ESMOLOL VERSUS DEXMEDETOMIDINE IN SCOLIOSIS SURGERY: STUDY ON INTRAOPERATIVE BLOOD LOSS
... dexmedetomidine, at the doses of 0.4-0.8 μg kg/h, was less effective than remifentanil in producing controlled hypotension, and good surgical field exposure during tympanoplasty17. Many studies have shown that concomitant administration of dexmedetomidine and prpofol has been found to reduce the ane ...
... dexmedetomidine, at the doses of 0.4-0.8 μg kg/h, was less effective than remifentanil in producing controlled hypotension, and good surgical field exposure during tympanoplasty17. Many studies have shown that concomitant administration of dexmedetomidine and prpofol has been found to reduce the ane ...
to the Akten FAQs PDF
... controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nursing Mothers – Lidocaine is secreted in human milk. The clinical significance of this observation is unknown. Althou ...
... controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nursing Mothers – Lidocaine is secreted in human milk. The clinical significance of this observation is unknown. Althou ...
Obesity: A Complicating Factor for Sedation in Children
... oral sedation for dentistry each year in the United States; similar numbers are administered parenteral sedation or general anesthesia. Benefits of pharmacosedation include the provision of comprehensive dental care to patients who would otherwise not receive it and a reduction in dental fear that wo ...
... oral sedation for dentistry each year in the United States; similar numbers are administered parenteral sedation or general anesthesia. Benefits of pharmacosedation include the provision of comprehensive dental care to patients who would otherwise not receive it and a reduction in dental fear that wo ...
Document
... Source and Composition of Opium. Because the laboratory synthesis of morphine is difficult, the drug is still obtained from opium or extracted from poppy straw. Opium is obtained from the unripe seed capsules of the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum. The milky juice is dried and powdered to make powde ...
... Source and Composition of Opium. Because the laboratory synthesis of morphine is difficult, the drug is still obtained from opium or extracted from poppy straw. Opium is obtained from the unripe seed capsules of the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum. The milky juice is dried and powdered to make powde ...
Perioperative anesthesia clinical considerations of
... of practice of alternative medicine, which includes traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda, a science of herbs unique to the Indian sub-continent for over 5000 years. Naturopathic medicine Naturopathic medicine is an alternative medical system in which practitioners work with ‘‘natural healing fo ...
... of practice of alternative medicine, which includes traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda, a science of herbs unique to the Indian sub-continent for over 5000 years. Naturopathic medicine Naturopathic medicine is an alternative medical system in which practitioners work with ‘‘natural healing fo ...
Anesthesia of grizzly bears using xylazine-zolazepam
... Rectal temperatureswere higherin bears anesthetized with XZT thanin bearsanesthetizedwith ZT. The cause for this differenceis unknown;it may be that xylazineinduced vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels interferedwith the dissipation of body heat (Doherty 1988). The use of c2-agonist drugs im ...
... Rectal temperatureswere higherin bears anesthetized with XZT thanin bearsanesthetizedwith ZT. The cause for this differenceis unknown;it may be that xylazineinduced vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels interferedwith the dissipation of body heat (Doherty 1988). The use of c2-agonist drugs im ...
Journal Club
... Is there increased risk of hypotension perioperatively? When would we hold which agents and in whom? What are the possible downfalls of missed doses preoperatively ...
... Is there increased risk of hypotension perioperatively? When would we hold which agents and in whom? What are the possible downfalls of missed doses preoperatively ...
2 MB - opioids_
... • Its high affinity and selectivity for μ opioid receptors have made it a common probe for μ effects in pharmacologic studies. ...
... • Its high affinity and selectivity for μ opioid receptors have made it a common probe for μ effects in pharmacologic studies. ...
Isoquinoline Alkaloids
... Morphine is primarily used to treat both acute and chronic severe pain. It is also used for pain due to myocardial infarction and for labor pains. There are however concerns that morphine may increase mortality in the setting of non ST elevation myocardial infarction. Morphine has also traditionall ...
... Morphine is primarily used to treat both acute and chronic severe pain. It is also used for pain due to myocardial infarction and for labor pains. There are however concerns that morphine may increase mortality in the setting of non ST elevation myocardial infarction. Morphine has also traditionall ...
1400_Milligan_GF5E3
... • Midazolam (for seizures): 5-7mg bolus, then 1-2 mg until controlled. • Let EMS know not to use Diazepam ...
... • Midazolam (for seizures): 5-7mg bolus, then 1-2 mg until controlled. • Let EMS know not to use Diazepam ...
Atropine
... and excreted mainly in the urine. Atropine has a plasma half-life of 2–3 hours. Following intramuscular administration, elimination appears to be biphasic with an initial phase of about 2 hours and a half-life in the terminal phase of at least 12.5 hours. In children, the plasma half-life is ...
... and excreted mainly in the urine. Atropine has a plasma half-life of 2–3 hours. Following intramuscular administration, elimination appears to be biphasic with an initial phase of about 2 hours and a half-life in the terminal phase of at least 12.5 hours. In children, the plasma half-life is ...
anesthesia and analgesia for donkeys and mules
... detomidine). Induce by rapid infusion (gravity flow) of 1 liter 5% guaifenesin with 2 grams ketamine and 500 mg xylazine. Once the donkey has become recumbent, slow the infusion to approximately 1 ml/kg/hr (based on monitoring eye signs, respiratory rate and pattern). Donkeys are more sensitive to t ...
... detomidine). Induce by rapid infusion (gravity flow) of 1 liter 5% guaifenesin with 2 grams ketamine and 500 mg xylazine. Once the donkey has become recumbent, slow the infusion to approximately 1 ml/kg/hr (based on monitoring eye signs, respiratory rate and pattern). Donkeys are more sensitive to t ...
Nick Wytiaz September 11, 2011 University of Pittsburgh npw6@pitt
... addition to their therapeutic effect, these agents also have the potential to cause local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST), an adverse reaction affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and/or cardiovascular system.1 CNS symptoms are wide-ranging and nonspecific and may include excitation (agita ...
... addition to their therapeutic effect, these agents also have the potential to cause local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST), an adverse reaction affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and/or cardiovascular system.1 CNS symptoms are wide-ranging and nonspecific and may include excitation (agita ...
Compounded Topical Anesthetics in Orthodontics
... Popular Compounded Anesthetics in Orthodontics Regardless of brand name, mucosal compound topical anesthetics are relatively similar. Each contains a combination of high-dose anesthetics, including both ester-type (tetracaine) and amide-type (lidocaine and prilocaine), to provide profound numbness, ...
... Popular Compounded Anesthetics in Orthodontics Regardless of brand name, mucosal compound topical anesthetics are relatively similar. Each contains a combination of high-dose anesthetics, including both ester-type (tetracaine) and amide-type (lidocaine and prilocaine), to provide profound numbness, ...
Is infusion of sub hypnotic propofol as effective as
... Song et al. [21) administered propofol 0.5mg/kg intravenously. at the end of a surgical procedure. They found that it is effective for preventing PONV in patients undergoing LC even at this dose. On the other hand, the small dose of propofol (0.5 mg/kg) administered at the end of surgery prolonged t ...
... Song et al. [21) administered propofol 0.5mg/kg intravenously. at the end of a surgical procedure. They found that it is effective for preventing PONV in patients undergoing LC even at this dose. On the other hand, the small dose of propofol (0.5 mg/kg) administered at the end of surgery prolonged t ...
Drug Drug Interactions - American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
... This book is targeted toward practicing Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists and student nurses in anesthesia training. We, the editors, want this to be as thorough a treatment as necessary to enable anesthesia professionals to deliver the best possible, most efficacious care to their patients. B ...
... This book is targeted toward practicing Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists and student nurses in anesthesia training. We, the editors, want this to be as thorough a treatment as necessary to enable anesthesia professionals to deliver the best possible, most efficacious care to their patients. B ...
Pharmacology - premedication
... Respiratory effects include decreased respiratory rate, with a variable effect on tidal volume, but at clinically useful dose it is of minor concern. Other effects of clinical importance are increasing blood glucose level, decreasing intestinal motility, increasing urine production, increasing uteri ...
... Respiratory effects include decreased respiratory rate, with a variable effect on tidal volume, but at clinically useful dose it is of minor concern. Other effects of clinical importance are increasing blood glucose level, decreasing intestinal motility, increasing urine production, increasing uteri ...
Opiates
... Egyptians were knowledgeable about the medicinal value of opium evidence of this was found in the Ebers Papyrus writings. In the second century A.D., Claudius Galen, the famous Greek physician and surgeon to Roman gladiators recommended opium for everything. Western Europe was introduced to opiu ...
... Egyptians were knowledgeable about the medicinal value of opium evidence of this was found in the Ebers Papyrus writings. In the second century A.D., Claudius Galen, the famous Greek physician and surgeon to Roman gladiators recommended opium for everything. Western Europe was introduced to opiu ...
Time to Sleep Anesthesia Pharmacology Review
... potentially putting patients with elevated ICP at risk. May play a neuroprotective role due to effect at NMDA receptors implicated as source of cerebral ischemic damage. Direct negative inotropic effects, but overshadowed by stimulation of SNS, resulting in elevation of hemodynamic parameters. Syste ...
... potentially putting patients with elevated ICP at risk. May play a neuroprotective role due to effect at NMDA receptors implicated as source of cerebral ischemic damage. Direct negative inotropic effects, but overshadowed by stimulation of SNS, resulting in elevation of hemodynamic parameters. Syste ...
colloid versus crystalloid coload for the prevention of spinal
... Fluid infused before or at the time of induction of spinal anesthesia is referred to as “preloading” and “coloading,” respectively.2 Early reports suggested that this complication could be prevented by infusing a bolus of fluid before induction of anesthesia, but this strategy, along with others that ...
... Fluid infused before or at the time of induction of spinal anesthesia is referred to as “preloading” and “coloading,” respectively.2 Early reports suggested that this complication could be prevented by infusing a bolus of fluid before induction of anesthesia, but this strategy, along with others that ...
Local Anesthetics
... • Cocaine is the first local anesthetic (for ophthalmic use, 1884) introduced into clinical practice. Its chronic use was associated with psychological dependence (addiction). • Procaine was synthesized to improve upon the clinical properties of cocaine (1905), and became the dominant local anesthet ...
... • Cocaine is the first local anesthetic (for ophthalmic use, 1884) introduced into clinical practice. Its chronic use was associated with psychological dependence (addiction). • Procaine was synthesized to improve upon the clinical properties of cocaine (1905), and became the dominant local anesthet ...
Chapter Thirteen
... 1915, 162 collectors and agents of the Miscellaneous Division of the Internal Revenue Service were given the responsibility of enforcing drug laws In 1919, a narcotics division was created within the Bureau of Prohibition, with a staff of 170 agents and an appropriation of $270,000 The powers of ...
... 1915, 162 collectors and agents of the Miscellaneous Division of the Internal Revenue Service were given the responsibility of enforcing drug laws In 1919, a narcotics division was created within the Bureau of Prohibition, with a staff of 170 agents and an appropriation of $270,000 The powers of ...
NIMBEX (cisatracurium besylate) Injection This drug should be
... The pharmacodynamics of 2 × ED95 to 8 × ED95 doses of cisatracurium administered over 5 to 10 seconds during opioid/nitrous oxide/oxygen anesthesia are summarized in Table 1. When the dose is doubled, the clinically effective duration of block increases by approximately 25 minutes. Once recovery beg ...
... The pharmacodynamics of 2 × ED95 to 8 × ED95 doses of cisatracurium administered over 5 to 10 seconds during opioid/nitrous oxide/oxygen anesthesia are summarized in Table 1. When the dose is doubled, the clinically effective duration of block increases by approximately 25 minutes. Once recovery beg ...
History of general anesthesia
.jpg?width=300)
Attempts at producing a state of general anesthesia can be traced throughout recorded history in the writings of the ancient Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Indians, and Chinese. During the Middle Ages, which correspond roughly to what is sometimes referred to as the Islamic Golden Age, scientists and other scholars made significant advances in science and medicine in the Muslim world and Eastern world, while their European counterparts also made important advances.The Renaissance saw significant advances in anatomy and surgical technique. However, despite all this progress, surgery remained a treatment of last resort. Largely because of the associated pain, many patients with surgical disorders chose certain death rather than undergo surgery. Although there has been a great deal of debate as to who deserves the most credit for the discovery of general anesthesia, it is generally agreed that certain scientific discoveries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries were critical to the eventual introduction and development of modern anesthetic techniques.Two ""quantum leaps"" occurred in the late 19th century, which together allowed the transition to modern surgery. An appreciation of the germ theory of disease led rapidly to the development and application of antiseptic techniques in surgery. Antisepsis, which soon gave way to asepsis, reduced the overall morbidity and mortality of surgery to a far more acceptable rate than in previous eras. Concurrent with these developments were the significant advances in pharmacology and physiology which led to the development of general anesthesia and the control of pain.In the 20th century, the safety and efficacy of general anesthesia was improved by the routine use of tracheal intubation and other advanced airway management techniques. Significant advances in monitoring and new anesthetic agents with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics also contributed to this trend. Finally, standardized training programs for anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists emerged during this period. And, of course, the increased application of economic and business administration principles to health care in the late 20th and early 21st centuries inevitably led to the introduction of management practices such as transfer pricing to improve the efficiency of anesthetists.