years, it has been increasingly acknowledged that EMT is also observed in pathological processes, particularly in wound healing, tissue regeneration, organ fibrosis, ...
... EMT is a well-established concept in embryonic development and considered essential for mesoderm formation. In recent years, it has been increasingly acknowledged that EMT is also observed in pathological processes, particularly in wound healing, tissue regeneration, organ fibrosis, ...
Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis
... a simple cell lineage of two cell divisions following meiosis that results in the production of two nonmotile sperm cells. The first division of the microspore at pollen mitosis I (PMI) is asymmetric and gives rise to a large transcriptionally active vegetative cell and a diminutive generative cell ...
... a simple cell lineage of two cell divisions following meiosis that results in the production of two nonmotile sperm cells. The first division of the microspore at pollen mitosis I (PMI) is asymmetric and gives rise to a large transcriptionally active vegetative cell and a diminutive generative cell ...
Word - The Open University
... monomers. Once a critical threshold concentration has been exceeded, assembly of the polymeric form is favoured. However, actin monomers add on to one end of a filament much faster than to the other end, and these are referred to as the plus end and minus end of the filament, respectively. The diffe ...
... monomers. Once a critical threshold concentration has been exceeded, assembly of the polymeric form is favoured. However, actin monomers add on to one end of a filament much faster than to the other end, and these are referred to as the plus end and minus end of the filament, respectively. The diffe ...
Endodermal origin of yolk-sac-derived teratomas
... displaced visceral yolk sac of multipotential stem cells capable of differentiating into derivatives of all three germ layers. These stem cells might correspond to the poorly differentiated cells observed in the early stages of teratoma formation (Sobis et al. 1982). Numerous experiments indicate th ...
... displaced visceral yolk sac of multipotential stem cells capable of differentiating into derivatives of all three germ layers. These stem cells might correspond to the poorly differentiated cells observed in the early stages of teratoma formation (Sobis et al. 1982). Numerous experiments indicate th ...
The structure and function of the Golgi apparatus
... determined developmental programmes. In colchicinetreated Chlamydomonas, the number of Golgi stacks (which is normally one per cell ) increases proportionally to the number of genomic copies and decreases with the recovery of the cells ( Walne, 1967). In mammalian cells, Golgi stacks are connected b ...
... determined developmental programmes. In colchicinetreated Chlamydomonas, the number of Golgi stacks (which is normally one per cell ) increases proportionally to the number of genomic copies and decreases with the recovery of the cells ( Walne, 1967). In mammalian cells, Golgi stacks are connected b ...
Proteomics of Plasma Membranes from Poplar Trees Reveals
... cheary element differentiation in cell culture is a useful tool (14). Utilizing the system for proteomics, however, is problematic as described by Millar et al. (15). In Populus, a considerable amount of secondary cell wall is produced, which has made high resolution transcript profiling across the ...
... cheary element differentiation in cell culture is a useful tool (14). Utilizing the system for proteomics, however, is problematic as described by Millar et al. (15). In Populus, a considerable amount of secondary cell wall is produced, which has made high resolution transcript profiling across the ...
Receptor-Like Activity Evoked by Extracellular ADP in Arabidopsis
... phatases, and adenosine nucleosidases with retrieval of adenine (the ultimate hydrolytic product) by PM purine permeases (Komoszyński, 1996; Steinebrunner et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2007; Riewe et al., 2008a, 2008b; Govindarajulu et al., 2009; Clark et al., 2010b; Liang et al., 2010). Manipulation of ...
... phatases, and adenosine nucleosidases with retrieval of adenine (the ultimate hydrolytic product) by PM purine permeases (Komoszyński, 1996; Steinebrunner et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2007; Riewe et al., 2008a, 2008b; Govindarajulu et al., 2009; Clark et al., 2010b; Liang et al., 2010). Manipulation of ...
Origin, Early Patterning, and Fate of the Mouse Epiblast
... for γ1-laminin, which cannot assemble a basal lamina, have a similar phenotype.28 MOLECULAR CONTROL OF PLURIPOTENTIALITY Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from cultured blastocysts. They can be maintained undifferentiated in culture for extended periods of time, expanded, reint ...
... for γ1-laminin, which cannot assemble a basal lamina, have a similar phenotype.28 MOLECULAR CONTROL OF PLURIPOTENTIALITY Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from cultured blastocysts. They can be maintained undifferentiated in culture for extended periods of time, expanded, reint ...
Max and inhibitory c-Myc mutants induce erythroid di
... c-Myc mutants enhance erythroid dierentiation of K562 Growth of K562 cells transfected with mutant c-myc genes was reduced by about 25% with respect to parental cells and vector-transfected cells, as assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation and cell counts. Also, both mutants drastically reduced K56 ...
... c-Myc mutants enhance erythroid dierentiation of K562 Growth of K562 cells transfected with mutant c-myc genes was reduced by about 25% with respect to parental cells and vector-transfected cells, as assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation and cell counts. Also, both mutants drastically reduced K56 ...
Control de la estabilidad de ciclinas de G1 por nutrientes Sara
... In budding yeast, the commitment to a new round of cell division takes place in late G1, at a point called Start, where transcriptional activation of more than 200 G1-specific genes occurs (reviewed in reference 2). This includes the transcription of major cell cycle regulators, including the G1 cyc ...
... In budding yeast, the commitment to a new round of cell division takes place in late G1, at a point called Start, where transcriptional activation of more than 200 G1-specific genes occurs (reviewed in reference 2). This includes the transcription of major cell cycle regulators, including the G1 cyc ...
to get the file - Oxford Brookes University
... distinct from the mammalian system and interacts differently with the cytoskeleton (Boevink et al., 1998; Brandizzi et al., 2002; NebenfuÈhr et al., 1999), so it may not be possible to identify the underlying molecular machinery by similarity to yeast and mammalian sequences. Multicellularity arose ...
... distinct from the mammalian system and interacts differently with the cytoskeleton (Boevink et al., 1998; Brandizzi et al., 2002; NebenfuÈhr et al., 1999), so it may not be possible to identify the underlying molecular machinery by similarity to yeast and mammalian sequences. Multicellularity arose ...
Japanese encephalitis virus replication is negatively regulated by
... set up for serum-starvation or JEV-infection (Fig. 1). In mockinfected Neuro2a cells, GFP-LC3 shows a diffuse distribution (Fig. 1A, left panel). JEV infection leads to accumulation of autophagosomes in cells as detected by GFP-LC3 punctate distribution (Fig. 1B). Similarly, on serum-starvation whic ...
... set up for serum-starvation or JEV-infection (Fig. 1). In mockinfected Neuro2a cells, GFP-LC3 shows a diffuse distribution (Fig. 1A, left panel). JEV infection leads to accumulation of autophagosomes in cells as detected by GFP-LC3 punctate distribution (Fig. 1B). Similarly, on serum-starvation whic ...
Evidence for the presence of calsequestrin in two structurally
... ventricular wall, tied to cotton swab sticks, and fixed first in 2% paraformaldehyde and then in a mixture of2% paraformaldehyde and 0.3% glutaraldehyde as previously described (12). Finally the bundles of fixed ventricular muscle tissue were washed, infused with sucrose, and 4-,um cryostat and 80-n ...
... ventricular wall, tied to cotton swab sticks, and fixed first in 2% paraformaldehyde and then in a mixture of2% paraformaldehyde and 0.3% glutaraldehyde as previously described (12). Finally the bundles of fixed ventricular muscle tissue were washed, infused with sucrose, and 4-,um cryostat and 80-n ...
Diverse Effects of Mutations in the Signal Sequence on the Secretion of b-lactamase in Salmonella typhimurium.
... form that is trypsin-accessible in intact spheroplasts; the precursors synthesized by the remaining mutants resemble wild-type in that they remain trypsin-inaccessible. One of the latter mutants does produce mature protein, but at a very reduced rate. It thus appears that signalsequence mutations ca ...
... form that is trypsin-accessible in intact spheroplasts; the precursors synthesized by the remaining mutants resemble wild-type in that they remain trypsin-inaccessible. One of the latter mutants does produce mature protein, but at a very reduced rate. It thus appears that signalsequence mutations ca ...
arc6, an extreme chloroplast division mutant of Arabidopsis also
... out the cytoplasm and in wild-type cells often form a distinct ring around the nucleus (Fig. 2D). In arc6, the extremely large proplastids appear to be wrapped around the nucleus (Fig. 2C). In very marked contrast to the ellipsoidal wild-type proplastids the profiles of arc6 proplastids in the three ...
... out the cytoplasm and in wild-type cells often form a distinct ring around the nucleus (Fig. 2D). In arc6, the extremely large proplastids appear to be wrapped around the nucleus (Fig. 2C). In very marked contrast to the ellipsoidal wild-type proplastids the profiles of arc6 proplastids in the three ...
FABRICATING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Cu2O/TiO2
... alternatives to silicon for solar cells attract much attention among the researchers. Cu2O is a p-type semiconductor with a direct band gap of 2.1 eV and is regarded as a suitable material for high-efficiency solar cells [1-4]. TiO2 is an n-type semiconductor with a wide band gap energy of 3.2 eV an ...
... alternatives to silicon for solar cells attract much attention among the researchers. Cu2O is a p-type semiconductor with a direct band gap of 2.1 eV and is regarded as a suitable material for high-efficiency solar cells [1-4]. TiO2 is an n-type semiconductor with a wide band gap energy of 3.2 eV an ...
Nucleolus: the fascinating nuclear body
... not observed when only RNA pol I is inhibited indicating that the composition of a segregated nucleolus can be more complex when induced by general transcription inhibition. One question that remains unanswered is how nucleolar components continue to be maintained in segregated nucleoli in spite of ...
... not observed when only RNA pol I is inhibited indicating that the composition of a segregated nucleolus can be more complex when induced by general transcription inhibition. One question that remains unanswered is how nucleolar components continue to be maintained in segregated nucleoli in spite of ...
Centrosome misorientation mediates slowing of the cell cycle under
... et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2011; O’Brien et al., 2011). Stem cells are characterized by their high proliferation activity, yet how nutrient conditions specifically affect these cell types compared with other, more slowly cycling cell types is not known. Despite intensive studies on the mechanisms by ...
... et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2011; O’Brien et al., 2011). Stem cells are characterized by their high proliferation activity, yet how nutrient conditions specifically affect these cell types compared with other, more slowly cycling cell types is not known. Despite intensive studies on the mechanisms by ...
Requirement for ß-Catenin in Anterior
... Lim1, and nodal, are required for anterior development (Shawlot and Behringer, 1995; Varlet et al., 1997; Acampora et al., 1998; Rhinn et al., 1998; Shawlot et al., 1998). In addition, genes expressed in the embryonic ectoderm, such as cripto, are also necessary for the establishment of anterior-pos ...
... Lim1, and nodal, are required for anterior development (Shawlot and Behringer, 1995; Varlet et al., 1997; Acampora et al., 1998; Rhinn et al., 1998; Shawlot et al., 1998). In addition, genes expressed in the embryonic ectoderm, such as cripto, are also necessary for the establishment of anterior-pos ...
Microenvironmental reprogramming by three
... he growth and unique cycling activities of the hair follicle is largely controlled by a group of specialized mesenchymal cells, located in a structure termed the dermal papilla. The precursors of papilla cells are mesenchymal-cell aggregations, or condensates, that form in embryonic skin dermis at t ...
... he growth and unique cycling activities of the hair follicle is largely controlled by a group of specialized mesenchymal cells, located in a structure termed the dermal papilla. The precursors of papilla cells are mesenchymal-cell aggregations, or condensates, that form in embryonic skin dermis at t ...
siRNA Screen Identifies Trafficking Host Factors that Modulate
... RNAi-based screen to identify and validate trafficking host factors that are required for infection ...
... RNAi-based screen to identify and validate trafficking host factors that are required for infection ...
Regulated Expression of Vimentin cDNA in Cells in the Presence
... Observations on the assembly of modified filament proteins in cells have appeared to support the concept that intermediate assembly may take place specifically in a perinuclear location. Vikstrom et al. (1989) microinjected biotinylated vimentin into fibroblasts that contained a preexisting vimentin ...
... Observations on the assembly of modified filament proteins in cells have appeared to support the concept that intermediate assembly may take place specifically in a perinuclear location. Vikstrom et al. (1989) microinjected biotinylated vimentin into fibroblasts that contained a preexisting vimentin ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).