The increasing recreational use of nitrous oxide: history revisited
... users dispense the nitrous oxide canisters into whipped cream dispensers (‘whippets’) and inhale the gas directly from the nozzle. The lack of a reducing valve means that this inhaled gas is under considerable pressure, and instances of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema have been attribut ...
... users dispense the nitrous oxide canisters into whipped cream dispensers (‘whippets’) and inhale the gas directly from the nozzle. The lack of a reducing valve means that this inhaled gas is under considerable pressure, and instances of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema have been attribut ...
NMDA Receptor Antagonists
... Nicotine nasal spray dose of 3 mg versus NS nasal spray placebo during closure. VAS scores Nicotine grp: 44-5 VAS scores Placebo grp: 77 -8 Analgesic effects last 24 hours despite 45 minute kinetics lifespan of nasal nicotine. Flood P, Daniel D. Intranasal nicotine for postoperative pain treat ...
... Nicotine nasal spray dose of 3 mg versus NS nasal spray placebo during closure. VAS scores Nicotine grp: 44-5 VAS scores Placebo grp: 77 -8 Analgesic effects last 24 hours despite 45 minute kinetics lifespan of nasal nicotine. Flood P, Daniel D. Intranasal nicotine for postoperative pain treat ...
2 receptor
... CASE STUDY A teenage boy is seen at the office of a dental surgeon for extraction of an impacted wisdom tooth. He is so nervous that the dentist decides to administer a sedative to calm the boy. After intravenous administration of the sedative (promethazine), the boy relaxes and the extraction is ac ...
... CASE STUDY A teenage boy is seen at the office of a dental surgeon for extraction of an impacted wisdom tooth. He is so nervous that the dentist decides to administer a sedative to calm the boy. After intravenous administration of the sedative (promethazine), the boy relaxes and the extraction is ac ...
Chapter 11 Objectives
... 1. Describe the antianxiety drugs as a group: The antianxiety drugs are sedativehypnotic agents that can produce varying degrees of CNS depression. Small doses produce mild CNS depression known as sedation( reduction of activity and simple anxiety) and larger doses produce greater CNS depression lik ...
... 1. Describe the antianxiety drugs as a group: The antianxiety drugs are sedativehypnotic agents that can produce varying degrees of CNS depression. Small doses produce mild CNS depression known as sedation( reduction of activity and simple anxiety) and larger doses produce greater CNS depression lik ...
Recreational Drugs
... Injection and inhalation causes symptoms in 1-2 minutes and lasts 5-10 minutes. Ingestion cause symptoms in 20-30 minutes and lasts 15-30 minutes. Increased use can reduce period of stimulation. If ethanol is present during the metabolism of cocaine, cocaethylene is produced. Cocaethelyne ...
... Injection and inhalation causes symptoms in 1-2 minutes and lasts 5-10 minutes. Ingestion cause symptoms in 20-30 minutes and lasts 15-30 minutes. Increased use can reduce period of stimulation. If ethanol is present during the metabolism of cocaine, cocaethylene is produced. Cocaethelyne ...
web.unife.it
... About This Presentation These slides were developed using the March 2005 Pediatric Guidelines. The intended audience is clinicians involved in the care of patients with HIV. The user is cautioned that, due to the rapidly changing field of HIV care, this information could become out of date quickly. ...
... About This Presentation These slides were developed using the March 2005 Pediatric Guidelines. The intended audience is clinicians involved in the care of patients with HIV. The user is cautioned that, due to the rapidly changing field of HIV care, this information could become out of date quickly. ...
The Major Narcotics
... The nonmedical use of prescription medications is associated with higher rates of tobacco, alcohol and other drug use 5% of 12 to 17 year olds reported nonmedical use of ...
... The nonmedical use of prescription medications is associated with higher rates of tobacco, alcohol and other drug use 5% of 12 to 17 year olds reported nonmedical use of ...
Fading Sugammadex, or Just Cautiously (re) Considered?!
... Pharmacokinetic studies recommend dosing rocuronium on ideal body weight (IBW), rather than on real body weight (RBW) based on its weak lipophilicity [10]. The groups significantly differed only as to the type of anesthesia used – total intravenous anaesthesia and fentanyl use most frequently associ ...
... Pharmacokinetic studies recommend dosing rocuronium on ideal body weight (IBW), rather than on real body weight (RBW) based on its weak lipophilicity [10]. The groups significantly differed only as to the type of anesthesia used – total intravenous anaesthesia and fentanyl use most frequently associ ...
Anesthesia, Analgesia and Animal Pain Management
... increase the desired effects and decrease side-effects. An injectable combination (typically, ketamine-xylazine or ketamine-dexmedetomidine) may be appropriate for some procedures, but adding an inhalant (typically, isoflurane) delivered via a precision vaporizer, allows titration minute-by-minute t ...
... increase the desired effects and decrease side-effects. An injectable combination (typically, ketamine-xylazine or ketamine-dexmedetomidine) may be appropriate for some procedures, but adding an inhalant (typically, isoflurane) delivered via a precision vaporizer, allows titration minute-by-minute t ...
Regular Clinical Use Bispectral Index Monitoring May Result in
... controlled trial (RCT);3 5 are prospective uncontrolled trials; 7 are case series and clinical audits; 18 are letters, comments, and editorials; 7 are neurobiologic reports; and more than 30 are abstracts from important scientific meetings, including my own presentation at the American Society of An ...
... controlled trial (RCT);3 5 are prospective uncontrolled trials; 7 are case series and clinical audits; 18 are letters, comments, and editorials; 7 are neurobiologic reports; and more than 30 are abstracts from important scientific meetings, including my own presentation at the American Society of An ...
Surgery In Diabetes Mellitus
... fasting plasma glucose with pre-meal bolus soluble insulin, this situation requires addition of small dose of intermediate acting insulin at bed time. 2. In a few NIDDM patients the blood sugar can not be controlled only with insulin, adding small doses of oral antidiabetic drug is rationale as this ...
... fasting plasma glucose with pre-meal bolus soluble insulin, this situation requires addition of small dose of intermediate acting insulin at bed time. 2. In a few NIDDM patients the blood sugar can not be controlled only with insulin, adding small doses of oral antidiabetic drug is rationale as this ...
PerioPerative reflex Bradycardia and cardiac arrest
... When regional anesthesia is performed, lateral position for insertion of the spinal or epidural is preferable to the sitting position1,82 at the same time, caution should be given to drug dosage, baricity and patient positioning to control cephalad spread of the anesthetic1,83. Special care should b ...
... When regional anesthesia is performed, lateral position for insertion of the spinal or epidural is preferable to the sitting position1,82 at the same time, caution should be given to drug dosage, baricity and patient positioning to control cephalad spread of the anesthetic1,83. Special care should b ...
Lecture 10a
... it does not possess a free phenol group, but the ester function rapidly hydrolyzed in the brain Heroin was used as cough suppressant and as non-addictive morphine substitute until it was found that it is habit forming as well ...
... it does not possess a free phenol group, but the ester function rapidly hydrolyzed in the brain Heroin was used as cough suppressant and as non-addictive morphine substitute until it was found that it is habit forming as well ...
Effects of nitrous oxide on diazepam sedation of young children
... returned to normal whenthe stimulus ended. In regard to respiratory rate, similar transitory changes (for example, from 24 to 40) occurred at a time of particular stimulus. Adverseeffects Two subjects coughed up small amounts of fluid during treatment and one spit up slightly at the end of treatment ...
... returned to normal whenthe stimulus ended. In regard to respiratory rate, similar transitory changes (for example, from 24 to 40) occurred at a time of particular stimulus. Adverseeffects Two subjects coughed up small amounts of fluid during treatment and one spit up slightly at the end of treatment ...
Procedure: The patient is placed in a supine position with
... vomiting, which can be managed by adding an adjuvant to local anesthetics. Advantages of adding adjuvant to local anesthetic include prolongation of sensory block, motor block, delayed onset of pain in the postoperative period, low dosage administration of opioid analgesics in the postoperative peri ...
... vomiting, which can be managed by adding an adjuvant to local anesthetics. Advantages of adding adjuvant to local anesthetic include prolongation of sensory block, motor block, delayed onset of pain in the postoperative period, low dosage administration of opioid analgesics in the postoperative peri ...
pph preoperative medication procedure
... SSRIs may also increase the need for transfusions with surgery. A retrospective study of 520 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery found that the risk for transfusion was increased in patients on serotonergic antidepressants (most of which were SSRIs) (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.35-10.18) but not in patient ...
... SSRIs may also increase the need for transfusions with surgery. A retrospective study of 520 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery found that the risk for transfusion was increased in patients on serotonergic antidepressants (most of which were SSRIs) (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.35-10.18) but not in patient ...
Full Text - Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
... for end stage liver disease scores can help anesthesiologists determine the risk of surgery (14). When inducing anesthesia in patients with hepatic disease, close monitoring should be performed for the patient. Thus, oxygen demand and supply should be carefully monitored, which is achieved through p ...
... for end stage liver disease scores can help anesthesiologists determine the risk of surgery (14). When inducing anesthesia in patients with hepatic disease, close monitoring should be performed for the patient. Thus, oxygen demand and supply should be carefully monitored, which is achieved through p ...
Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia
... hours. In canines the duration of effect is 10 to 24 hours. Spinally administered opioids have been shown to decrease inhalant requirements by up to 50% of the normally ...
... hours. In canines the duration of effect is 10 to 24 hours. Spinally administered opioids have been shown to decrease inhalant requirements by up to 50% of the normally ...
Effects of adding Magnesium Sulphate to Ropivacaine and Dr. Manjula R,
... channels in a voltage dependent manner (20,21,22) .This drug is both analgesic and anti - nociceptive additive drug. When used with local anaesthetic, it resulted in prolongation of analgesia without significant complication(23,24).This prolongation of anaesthesia is consistent with the experimental ...
... channels in a voltage dependent manner (20,21,22) .This drug is both analgesic and anti - nociceptive additive drug. When used with local anaesthetic, it resulted in prolongation of analgesia without significant complication(23,24).This prolongation of anaesthesia is consistent with the experimental ...
factors affecting block height
... • Baricity is the ratio of the density of a local anesthetic solution to the density of CSF. • Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of solution (g/mL) at a specific temperature. • Density may be compared between different substances by calculating the specific gravity, which is the ratio o ...
... • Baricity is the ratio of the density of a local anesthetic solution to the density of CSF. • Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of solution (g/mL) at a specific temperature. • Density may be compared between different substances by calculating the specific gravity, which is the ratio o ...
evaluation of the effect of lidocain induced local anaesthesia on
... Lidocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug used intravenously for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and in refractory cases of status epilepticus. Inhaled lidocaine can also be used as a cough suppressor acting peripherally below the larynx. It is also used as a common den ...
... Lidocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug used intravenously for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and in refractory cases of status epilepticus. Inhaled lidocaine can also be used as a cough suppressor acting peripherally below the larynx. It is also used as a common den ...
Rapanofal Package Insert
... administration (administration should take 60 to 90 seconds). The doses for induction and maintenance vary depending upon species and preanesthetics. The duration of anesthesia varies depending upon species, dose, and preanesthetics. In dogs, the duration of anesthesia following the recommended indu ...
... administration (administration should take 60 to 90 seconds). The doses for induction and maintenance vary depending upon species and preanesthetics. The duration of anesthesia varies depending upon species, dose, and preanesthetics. In dogs, the duration of anesthesia following the recommended indu ...
Local Anesthesia in Dentistry
... looking at articaine as a new injectable anesthetic (LA) entering the market. The authors use 116 articles published before 2011 to put articaine in perspective between other LA’s. There are numerous comparisons establishing the efficacy of articaine when compared predominantly to lidocaine, but als ...
... looking at articaine as a new injectable anesthetic (LA) entering the market. The authors use 116 articles published before 2011 to put articaine in perspective between other LA’s. There are numerous comparisons establishing the efficacy of articaine when compared predominantly to lidocaine, but als ...
History of general anesthesia
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Attempts at producing a state of general anesthesia can be traced throughout recorded history in the writings of the ancient Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Indians, and Chinese. During the Middle Ages, which correspond roughly to what is sometimes referred to as the Islamic Golden Age, scientists and other scholars made significant advances in science and medicine in the Muslim world and Eastern world, while their European counterparts also made important advances.The Renaissance saw significant advances in anatomy and surgical technique. However, despite all this progress, surgery remained a treatment of last resort. Largely because of the associated pain, many patients with surgical disorders chose certain death rather than undergo surgery. Although there has been a great deal of debate as to who deserves the most credit for the discovery of general anesthesia, it is generally agreed that certain scientific discoveries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries were critical to the eventual introduction and development of modern anesthetic techniques.Two ""quantum leaps"" occurred in the late 19th century, which together allowed the transition to modern surgery. An appreciation of the germ theory of disease led rapidly to the development and application of antiseptic techniques in surgery. Antisepsis, which soon gave way to asepsis, reduced the overall morbidity and mortality of surgery to a far more acceptable rate than in previous eras. Concurrent with these developments were the significant advances in pharmacology and physiology which led to the development of general anesthesia and the control of pain.In the 20th century, the safety and efficacy of general anesthesia was improved by the routine use of tracheal intubation and other advanced airway management techniques. Significant advances in monitoring and new anesthetic agents with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics also contributed to this trend. Finally, standardized training programs for anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists emerged during this period. And, of course, the increased application of economic and business administration principles to health care in the late 20th and early 21st centuries inevitably led to the introduction of management practices such as transfer pricing to improve the efficiency of anesthetists.