Alight-inducible organelle targeting system for dynamically
... Pharmacological tools are significantly faster, but many are not quickly reversible due to high binding affinities and the reliance on drug washout (Haruki et al., 2008). In addition, pharmacological approaches lack generality; not all proteins can be easily designed for drug targeting. Compared to ...
... Pharmacological tools are significantly faster, but many are not quickly reversible due to high binding affinities and the reliance on drug washout (Haruki et al., 2008). In addition, pharmacological approaches lack generality; not all proteins can be easily designed for drug targeting. Compared to ...
+TIPs and Microtubule Regulation. The Beginning of the Plus End in
... sites. Second, 1TIPs using motor-driven transport are found along the MT length, whereas treadmilling/ hitchhiking proteins localize preferentially at plus ends with little or no protein associated with MT walls. Third, motors with their 1TIP cargos stay attached to shrinking MTs (Galjart and Perez, ...
... sites. Second, 1TIPs using motor-driven transport are found along the MT length, whereas treadmilling/ hitchhiking proteins localize preferentially at plus ends with little or no protein associated with MT walls. Third, motors with their 1TIP cargos stay attached to shrinking MTs (Galjart and Perez, ...
Document
... and motility. Two subunits of this protein complex are actin-related proteins (ARPs) belonging to the Arp2 and Arp3 subfamilies. The Arp3 subunit localizes to the surface of stationary bacteria and the tails of motile bacteria in tissue culture cells infected with L. monocytogenes; this is consisten ...
... and motility. Two subunits of this protein complex are actin-related proteins (ARPs) belonging to the Arp2 and Arp3 subfamilies. The Arp3 subunit localizes to the surface of stationary bacteria and the tails of motile bacteria in tissue culture cells infected with L. monocytogenes; this is consisten ...
Meiosis Flip Project Lena Wachs
... The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes and genetic variation. After meiosis, there are four haploids, each with different sets of chromosomes. This increases the genetic variation which allows for evolution and the adaptation of organisms to different environments and for sexual reproduction t ...
... The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes and genetic variation. After meiosis, there are four haploids, each with different sets of chromosomes. This increases the genetic variation which allows for evolution and the adaptation of organisms to different environments and for sexual reproduction t ...
Transmembrane domains control exclusion of membrane proteins
... Journal of Cell Science 123, 3329-3335 © 2010. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd ...
... Journal of Cell Science 123, 3329-3335 © 2010. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd ...
MitoToxTM Mitochondrial toxicity application guide
... adverse effects. This is often because the adverse effect is subtle and does not necessarily lead to histopathology. Among the drugs that have been withdrawn in recent years, several have since been shown to cause serious impairment to mitochondrial function, including cerivastatin (Baycol), troglit ...
... adverse effects. This is often because the adverse effect is subtle and does not necessarily lead to histopathology. Among the drugs that have been withdrawn in recent years, several have since been shown to cause serious impairment to mitochondrial function, including cerivastatin (Baycol), troglit ...
Isolated Osteoclasts Resorb the Organic and Inorganic Components
... Isolated osteoclasts, incubated with 45Ca o r L-[5-aH]proline labeled bone, degraded both its inorganic and organic phases, although the lag time before the onset of resorption of each matrix differed (Fig. 4). When radiolabeled bone particles were added to the osteoclast-bearing fraction of the Per ...
... Isolated osteoclasts, incubated with 45Ca o r L-[5-aH]proline labeled bone, degraded both its inorganic and organic phases, although the lag time before the onset of resorption of each matrix differed (Fig. 4). When radiolabeled bone particles were added to the osteoclast-bearing fraction of the Per ...
Cell polarity in early C. elegans development
... Early development in C. elegans is shown in Figs 1 and 2 (see Wood, 1988 for review). The sperm enters at the future posterior end of the embryo, opposite the end where the oocyte pronucleus resides. The oocyte pronucleus, which was arrested in meiotic prophase, resumes meiosis and both polar bodies ...
... Early development in C. elegans is shown in Figs 1 and 2 (see Wood, 1988 for review). The sperm enters at the future posterior end of the embryo, opposite the end where the oocyte pronucleus resides. The oocyte pronucleus, which was arrested in meiotic prophase, resumes meiosis and both polar bodies ...
Microbiology An Introduction 10e Tortora, Funke and Case Outline
... cells interior. However, in the larger eukaryotic cell, the limited surface area when compared to its volume means nutrients cannot rapidly diffuse to all interior parts of the cell. That is why eukaryotic cells require a variety of specialized internal organelles to transport chemicals throughout t ...
... cells interior. However, in the larger eukaryotic cell, the limited surface area when compared to its volume means nutrients cannot rapidly diffuse to all interior parts of the cell. That is why eukaryotic cells require a variety of specialized internal organelles to transport chemicals throughout t ...
FUNCTIONAL INVESTIGATION OF AN RNA BINDING PROTEIN
... beginning of our investigation, there was not any identified DTL related protein. Mammalian homologues were represented only by EST sequences, which have similarity to the conserved Cterminal of DTL. Zhu et al. (2001) isolated a nuclear receptor co-activator-interacting protein, designated PIMT, fro ...
... beginning of our investigation, there was not any identified DTL related protein. Mammalian homologues were represented only by EST sequences, which have similarity to the conserved Cterminal of DTL. Zhu et al. (2001) isolated a nuclear receptor co-activator-interacting protein, designated PIMT, fro ...
Lineage-specific proteins essential for endocytosis in trypanosomes
... system and acquisition of the mitochondrion (Martin et al., 2015). Following emergence of a true eukaryotic cell, the lineage rapidly diversified into multiple kingdoms or supergroups, represented for example by plants, animals, fungi, amoeba and many protist lineages. The ~1.5 billion year period s ...
... system and acquisition of the mitochondrion (Martin et al., 2015). Following emergence of a true eukaryotic cell, the lineage rapidly diversified into multiple kingdoms or supergroups, represented for example by plants, animals, fungi, amoeba and many protist lineages. The ~1.5 billion year period s ...
Isolation of Spherosomes with Lysosome Characteristics from
... sent in most cells of higher plants. G r ie s h a b e r 1 has recently described their morphological properties, origin and development. A spherosome consists of an electron dense strom a surrounded by a single mem brane; it represents a differentiated fragment of the endoplasmic reticulum ( F r e y ...
... sent in most cells of higher plants. G r ie s h a b e r 1 has recently described their morphological properties, origin and development. A spherosome consists of an electron dense strom a surrounded by a single mem brane; it represents a differentiated fragment of the endoplasmic reticulum ( F r e y ...
Isolation of Spherosomes with Lysosome
... sent in most cells of higher plants. G r ie s h a b e r 1 has recently described their morphological properties, origin and development. A spherosome consists of an electron dense strom a surrounded by a single mem brane; it represents a differentiated fragment of the endoplasmic reticulum ( F r e y ...
... sent in most cells of higher plants. G r ie s h a b e r 1 has recently described their morphological properties, origin and development. A spherosome consists of an electron dense strom a surrounded by a single mem brane; it represents a differentiated fragment of the endoplasmic reticulum ( F r e y ...
Plant Cells Contain Two Functionally Distinct
... contained within the a-TIP compartment, while aleurain, a protease that serves as a marker for an acidified vacuolar environment, is exclusively contained within the TIP-Ma27 compartment. As cells develop large vacuoles, the two compartments merge; this may represent a process by which storage produ ...
... contained within the a-TIP compartment, while aleurain, a protease that serves as a marker for an acidified vacuolar environment, is exclusively contained within the TIP-Ma27 compartment. As cells develop large vacuoles, the two compartments merge; this may represent a process by which storage produ ...
Hijacking of eukaryotic functions by intracellular bacterial pathogens
... E-cadherin [11], which is required for optimal intercellular adherence and adherence junction formation. Actin remodeling resulting from binding of InlA to E-cadherin is promoted by α and β-catenins, molecules that normally link the receptor to the cytoskeleton fibers present in the adherence juncti ...
... E-cadherin [11], which is required for optimal intercellular adherence and adherence junction formation. Actin remodeling resulting from binding of InlA to E-cadherin is promoted by α and β-catenins, molecules that normally link the receptor to the cytoskeleton fibers present in the adherence juncti ...
Identification of novel nucleus pulposus markers
... and CD221 as specific rat NP markers. Interestingly, CD24 has also been shown to be expressed by NP cells from sixto 17-year-old patients undergoing scoliosis surgery, having been proposed as an immature human NP-marker.89 In another rat phenotyping study, Lee et al80 identified annexin A3 (ANXA3), ...
... and CD221 as specific rat NP markers. Interestingly, CD24 has also been shown to be expressed by NP cells from sixto 17-year-old patients undergoing scoliosis surgery, having been proposed as an immature human NP-marker.89 In another rat phenotyping study, Lee et al80 identified annexin A3 (ANXA3), ...
Biology - OpenWetWare
... In 1838, Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants were made of cells. In 1839, Theodor Schwann stated that all animals were made of cells. In 1855, Rudolph Virchow concluded that new cells were created only from division of existing cells. These discoveries led to the cell theory. ...
... In 1838, Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants were made of cells. In 1839, Theodor Schwann stated that all animals were made of cells. In 1855, Rudolph Virchow concluded that new cells were created only from division of existing cells. These discoveries led to the cell theory. ...
The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
... are fused with the lysosome for degradation and recycling. While other processes like the ubiquitination are usually targeting single and short-lived proteins, autophagy has the ability to target complexes of longer-lived macromolecules for recycling. Autophagy is a normal process in the cell, neces ...
... are fused with the lysosome for degradation and recycling. While other processes like the ubiquitination are usually targeting single and short-lived proteins, autophagy has the ability to target complexes of longer-lived macromolecules for recycling. Autophagy is a normal process in the cell, neces ...
Inhibition of Cell Growth by Lovastatin Is Independent of ras Function
... M VA,' which is an intermediate in the sterol-biosynthetic path way (9-11). The polyisoprenoid is probably a farnesyl residue (11). Following translation of p21 raÃ-,the farnesyl moiety is apparently added to the invariant cysteine residue, which is located four amino acids from the COOH-terminus; t ...
... M VA,' which is an intermediate in the sterol-biosynthetic path way (9-11). The polyisoprenoid is probably a farnesyl residue (11). Following translation of p21 raÃ-,the farnesyl moiety is apparently added to the invariant cysteine residue, which is located four amino acids from the COOH-terminus; t ...
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES - Plant Biology PP2A
... cell divisions in the Arabidopsis root (5, 15, 16). ACR4 possesses an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane helix, and an intracellular domain that contains the juxtamembrane and the C-terminal subdomains, which flank the core kinase domain with serine/threonine kinase activity (Fig. ...
... cell divisions in the Arabidopsis root (5, 15, 16). ACR4 possesses an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane helix, and an intracellular domain that contains the juxtamembrane and the C-terminal subdomains, which flank the core kinase domain with serine/threonine kinase activity (Fig. ...
Impact of clostridial glucosylating toxins on the
... However, the studies from Gerhard et al. show a dependence on active TcdA leading to glucosylation of Rho GTPases for induction of apoptosis [11]. Thus, it is still unclear, how TcdA renders cells apoptotic. To further provide insights into these effects we investigated the changes in protein expres ...
... However, the studies from Gerhard et al. show a dependence on active TcdA leading to glucosylation of Rho GTPases for induction of apoptosis [11]. Thus, it is still unclear, how TcdA renders cells apoptotic. To further provide insights into these effects we investigated the changes in protein expres ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).