Exit from dormancy in microbial organisms
... obligate intracellular bacteria that exist as either a metabolically inert elementary body or a replicating reticulate body 21,22. The electron-dense elementary body contains a condensed nucleoid and is thought to be the form that allows persistent, long-term infection. Elementary body formation in ...
... obligate intracellular bacteria that exist as either a metabolically inert elementary body or a replicating reticulate body 21,22. The electron-dense elementary body contains a condensed nucleoid and is thought to be the form that allows persistent, long-term infection. Elementary body formation in ...
Introduction
... 1 Introduction The tight junctions regulate the passage of ions between the cells. They do not always form an absolute diffusion barrier, but are semipermeable and allow selective passage of certain solutes, but not others (Balda and Matter, 1998). Exchange of larger molecules from one domain to th ...
... 1 Introduction The tight junctions regulate the passage of ions between the cells. They do not always form an absolute diffusion barrier, but are semipermeable and allow selective passage of certain solutes, but not others (Balda and Matter, 1998). Exchange of larger molecules from one domain to th ...
C 3 Cellular Structure and Function
... By the early 1800s, scientists had observed the cells of many different organisms. These observations led two German scientists, named Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden, to propose that cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. Around 1850, a German doctor named Rudolf Vir ...
... By the early 1800s, scientists had observed the cells of many different organisms. These observations led two German scientists, named Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden, to propose that cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. Around 1850, a German doctor named Rudolf Vir ...
Genes involved in xylem secondary cell wall formation
... distance transport between aerial and ground parts, but also provides mechanical support. This enables land plants to maintain large photosynthetic aerial parts high above the ground. The xylem consists of several distinct types of cells with specialized wall structures. These specific structural fe ...
... distance transport between aerial and ground parts, but also provides mechanical support. This enables land plants to maintain large photosynthetic aerial parts high above the ground. The xylem consists of several distinct types of cells with specialized wall structures. These specific structural fe ...
Chapter 1: The Microbial World and You
... reproduce outside of host cells. They have no cell wall. Pass through most bacterial filters. Originally mistaken for viruses. Unique plasma membrane contains lipids called sterols, which protect them from osmotic lysis. 3. Archaebacteria May lack cell walls or have cell walls without peptid ...
... reproduce outside of host cells. They have no cell wall. Pass through most bacterial filters. Originally mistaken for viruses. Unique plasma membrane contains lipids called sterols, which protect them from osmotic lysis. 3. Archaebacteria May lack cell walls or have cell walls without peptid ...
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis: The Mechanism of
... receptor on the target cell surface, the engineered effector cells were added. ADCP pathway activation ensued and resulted in the production of luciferase through activation of the reporter gene NFAT-RE/luc2. Luciferase activity was measured following a 4–24 hour induction period, after addition of ...
... receptor on the target cell surface, the engineered effector cells were added. ADCP pathway activation ensued and resulted in the production of luciferase through activation of the reporter gene NFAT-RE/luc2. Luciferase activity was measured following a 4–24 hour induction period, after addition of ...
Ran on tracks – cytoplasmic roles for a nuclear regulator
... Caenorhabditis elegans and in the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In C. elegans, major sperm protein (MSP) acts as a signaling protein for oocyte meiotic maturation, and the MSP signal is, in part, transduced by the ephrin receptor homolog VAB1, which functions as a negative regulator of meiot ...
... Caenorhabditis elegans and in the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In C. elegans, major sperm protein (MSP) acts as a signaling protein for oocyte meiotic maturation, and the MSP signal is, in part, transduced by the ephrin receptor homolog VAB1, which functions as a negative regulator of meiot ...
Flamingo regulates epiboly and convergence/extension movements
... Frizzled (Fz) and Dishevelled (Dsh), but there is also some evidence that it may act as a cell adhesion molecule in a PCP-pathwayindependent manner. We show that abrogation of Celsr activity in zebrafish embryos results in epiboly defects that appear to be independent of the requirement for Celsr in ...
... Frizzled (Fz) and Dishevelled (Dsh), but there is also some evidence that it may act as a cell adhesion molecule in a PCP-pathwayindependent manner. We show that abrogation of Celsr activity in zebrafish embryos results in epiboly defects that appear to be independent of the requirement for Celsr in ...
Organelle Project - WLPCS Upper School
... An analogy with explanation: If the cell were a city or Washington Latin or a factory etc., what would this organelle be? (Ex. If the cell was restaurant, the nucleus would like a cookbook because it contains recipes (directions) for making many types of meals) ...
... An analogy with explanation: If the cell were a city or Washington Latin or a factory etc., what would this organelle be? (Ex. If the cell was restaurant, the nucleus would like a cookbook because it contains recipes (directions) for making many types of meals) ...
Cell Transport Notes - New Jersey Institute of Technology
... What type of solution are these cells in? ...
... What type of solution are these cells in? ...
Tissue and Cellular Injury
... ⑤ Postmortem change: General of normal tissues occurring dead body, generally distinguished from necrosis by being diffuse and not associated with inflammatory response. ⑥Autolysis: Digestion of cell by enzymes released from lysosome; occurs after cell dies. ...
... ⑤ Postmortem change: General of normal tissues occurring dead body, generally distinguished from necrosis by being diffuse and not associated with inflammatory response. ⑥Autolysis: Digestion of cell by enzymes released from lysosome; occurs after cell dies. ...
Molecular role of GATA binding protein 4 (GATA
... TnI gene regulate its specific expression in the heart. A proximal GATA-4-binding site in the cardiac TnI gene is necessary for the transcriptional activation of this gene in vitro, while other sites for GATA-4 DNA binding may contribute to the regulation of this gene [14]. Otherwise, it has been do ...
... TnI gene regulate its specific expression in the heart. A proximal GATA-4-binding site in the cardiac TnI gene is necessary for the transcriptional activation of this gene in vitro, while other sites for GATA-4 DNA binding may contribute to the regulation of this gene [14]. Otherwise, it has been do ...
a Mutated HLA Class I Gene Product Tumor Suppressor Gene
... such as PRAME and FGF-5 are overexpressed in a variety of tumor types (2, 3), and the relatively low levels of expression in normal tissues may not be sufficient to trigger T cell responses. A variety of genetic alterations that include point mutations, nucleotide deletions, as well as chromosomal t ...
... such as PRAME and FGF-5 are overexpressed in a variety of tumor types (2, 3), and the relatively low levels of expression in normal tissues may not be sufficient to trigger T cell responses. A variety of genetic alterations that include point mutations, nucleotide deletions, as well as chromosomal t ...
Mathematical model of the cell division cycle of fission yeast
... large.24 Without such a coordinating mechanism, cells cannot be kept alive over the long term. In fact, mutant fission yeast cells lacking this coordination die because they become either too large (cdc2 ⫺ ) or too small (wee1 ⫺ rum1⌬). How cytoplasmic mass exerts its control over the cell cycle eng ...
... large.24 Without such a coordinating mechanism, cells cannot be kept alive over the long term. In fact, mutant fission yeast cells lacking this coordination die because they become either too large (cdc2 ⫺ ) or too small (wee1 ⫺ rum1⌬). How cytoplasmic mass exerts its control over the cell cycle eng ...
the cell cycle of symbiotic chlorella
... subpopulations containing two, four, eight, etc. times the G\ amount of DNA that are obscured by those cells traversing from one value to the next. Neither is it known if all cells in long-term S phase are able to divide when the host is fed, or if division is limited by competition for 'division fa ...
... subpopulations containing two, four, eight, etc. times the G\ amount of DNA that are obscured by those cells traversing from one value to the next. Neither is it known if all cells in long-term S phase are able to divide when the host is fed, or if division is limited by competition for 'division fa ...
Diffusion Modeling of snRNP Dynamics
... measured area from the photoactivated CB. In the first approximation, a dependence of D(x) on the radial distance x can be obtained by a linear regression D ( x) = D0 + ΔD ⋅ x , where D0 = (4.7±5.4)×10-14 m2/s and ΔD =(3.7±0.6)×10-8 m/s. Similar effect was observed when evaluating the diffusion coef ...
... measured area from the photoactivated CB. In the first approximation, a dependence of D(x) on the radial distance x can be obtained by a linear regression D ( x) = D0 + ΔD ⋅ x , where D0 = (4.7±5.4)×10-14 m2/s and ΔD =(3.7±0.6)×10-8 m/s. Similar effect was observed when evaluating the diffusion coef ...
Stimulation of taxol production by combined salicylic acid elicitation and... Taxus baccata Ayatollah Rezaei
... about an increase in membrane permeability or loss of membrane integrity, as evidenced by the increase in extracellular taxol (Table1). The occurrence of lipid peroxidation indicates that cell death is not impaired even in the presence of lipid antioxidants [25]. The H2O2 production induced by SA an ...
... about an increase in membrane permeability or loss of membrane integrity, as evidenced by the increase in extracellular taxol (Table1). The occurrence of lipid peroxidation indicates that cell death is not impaired even in the presence of lipid antioxidants [25]. The H2O2 production induced by SA an ...
University of Groningen AthPEX10, ariuclear gene essential
... (10). PEX10-deficient cells in humans show peroxisome shells that import membrane proteins, but no matrix proteins. Therefore, targeting of human PEX10p to peroxisome membranes can be uncoupled from the matrix protein import machinery (4, 7, 11). Loss of PEX10p leads to Zellweger syndrome, a severe ...
... (10). PEX10-deficient cells in humans show peroxisome shells that import membrane proteins, but no matrix proteins. Therefore, targeting of human PEX10p to peroxisome membranes can be uncoupled from the matrix protein import machinery (4, 7, 11). Loss of PEX10p leads to Zellweger syndrome, a severe ...
sheet12
... while the multi-nuclei of skeletal muscle are found under the sarcolemma in the periphery. 4. the striations of cardiac muscle are less distinct (obvious), while it‘s more obvious in skeletal muscle. Why? Because cardiac muscle cells have higher amount of mitochondria than skeletal muscle‚ these mit ...
... while the multi-nuclei of skeletal muscle are found under the sarcolemma in the periphery. 4. the striations of cardiac muscle are less distinct (obvious), while it‘s more obvious in skeletal muscle. Why? Because cardiac muscle cells have higher amount of mitochondria than skeletal muscle‚ these mit ...
Cytochemical Locslization of Mercury in
... mercury atoms to give enough electron scattering to produce an image in the electron microscope. The formation of the long-chain amido compound draws together separate mercury atoms and this concentration effect gives rise to the electron-opaque granules (Fig. I c, d). Theoretically reactions result ...
... mercury atoms to give enough electron scattering to produce an image in the electron microscope. The formation of the long-chain amido compound draws together separate mercury atoms and this concentration effect gives rise to the electron-opaque granules (Fig. I c, d). Theoretically reactions result ...
Comparison of cytotoxicity and wound healing effect of
... promotes epithelial healing[3,4]. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide, is one of the most common viscous polymers used in artificial tears to achieve their prolonged residence efficacious in the treatment of aqueous tear-deficient dry eye symptoms and ocular surface ...
... promotes epithelial healing[3,4]. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide, is one of the most common viscous polymers used in artificial tears to achieve their prolonged residence efficacious in the treatment of aqueous tear-deficient dry eye symptoms and ocular surface ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).