Gene Flow (migration)
... their own mates, often on the basis of their phenotypes - Non-random mating increases the proportion of homozygous individuals in a population, but does not affect the frequencies of alleles - E.g. 1: Preferred Phenotypes - In herds of caribou, males compete for mates by using their antlers to spar ...
... their own mates, often on the basis of their phenotypes - Non-random mating increases the proportion of homozygous individuals in a population, but does not affect the frequencies of alleles - E.g. 1: Preferred Phenotypes - In herds of caribou, males compete for mates by using their antlers to spar ...
BIOS 1710 SI Week 11 Session 3 Tuesday 7:05
... 17. Which of the following is not one of the four observations that led Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace to reach that eureka moment of understanding the process of natural selection in evolution? a. Phenotypic variation is heritable, that is, passed on to the offspring of those having the traits ...
... 17. Which of the following is not one of the four observations that led Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace to reach that eureka moment of understanding the process of natural selection in evolution? a. Phenotypic variation is heritable, that is, passed on to the offspring of those having the traits ...
Elementary Genetics - American Herbataurus Society
... when used by breeders who recognize its potentialities and its limitations and by those who have made a detailed study of the principles of breeding. Even in these instances, success will depend upon the breeder’s ability to find and recognize individuals of outstanding merit. Nevertheless, the indu ...
... when used by breeders who recognize its potentialities and its limitations and by those who have made a detailed study of the principles of breeding. Even in these instances, success will depend upon the breeder’s ability to find and recognize individuals of outstanding merit. Nevertheless, the indu ...
Advances in Genetics
... • There are three major methods used by people to develop desirable traits in organisms: ▫ Selective breeding ▫ Cloning ▫ Genetic engineering ...
... • There are three major methods used by people to develop desirable traits in organisms: ▫ Selective breeding ▫ Cloning ▫ Genetic engineering ...
Natural selection handout
... Biotic potential: All species have such great potential fertility that their population size would increase exponentially if all individuals reproduced successfully. Variation within a population: Individuals of a population vary extensively in their characteristics. Differential survival: Sur ...
... Biotic potential: All species have such great potential fertility that their population size would increase exponentially if all individuals reproduced successfully. Variation within a population: Individuals of a population vary extensively in their characteristics. Differential survival: Sur ...
Behavioral Evolution and Sexual Selection Why does mate choice
... that women might (subconsciously?) prefer mates who are genetically different from themselves. This may be a case of inbreeding avoidance. ...
... that women might (subconsciously?) prefer mates who are genetically different from themselves. This may be a case of inbreeding avoidance. ...
26_Helpers - life.illinois.edu
... • Expected success of breeding independently. • Expected success of the group if the individual stays. • The relatedness among group members. • The probability of beating a dominant for a share of reproduction. Skew should increase with: ...
... • Expected success of breeding independently. • Expected success of the group if the individual stays. • The relatedness among group members. • The probability of beating a dominant for a share of reproduction. Skew should increase with: ...
Genetic Engineering
... • A method of improving a species by allowing only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation – Nearly all domestic animals and crop plants have been produced by selective breeding ...
... • A method of improving a species by allowing only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation – Nearly all domestic animals and crop plants have been produced by selective breeding ...
Crossword Puzzle for Synthetic Theory of Evolution
... population size effect caused by a dramatic reduction in genetic diversity of a population or species due to an ecological crisis that wipes out most members. 3. Evolution, or change, in gene pool frequencies resulting from random chance. This process of evolution occurs most rapidly in small popula ...
... population size effect caused by a dramatic reduction in genetic diversity of a population or species due to an ecological crisis that wipes out most members. 3. Evolution, or change, in gene pool frequencies resulting from random chance. This process of evolution occurs most rapidly in small popula ...
Section 16-2
... 5. Starlings produce an average of five eggs in each clutch. If there are more than five, the parents cannot adequately feed the young. If there are fewer than five, predators may destroy the entire clutch. This is an example of a. disruptive selection. b. stabilizing selection. ...
... 5. Starlings produce an average of five eggs in each clutch. If there are more than five, the parents cannot adequately feed the young. If there are fewer than five, predators may destroy the entire clutch. This is an example of a. disruptive selection. b. stabilizing selection. ...
direct selection
... into sociobiology as explained by Hamilton's rule. They are haplodiploid; males are produced from unfertilized eggs, having only half the normal genetic number as the females. The result of this is that sisters, who usually have the same father and all of his genes, are related by 3/4. To their moth ...
... into sociobiology as explained by Hamilton's rule. They are haplodiploid; males are produced from unfertilized eggs, having only half the normal genetic number as the females. The result of this is that sisters, who usually have the same father and all of his genes, are related by 3/4. To their moth ...
Changing Allele Frequencies
... We marry people similar to ourselves 80% of the time 1/3 of all marriages occur between people who were born <10 miles apart Certain individuals contribute more to the next generation than others – Prize bull semen – Chinese immigrant to South African with rare dominant mutation that causes teeth to ...
... We marry people similar to ourselves 80% of the time 1/3 of all marriages occur between people who were born <10 miles apart Certain individuals contribute more to the next generation than others – Prize bull semen – Chinese immigrant to South African with rare dominant mutation that causes teeth to ...
Presentation
... b. However, inbreeding decreases the proportion of heterozygotes. c. In human populations, inbreeding increases the frequency of recessive abnormalities. ...
... b. However, inbreeding decreases the proportion of heterozygotes. c. In human populations, inbreeding increases the frequency of recessive abnormalities. ...
lecture_1 - Dr. Christopher L. Parkinson
... historical impediments to movement and thus to relatively ancient population subdivisions. Differences among populations can also reflect natural, contemporary patterns of gene flow, provide insights into how natural populations maintain genetic variation and indicate the impact of anthropogenic fra ...
... historical impediments to movement and thus to relatively ancient population subdivisions. Differences among populations can also reflect natural, contemporary patterns of gene flow, provide insights into how natural populations maintain genetic variation and indicate the impact of anthropogenic fra ...
Positive assortative mating
... Effective population size - number of individuals in the population that successfully pass genes to the next generation. -usually smaller than the actual population (census) size -drift will occur more quickly in smaller populations ...
... Effective population size - number of individuals in the population that successfully pass genes to the next generation. -usually smaller than the actual population (census) size -drift will occur more quickly in smaller populations ...
INBREEDING IN HOLSTEIN CATTLE:
... sometimes done with outstanding animals trying to fix or concentrate the genes of that superior animal in its progeny. Out-breeding (or outcross) Out-breeding is the opposite of inbreeding: it‟s the mating of animals that are less related than the average degree of relationship within the population ...
... sometimes done with outstanding animals trying to fix or concentrate the genes of that superior animal in its progeny. Out-breeding (or outcross) Out-breeding is the opposite of inbreeding: it‟s the mating of animals that are less related than the average degree of relationship within the population ...
Ne - reproseed
... species but their use is still relatively limited for effective management of inbreeding, domestication and selection of marine mollusks. • The ‘next step’ will be the use of QTLs / genomewide approaches in selective breeding programs ...
... species but their use is still relatively limited for effective management of inbreeding, domestication and selection of marine mollusks. • The ‘next step’ will be the use of QTLs / genomewide approaches in selective breeding programs ...
Chapter Outline
... a. British snails (Cepaea nemoralis) vary because a wide habitat range causes natural selection to vary. b. In forest areas, thrushes feed on snails with light bands. c. In low-vegetation areas, thrushes feed on snails with dark shells that lack light bands. B. Sexual Selection 1. Sexual selection r ...
... a. British snails (Cepaea nemoralis) vary because a wide habitat range causes natural selection to vary. b. In forest areas, thrushes feed on snails with light bands. c. In low-vegetation areas, thrushes feed on snails with dark shells that lack light bands. B. Sexual Selection 1. Sexual selection r ...
Sexual Selection
... smallest cell in the human body Females have limited reproductive potential… they will be more choosy. A research study in 2009 done by Finkel and Eastwick supported that in humans, males are choosier than females in certain social situations. Males that adopt a long term mating strategy can b ...
... smallest cell in the human body Females have limited reproductive potential… they will be more choosy. A research study in 2009 done by Finkel and Eastwick supported that in humans, males are choosier than females in certain social situations. Males that adopt a long term mating strategy can b ...
Exam 2 Practice Questions
... under K or r-selection? What does this type of spatial distribution tell you about the level of competition? K-selection, high competition ...
... under K or r-selection? What does this type of spatial distribution tell you about the level of competition? K-selection, high competition ...
BIO 373 Exam 2 Practice Questions
... under K or r-selection? What does this type of spatial distribution tell you about the level of competition? K-selection, high competition ...
... under K or r-selection? What does this type of spatial distribution tell you about the level of competition? K-selection, high competition ...
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of natural and sexual selection in order to prevent breeding among related individuals in that species or population. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of said mechanisms.Inbreeding results in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the appearance of disadvantageous traits via the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair’s progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate. The second mechanism relates to the increased fitness of heterozygotes. Many studies have demonstrated that homozygous individuals are often disadvantaged with respect to heterozygous individuals. For example, a study conducted on a population of South African cheetahs demonstrated that the lack of genetic variability among individuals in the population has resulted in negative consequences for individuals, such as a greater rate of juvenile mortality and spermatozoal abnormalities. When heterozygotes possess a fitness advantage relative to a homozygote, a population with a large number of homozygotes will have a relatively reduced fitness, thus leading to inbreeding depression. Through these described mechanisms, the effects of inbreeding depression are often severe enough to cause the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms.