Scientific Farm Animal Production: Chapter 14 Mating Systems Key
... 1. Animals derived from matings within a single breed are called _____________? Animals derived from matings within a single breed are called Purebreds. ...
... 1. Animals derived from matings within a single breed are called _____________? Animals derived from matings within a single breed are called Purebreds. ...
natural selection
... point of extinction the remaining individuals do not carry a true representation of the original gene pool. – FOUNDER EFFECT – when a small number of individuals colonize a new area they only carry with them a small representation of the total number of the alleles from the gene pool. ...
... point of extinction the remaining individuals do not carry a true representation of the original gene pool. – FOUNDER EFFECT – when a small number of individuals colonize a new area they only carry with them a small representation of the total number of the alleles from the gene pool. ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... c. Red deer stake out a territory, an area that is defended against competitors. 1) Territoriality involves the type of behavior needed to defend a particular territory. 2) A stag competes for females that form a harem that mate only with him. 3) A stag remains at peak fighting ability for only a sh ...
... c. Red deer stake out a territory, an area that is defended against competitors. 1) Territoriality involves the type of behavior needed to defend a particular territory. 2) A stag competes for females that form a harem that mate only with him. 3) A stag remains at peak fighting ability for only a sh ...
Pedigree Analysis and How Breeding Decisions Affect Genes
... between two breeds, or a hybrid, like a Cockapoo. The resultant litter tends to be uniform, but demonstrates "half-way points" between the dissimilar traits of the parents. Such litters may be phenotypically uniform, but will rarely breed true due to the mix of dissimilar genes. One reason to outbre ...
... between two breeds, or a hybrid, like a Cockapoo. The resultant litter tends to be uniform, but demonstrates "half-way points" between the dissimilar traits of the parents. Such litters may be phenotypically uniform, but will rarely breed true due to the mix of dissimilar genes. One reason to outbre ...
BIOLOGY 350
... 1. (15pts) Name all of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium assumptions (okay, there are ...
... 1. (15pts) Name all of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium assumptions (okay, there are ...
Population Genetics (Chp. 13-15) Allele Frequencies- Chp. 13 pp. 263-276
... Population level- Humans in a certain area/race/country/continents/classroom Other levels (Human Race) Chapter 13 Population- any group of members of the same species in a given geographical area at a specific time Population genetics – a branch that considers all of the alleles in a population whic ...
... Population level- Humans in a certain area/race/country/continents/classroom Other levels (Human Race) Chapter 13 Population- any group of members of the same species in a given geographical area at a specific time Population genetics – a branch that considers all of the alleles in a population whic ...
Implications of inbreeding on the dairy industry
... One tool that indicates the level of inbreeding is the inbreeding coefficient, which indicates the probability that two alleles for any gene are identical by descent. The inbreeding coefficient theoretically ranges from 0 to 100 percent and tells what portion of the traits an animal is homozygous fo ...
... One tool that indicates the level of inbreeding is the inbreeding coefficient, which indicates the probability that two alleles for any gene are identical by descent. The inbreeding coefficient theoretically ranges from 0 to 100 percent and tells what portion of the traits an animal is homozygous fo ...
Name________________ Where does variation come from
... Name________________ Where does variation come from? - Guided Notes _____________ are controlled by genes. Individuals within a population are not _____________, there is _______________ or differences within the populations genes. ________________________: process by which organisms with traits bes ...
... Name________________ Where does variation come from? - Guided Notes _____________ are controlled by genes. Individuals within a population are not _____________, there is _______________ or differences within the populations genes. ________________________: process by which organisms with traits bes ...
Kin Selection Definition Otherwise known as inclusive fitness theory
... gene can propagate itself through two routes. The first is by increasing the likelihood that body in which it resides (the self) will survive and reproduce (e.g., by leading to the selection of nutritious foods and fertile mates). The second is by increasing the reproduction of close relatives (kin) ...
... gene can propagate itself through two routes. The first is by increasing the likelihood that body in which it resides (the self) will survive and reproduce (e.g., by leading to the selection of nutritious foods and fertile mates). The second is by increasing the reproduction of close relatives (kin) ...
Test Cross
... • If the results (from breeding) are 50% red and 50% white, then you conclude that the bull is heterozygous. • If the results are 100% red, then it is homozygous. ...
... • If the results (from breeding) are 50% red and 50% white, then you conclude that the bull is heterozygous. • If the results are 100% red, then it is homozygous. ...
Selective Breeding
... Certain strains of oil-digesting bacteria are effective for cleaning up oil spills, and scientists are currently working to produce bacteria that can clean up radioactive substances and metal pollution in the environment. ...
... Certain strains of oil-digesting bacteria are effective for cleaning up oil spills, and scientists are currently working to produce bacteria that can clean up radioactive substances and metal pollution in the environment. ...
Document
... in or on the body of its host, at least during a part of its lifecycle Kill & consume less than or equal to one victim in order to complete development ...
... in or on the body of its host, at least during a part of its lifecycle Kill & consume less than or equal to one victim in order to complete development ...
HND Sample – Animal Studies
... Linebreeding is mating animals who are closely related to the same ancestor but are not closely related to each other through any other ancestors. Inbreeding is a much closer cross between the mating pair than line breeding, for example breeding sons with mothers, or brothers to sisters. The purpose ...
... Linebreeding is mating animals who are closely related to the same ancestor but are not closely related to each other through any other ancestors. Inbreeding is a much closer cross between the mating pair than line breeding, for example breeding sons with mothers, or brothers to sisters. The purpose ...
Using Crossbreeding and Hybrids
... • Artificial means of producing desirable traits. • Genes can be moved from one species to another. • Gene splicing is the moving of hereditary characteristics from one organism to another often unrelated organism. ...
... • Artificial means of producing desirable traits. • Genes can be moved from one species to another. • Gene splicing is the moving of hereditary characteristics from one organism to another often unrelated organism. ...
Genetic Drift The Founder Effect The Founder Effect
... an approximation of effective size that accounts for sex ratio is given by: Ne ! (4Nm* Nf) / (Nm + Nf) ...
... an approximation of effective size that accounts for sex ratio is given by: Ne ! (4Nm* Nf) / (Nm + Nf) ...
AA - RUA
... features are more likely to survive and reproduce than others • Fitness (W) measures the number of offspring an individual has, relative to the most fit individual • W=0, no offspring; W=1, the highest number of offspring • Selection changes allele frequencies because some genotypes contribute more ...
... features are more likely to survive and reproduce than others • Fitness (W) measures the number of offspring an individual has, relative to the most fit individual • W=0, no offspring; W=1, the highest number of offspring • Selection changes allele frequencies because some genotypes contribute more ...
Biology 331 Genetics
... The random fixation of alleles The frequencies of alleles vary through time Eventually alleles go to either fixation or loss ...
... The random fixation of alleles The frequencies of alleles vary through time Eventually alleles go to either fixation or loss ...
Evolution Quiz Week 6
... a. Non-synonymous: synonymous (between species) > Non-synonymous: synonymous (between populations) b. Non-synonymous: synonymous (between species) = Non-synonymous: synonymous (between populations) + c. Non-synonymous: synonymous (between species) < Non-synonymous: synonymous (between populations) B ...
... a. Non-synonymous: synonymous (between species) > Non-synonymous: synonymous (between populations) b. Non-synonymous: synonymous (between species) = Non-synonymous: synonymous (between populations) + c. Non-synonymous: synonymous (between species) < Non-synonymous: synonymous (between populations) B ...
Evolutionary Processes ()
... • Can result from gene flow, non-random mating, genetic drift, mutation and natural selection. ...
... • Can result from gene flow, non-random mating, genetic drift, mutation and natural selection. ...
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of natural and sexual selection in order to prevent breeding among related individuals in that species or population. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of said mechanisms.Inbreeding results in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the appearance of disadvantageous traits via the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair’s progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate. The second mechanism relates to the increased fitness of heterozygotes. Many studies have demonstrated that homozygous individuals are often disadvantaged with respect to heterozygous individuals. For example, a study conducted on a population of South African cheetahs demonstrated that the lack of genetic variability among individuals in the population has resulted in negative consequences for individuals, such as a greater rate of juvenile mortality and spermatozoal abnormalities. When heterozygotes possess a fitness advantage relative to a homozygote, a population with a large number of homozygotes will have a relatively reduced fitness, thus leading to inbreeding depression. Through these described mechanisms, the effects of inbreeding depression are often severe enough to cause the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms.