The dose-related effects of bolus esmolol on heart rate and blood
... other agents used in the studies ranged from lowdose narcotic to moderate-dose narcotic to no narcotic. Some studies used benzodiazepines, whereas others did not. Also, bolus administration vs infusion of esmolol was studied for effectiveness in decreasing heart rate and blood pressure during induct ...
... other agents used in the studies ranged from lowdose narcotic to moderate-dose narcotic to no narcotic. Some studies used benzodiazepines, whereas others did not. Also, bolus administration vs infusion of esmolol was studied for effectiveness in decreasing heart rate and blood pressure during induct ...
Ethical Euthanasia and Short-Term Anesthesia of the Chick
... regulated by national legislation in most countries. If pentobarbital is not available, the use of other injectable anesthetic agents may be considered, such as a combination of ketamine and an alpha-2 agonist, i.e., medetomidine or xylazine. It must be noted that none of these is to be used as a mo ...
... regulated by national legislation in most countries. If pentobarbital is not available, the use of other injectable anesthetic agents may be considered, such as a combination of ketamine and an alpha-2 agonist, i.e., medetomidine or xylazine. It must be noted that none of these is to be used as a mo ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... pharmacological actions; and decreased incidence of bradyarrythmias as an advantage 6.We used lower doses also because malignancy patients are already compromised as discussed previously. In this study we observed there was markedly decreased bleeding and better operative conditions thus increasing ...
... pharmacological actions; and decreased incidence of bradyarrythmias as an advantage 6.We used lower doses also because malignancy patients are already compromised as discussed previously. In this study we observed there was markedly decreased bleeding and better operative conditions thus increasing ...
Evidence-Based Perspectives on Contemporary Approaches to
... A minimally depressed level of consciousness produced by a pharmacologic method that retains the patient’s ability to independently and continuously maintain an airway and respond normally to tactile stimulation and verbal command. Although congnitive function may be modestly impaired, ventilatory a ...
... A minimally depressed level of consciousness produced by a pharmacologic method that retains the patient’s ability to independently and continuously maintain an airway and respond normally to tactile stimulation and verbal command. Although congnitive function may be modestly impaired, ventilatory a ...
Position Paper on Procedural Sedation
... Sedation is “a state of reduced excitement or anxiety that is induced by the administration of a sedative agent”. This condition is distinct from “general anesthesia”, which is described as “a state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drug(s)”, and distinct from “analgesia”, which is ...
... Sedation is “a state of reduced excitement or anxiety that is induced by the administration of a sedative agent”. This condition is distinct from “general anesthesia”, which is described as “a state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drug(s)”, and distinct from “analgesia”, which is ...
new-local anaethetic
... absorption, it can cause: • CNS effects: Vomiting, nausea, convulsions coma with respiratory and heart failure. • CVS effects: Bradycardia, hypotension and shocklike state. • Some local reactions of allergic nature e.g. edema, pain, skin discoloration and neuritis. Treatment (Antidote): ultrashort-a ...
... absorption, it can cause: • CNS effects: Vomiting, nausea, convulsions coma with respiratory and heart failure. • CVS effects: Bradycardia, hypotension and shocklike state. • Some local reactions of allergic nature e.g. edema, pain, skin discoloration and neuritis. Treatment (Antidote): ultrashort-a ...
2 receptor
... What is pain An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is always subjective. Each individual learns the application of the word through experiences related to injury in early life. It is unquestionably ...
... What is pain An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is always subjective. Each individual learns the application of the word through experiences related to injury in early life. It is unquestionably ...
WHICH MUSCLE RELAXANT TO CHOOSE FOR INDUCTION OF
... probably better indicators of adequacy for endotracheal intubation. In fact, it has been demonstrated that a drug such as rocuronium can be similar to succinylcholine in onset at the hand muscles, but slower at the laryngeal muscles [3]. Furthermore, other muscles such as the orbicularis oculi can b ...
... probably better indicators of adequacy for endotracheal intubation. In fact, it has been demonstrated that a drug such as rocuronium can be similar to succinylcholine in onset at the hand muscles, but slower at the laryngeal muscles [3]. Furthermore, other muscles such as the orbicularis oculi can b ...
LOCAL ANESTHETICS - Professor Dr Ghaleb
... anesthetic available by reducing absorption. It could have also some anesthetic effect by means of its alpha 2-agonist actions. Subarachnoid epinephrine potentially delays the time for urination, which may delay discharge. ...
... anesthetic available by reducing absorption. It could have also some anesthetic effect by means of its alpha 2-agonist actions. Subarachnoid epinephrine potentially delays the time for urination, which may delay discharge. ...
Anesthetic Considerations for Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome
... Syndrome patient, and anesthetic considerations that an anesthesia professional must consider. This report is important to the reader based on the following: Menkes Kinky Hair (MKH) syndrome occurs once in every 100,000 to 300,000 births,3 and MKH patients tend to have several surgeries in their sho ...
... Syndrome patient, and anesthetic considerations that an anesthesia professional must consider. This report is important to the reader based on the following: Menkes Kinky Hair (MKH) syndrome occurs once in every 100,000 to 300,000 births,3 and MKH patients tend to have several surgeries in their sho ...
Anesthesia of North American Deer
... serious since it increases tissue oxygen demand. This will increase the risk of capture myopathy or acute mortality. Hypoxemia can be minimized in the field. Animals should be positioned in sternal recumbency and the head and neck extended to maintain a patent airway. The animal should be monitored ...
... serious since it increases tissue oxygen demand. This will increase the risk of capture myopathy or acute mortality. Hypoxemia can be minimized in the field. Animals should be positioned in sternal recumbency and the head and neck extended to maintain a patent airway. The animal should be monitored ...
Introduction of two new anaesthetic agents
... • a2-adrenoceptors: are found in both the central and peripheral nervous system. They are found both pre- and postsynaptically and serve to produce inhibitory functions. • -Presynaptic a2 receptors inhibit the release of noradrenaline and thus serve as an important receptor in the negative feedback ...
... • a2-adrenoceptors: are found in both the central and peripheral nervous system. They are found both pre- and postsynaptically and serve to produce inhibitory functions. • -Presynaptic a2 receptors inhibit the release of noradrenaline and thus serve as an important receptor in the negative feedback ...
GENERAL ANESTHETICS INHALATION ANESTHETICS
... 2. Amnesia – Patient doesn’t remember what happened just before, during, or right after surgery 3. Analgesia – Lack of pain and autonomic stability (generally go hand-in-hand) a. Intact autonomic responses can indicate pain or discomfort via changes in heart rate, BP, etc. 4. Muscle relaxation – Esp ...
... 2. Amnesia – Patient doesn’t remember what happened just before, during, or right after surgery 3. Analgesia – Lack of pain and autonomic stability (generally go hand-in-hand) a. Intact autonomic responses can indicate pain or discomfort via changes in heart rate, BP, etc. 4. Muscle relaxation – Esp ...
New Developments in Neuraxial Anesthesia
... use of thoracic epidural (TEA-I) vs. postop thoracic epidural (TEA-P) alone Stress response and immune response Decreased epinephrine and cortisol in TEA-I Decreased cytokine production, circulating NK cells ...
... use of thoracic epidural (TEA-I) vs. postop thoracic epidural (TEA-P) alone Stress response and immune response Decreased epinephrine and cortisol in TEA-I Decreased cytokine production, circulating NK cells ...
Therapeutic Parenteral Drug Administration and In
... positively associated with the degree of postoperative trismus and edema. Other basel ine classification variables (e.g., molar classification) were also predictive of the degree of change in all clinical parameters. Test sites treated (any steroid application) showed greater reductions in all clini ...
... positively associated with the degree of postoperative trismus and edema. Other basel ine classification variables (e.g., molar classification) were also predictive of the degree of change in all clinical parameters. Test sites treated (any steroid application) showed greater reductions in all clini ...
New Drugs and Techniques for Anesthesia
... dramatically, so do outward responses to pain. Some patients are simply more reluctant to move or become restless and cannot sleep well. Other patients will avoid owners or may cling more than usual. Vocalization is a very insensitive indicator of pain and is usually one of the last signs to appear. ...
... dramatically, so do outward responses to pain. Some patients are simply more reluctant to move or become restless and cannot sleep well. Other patients will avoid owners or may cling more than usual. Vocalization is a very insensitive indicator of pain and is usually one of the last signs to appear. ...
Anesthesia for patients with renal failure
... rise in the serum potassium level of 0.5 to 0.7 mEq/L. Pretreatment with d-tubocurarine does not prevent this increase. Prolonged apnea following the use of succinylcholine apparently does not occur, indicating that serum cholinesterase activity is not affected either by renal failure or dialysis tr ...
... rise in the serum potassium level of 0.5 to 0.7 mEq/L. Pretreatment with d-tubocurarine does not prevent this increase. Prolonged apnea following the use of succinylcholine apparently does not occur, indicating that serum cholinesterase activity is not affected either by renal failure or dialysis tr ...
Drugs found in the drug tray
... (as assessed by awakening time, time needed to follow simple commands and time to perform simple tests after anesthesia as well as they were performed before anesthesia), based upon data derived from short operative procedures where intravenous etomidate was used for both induction and maintenance o ...
... (as assessed by awakening time, time needed to follow simple commands and time to perform simple tests after anesthesia as well as they were performed before anesthesia), based upon data derived from short operative procedures where intravenous etomidate was used for both induction and maintenance o ...
PREMEDICATION OF THE CHILD UNDERGOING SURGERY C. A
... physiological and psychological effects of preoperative anxiety in children, most anesthesiologists use either parental presence or sedative premedication, since separation from parents and induction of anesthesia are considered the most perioperative stress inducing phases. Both approaches are cons ...
... physiological and psychological effects of preoperative anxiety in children, most anesthesiologists use either parental presence or sedative premedication, since separation from parents and induction of anesthesia are considered the most perioperative stress inducing phases. Both approaches are cons ...
Anesthesia of Donkeys and Mules: How They Differ from Horses
... tranquilizers. In my experience, this is also true for horses. If sedatives must be given by the intramuscular route, instead of intravenously, the dose should be doubled. The combination of xylazine-ketamine-guaifenesin, commonly referred to as “triple drip” can be used in donkeys, with some modifi ...
... tranquilizers. In my experience, this is also true for horses. If sedatives must be given by the intramuscular route, instead of intravenously, the dose should be doubled. The combination of xylazine-ketamine-guaifenesin, commonly referred to as “triple drip” can be used in donkeys, with some modifi ...
Novel Preoperative Pharmacologic Methods of Preventing
... lozenges containing amyl-m-cresol,18 and lozenges containing magnesium.19 The authors did not indicate if gargled solutions were swallowed after gargling. A group of researchers reported that the investigational drug was donated by the manufacturer.16 All sources9-19 were from authors practicing out ...
... lozenges containing amyl-m-cresol,18 and lozenges containing magnesium.19 The authors did not indicate if gargled solutions were swallowed after gargling. A group of researchers reported that the investigational drug was donated by the manufacturer.16 All sources9-19 were from authors practicing out ...
History of general anesthesia
.jpg?width=300)
Attempts at producing a state of general anesthesia can be traced throughout recorded history in the writings of the ancient Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Indians, and Chinese. During the Middle Ages, which correspond roughly to what is sometimes referred to as the Islamic Golden Age, scientists and other scholars made significant advances in science and medicine in the Muslim world and Eastern world, while their European counterparts also made important advances.The Renaissance saw significant advances in anatomy and surgical technique. However, despite all this progress, surgery remained a treatment of last resort. Largely because of the associated pain, many patients with surgical disorders chose certain death rather than undergo surgery. Although there has been a great deal of debate as to who deserves the most credit for the discovery of general anesthesia, it is generally agreed that certain scientific discoveries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries were critical to the eventual introduction and development of modern anesthetic techniques.Two ""quantum leaps"" occurred in the late 19th century, which together allowed the transition to modern surgery. An appreciation of the germ theory of disease led rapidly to the development and application of antiseptic techniques in surgery. Antisepsis, which soon gave way to asepsis, reduced the overall morbidity and mortality of surgery to a far more acceptable rate than in previous eras. Concurrent with these developments were the significant advances in pharmacology and physiology which led to the development of general anesthesia and the control of pain.In the 20th century, the safety and efficacy of general anesthesia was improved by the routine use of tracheal intubation and other advanced airway management techniques. Significant advances in monitoring and new anesthetic agents with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics also contributed to this trend. Finally, standardized training programs for anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists emerged during this period. And, of course, the increased application of economic and business administration principles to health care in the late 20th and early 21st centuries inevitably led to the introduction of management practices such as transfer pricing to improve the efficiency of anesthetists.