MM: 70 TIME : 3h
... There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and two questions of five marks each. You have to attempt only one of the given choices in such questions. Use of calculators is not permitted. ...
... There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and two questions of five marks each. You have to attempt only one of the given choices in such questions. Use of calculators is not permitted. ...
Design of a spherical focal surface using close
... overlapping fields, called micro-optics, to capture the spherical image produced by a monocentric lens such as the Gigagon [8], a spherical focal surface with no gaps can be realized from an array of flat sensors as illustrated in Fig. 1. The field covered by each set of micro-optics is relatively s ...
... overlapping fields, called micro-optics, to capture the spherical image produced by a monocentric lens such as the Gigagon [8], a spherical focal surface with no gaps can be realized from an array of flat sensors as illustrated in Fig. 1. The field covered by each set of micro-optics is relatively s ...
Mirrors and Reflection NOTES
... AP Multiple Choice Questions on Mirrors & Reflection 1. Questions deal with the type of image created by a mirror. Which type forms real images? Which type forms virtual images? When are images formed by mirrors smaller than the object? The same size as the object? Larger than the object? 2. They wi ...
... AP Multiple Choice Questions on Mirrors & Reflection 1. Questions deal with the type of image created by a mirror. Which type forms real images? Which type forms virtual images? When are images formed by mirrors smaller than the object? The same size as the object? Larger than the object? 2. They wi ...
Geometrical Optics 101: Paraxial Ray Tracing
... Within paraxial ray tracing, there are several assumptions that introduce error into the calculations. Paraxial ray tracing assumes that the tangent and sine of all angles are equal to the angles themselves (in other words, tan(u) = u and sin(u) = u). This approximation is valid for small angles, bu ...
... Within paraxial ray tracing, there are several assumptions that introduce error into the calculations. Paraxial ray tracing assumes that the tangent and sine of all angles are equal to the angles themselves (in other words, tan(u) = u and sin(u) = u). This approximation is valid for small angles, bu ...
Analysis of Optical Systems I
... We have already seen from Eq. (14. ) that C 0 = C, therefore, f1 = f2 = f Thus, if the elements of the transfer matrix are known, the location of the focal points and principal planes is determined. Graphical construction of ray paths through the system using the methods of ray tracing is then strai ...
... We have already seen from Eq. (14. ) that C 0 = C, therefore, f1 = f2 = f Thus, if the elements of the transfer matrix are known, the location of the focal points and principal planes is determined. Graphical construction of ray paths through the system using the methods of ray tracing is then strai ...
Gradient Index Optics at DARPA - Institute for Defense Analyses
... in Crete is more powerful and of far better quality than the Nimrud lens. Roman writers Pliny and Seneca refer to a lens used by an engraver in Pompeii possibly for magnification. The ancients perhaps used lenses for many purposes about which we are not aware. However, it is difficult to specify the ...
... in Crete is more powerful and of far better quality than the Nimrud lens. Roman writers Pliny and Seneca refer to a lens used by an engraver in Pompeii possibly for magnification. The ancients perhaps used lenses for many purposes about which we are not aware. However, it is difficult to specify the ...
M.H. Lu, C.F. Madigan, and J.C. Sturm, "Experiment and modeling of conversion of substrate-wave-guided modes to surface-emitted light by substrate patterning," Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 621, pp. Q3.7.1-Q3.7.6 (2000).
... By laminating lens arrays on the backside of the OLEDs, some of the light waveguided in the substrate is allowed to emit externally (Figure 1b). For example, Figure 3a shows the farfield emission intensity with and without a lens attached to an OLED made with a single layer poly-(N-vinylcarbazole) ( ...
... By laminating lens arrays on the backside of the OLEDs, some of the light waveguided in the substrate is allowed to emit externally (Figure 1b). For example, Figure 3a shows the farfield emission intensity with and without a lens attached to an OLED made with a single layer poly-(N-vinylcarbazole) ( ...
Modes in Optical Fibers
... Mount the He-Ne laser and the fiber coupler with 20X objective lens, so that the laser beam is parallel to the lens axis and strikes the lens at the center. Strip and cleave the both ends of the fiber. Be sure not to make any contact with the fiber end after cleaving. Mount the ends of the fiber in ...
... Mount the He-Ne laser and the fiber coupler with 20X objective lens, so that the laser beam is parallel to the lens axis and strikes the lens at the center. Strip and cleave the both ends of the fiber. Be sure not to make any contact with the fiber end after cleaving. Mount the ends of the fiber in ...
Using ray matrices to derive analytical expressions of optical
... Here we apply the above 3×3 ray matrix method to analyze spherical aberration. While this aberration can not be considered as a misalignment (perfectly centered elements present spherical aberration), we consider that that rays are affected by coordinate errors from paraxial regime due to the aberra ...
... Here we apply the above 3×3 ray matrix method to analyze spherical aberration. While this aberration can not be considered as a misalignment (perfectly centered elements present spherical aberration), we consider that that rays are affected by coordinate errors from paraxial regime due to the aberra ...
Final Exam Review Slides
... The wavelength of the radiated photon is larger for an electron falling n=4 to n=3 than n=2 to n=1. ...
... The wavelength of the radiated photon is larger for an electron falling n=4 to n=3 than n=2 to n=1. ...
Page 251 - eCM Journal
... terms are odd functions of the variable u while the remaining terms are even functions of u. By proper combination of the spot positions corresponding to +u and -u, the two groups can, therefore, be separated. In the following, we assume that the crystal foil employed is oriented in such a way that ...
... terms are odd functions of the variable u while the remaining terms are even functions of u. By proper combination of the spot positions corresponding to +u and -u, the two groups can, therefore, be separated. In the following, we assume that the crystal foil employed is oriented in such a way that ...
Specifying an Aspheric Surface
... shift from spherical to aspherical manufactured lenses. Some of these advantages include: Elimination of spherical aberration and reduction of other optical aberrations Replacement of a much more complex multi-lens system- resulting in a device which is smaller, lighter, and cheaper than a multi ...
... shift from spherical to aspherical manufactured lenses. Some of these advantages include: Elimination of spherical aberration and reduction of other optical aberrations Replacement of a much more complex multi-lens system- resulting in a device which is smaller, lighter, and cheaper than a multi ...
Telescopes for CCD Imaging
... wavelengths of light at different points are lessened. Yellow and green filters can help, especially in monochrome images. Red filters can produce pleasing results on the right objects. Really narrow band pass filters such as H Alpha filters can ...
... wavelengths of light at different points are lessened. Yellow and green filters can help, especially in monochrome images. Red filters can produce pleasing results on the right objects. Really narrow band pass filters such as H Alpha filters can ...
AOA Seal of Certification and Acceptance
... lenses. Clear eyeglass wearers also received Transitions® Trial Decals™ so that they could discover what it’s like to wear Transitions lenses in their own prescription eyeglasses. ...
... lenses. Clear eyeglass wearers also received Transitions® Trial Decals™ so that they could discover what it’s like to wear Transitions lenses in their own prescription eyeglasses. ...
Issues with Telescopes
... Adaptive optics measures the atmospheric distortions in the incoming light from a star or other object and sends electronic signals to a deformable mirror that can change its shape rapidly to correct for the distortions. In the system built for the 100-inch telescope, the light reflected from the te ...
... Adaptive optics measures the atmospheric distortions in the incoming light from a star or other object and sends electronic signals to a deformable mirror that can change its shape rapidly to correct for the distortions. In the system built for the 100-inch telescope, the light reflected from the te ...
Practical Calculations for Designing a Newtonian Telescope
... The choice for those primarily interested in "deep sky" observing is usually a fast focal ratio, or Richest Field, Newtonian (f/4 to f/5). Planetary work requires a large image scale usually provided by the standard (f/7 to f/8) or long focus Newtonian (f/10 to f/12). The focal ratio (f/#) is the fo ...
... The choice for those primarily interested in "deep sky" observing is usually a fast focal ratio, or Richest Field, Newtonian (f/4 to f/5). Planetary work requires a large image scale usually provided by the standard (f/7 to f/8) or long focus Newtonian (f/10 to f/12). The focal ratio (f/#) is the fo ...
The Intermediate Optical System of Laser
... To work in the diffraction limit, the back-focal plane (BFP, also known as the entrance aperture or Fourier plane and defined by the stop in the telecentric plane) must be uniformly filled by a planar wave. Failing to do so results in a smaller effective NA and hence in a broader spot and in poorer ...
... To work in the diffraction limit, the back-focal plane (BFP, also known as the entrance aperture or Fourier plane and defined by the stop in the telecentric plane) must be uniformly filled by a planar wave. Failing to do so results in a smaller effective NA and hence in a broader spot and in poorer ...
Concave Mirrors
... 4.7 Derive The ray diagram and the reasoning that follows allows you to derive a mathematical relationship between the distance of the object from a mirror do, the distance of the image from the mirror di, and the focal length of the mirror f. Carefully examine the derivation and evaluate the outcom ...
... 4.7 Derive The ray diagram and the reasoning that follows allows you to derive a mathematical relationship between the distance of the object from a mirror do, the distance of the image from the mirror di, and the focal length of the mirror f. Carefully examine the derivation and evaluate the outcom ...
Design, fabrication and testing of microlens arrays for sensors and
... interferometer. The wave aberrations of the measured surface were calculated by raytracing analysis. Figure 10 shows greyscale plots of (a) the directly measured aberrations in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and (b) the aberrations calculated by ray-tracing analysis from the surface measurement in a ...
... interferometer. The wave aberrations of the measured surface were calculated by raytracing analysis. Figure 10 shows greyscale plots of (a) the directly measured aberrations in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and (b) the aberrations calculated by ray-tracing analysis from the surface measurement in a ...
Negative refraction - Condensed Matter Theory group
... common to use the term ‘negatively refracting’ to describe these double negative materials. In view of the role of causality in guiding us to physically correct solutions, we shall henceforth prefer to write ε → −1 rather than ε = −1 , with a similar convention for µ . Thus we stress the importance ...
... common to use the term ‘negatively refracting’ to describe these double negative materials. In view of the role of causality in guiding us to physically correct solutions, we shall henceforth prefer to write ε → −1 rather than ε = −1 , with a similar convention for µ . Thus we stress the importance ...
Aberration-free three-dimensional multiphoton imaging of neuronal
... microscope has a lateral scan unit (LSU) to scan the focal spot in the x-y plane and an axial scan unit (ASU) to independently scan the focal spot in the z direction. Unlike traditional systems, which are only capable of high-speed scanning in the x-y plane, this microscope can scan the focal spot a ...
... microscope has a lateral scan unit (LSU) to scan the focal spot in the x-y plane and an axial scan unit (ASU) to independently scan the focal spot in the z direction. Unlike traditional systems, which are only capable of high-speed scanning in the x-y plane, this microscope can scan the focal spot a ...
Partially Coherent Image Formation Theory for X
... Figure 2 depicts a typical partially coherent imaging system where the object is trans-illuminated via a condenser, and imaged by an objective lens onto the image plane. Coordinate systems for the source, condenser, object, objective lens, and image planes, together with their relative distances alo ...
... Figure 2 depicts a typical partially coherent imaging system where the object is trans-illuminated via a condenser, and imaged by an objective lens onto the image plane. Coordinate systems for the source, condenser, object, objective lens, and image planes, together with their relative distances alo ...
fourier optics - The Institute of Optics
... Radiation into the right-half-space from a circular aperture in the z = 0 plane Notation in the calculation for Sommerfeld’s Green’s function with a δ -function at point r0 (x1 , y1 , z1 ) in the right-half-space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sommerfeld’s Green’s function in Eq. (23) and in ...
... Radiation into the right-half-space from a circular aperture in the z = 0 plane Notation in the calculation for Sommerfeld’s Green’s function with a δ -function at point r0 (x1 , y1 , z1 ) in the right-half-space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sommerfeld’s Green’s function in Eq. (23) and in ...
MICROSCOPY I: BRIGHT
... thickness of a typical biological specimen, makes possible the “optical sectioning” of specimens. 0.6 λ For a perfect lens with a circular aperture, the resolving power is given by: d = ---------------where: n sinθ 0.6 = constant related to the distance between two objects distinguishable by the hum ...
... thickness of a typical biological specimen, makes possible the “optical sectioning” of specimens. 0.6 λ For a perfect lens with a circular aperture, the resolving power is given by: d = ---------------where: n sinθ 0.6 = constant related to the distance between two objects distinguishable by the hum ...
Optical microscope - Frank`s Hospital Workshop
... that the images are shown directly on the monitor. Often called "USB" microscopes, they offer high magnifications (up to about 200×) without the need to use eyepieces, and at very low cost. The precise magnification is determined by the working distance between the camera and the object, and good su ...
... that the images are shown directly on the monitor. Often called "USB" microscopes, they offer high magnifications (up to about 200×) without the need to use eyepieces, and at very low cost. The precise magnification is determined by the working distance between the camera and the object, and good su ...
Lens (optics)
A lens is a transmissive optical device that affects the focus of a light beam through refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually along a common axis. Lenses are made from transparent materials such as glass, ground and polished to a desired shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly refract radiation other than visible light are also called lenses, such as microwave lenses or acoustic lenses.