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The retrieval of ozone`s absorption coefficient in the stratosphere
The retrieval of ozone`s absorption coefficient in the stratosphere

... components provide information of the surface morphology and internal structure due to the interaction of light with matter. This approach is useful because make it possible to propose a diagnosis of the medium in a noninvasive way. In the simulation process through the modified MCML, the input is f ...
Department of Physics, Technical University Ostrava 17. listopadu
Department of Physics, Technical University Ostrava 17. listopadu

... dispersion balanced interferometers our measurement techniques are characterized by the range of measurable distances dependent on the amount of dispersion in the interferometer [13–15]. We have also demonstrated [15] that processing of the recorded spectral interferograms using a leastsquares metho ...
Raman tailored photonic-crystal-fiber for telecom band photon
Raman tailored photonic-crystal-fiber for telecom band photon

Influence of structural disorder on Raman scattering in amorphous
Influence of structural disorder on Raman scattering in amorphous

The structure of the energy bands and optical absorption in osmium
The structure of the energy bands and optical absorption in osmium

G 3 Geochemistry Geophysics
G 3 Geochemistry Geophysics

Fe(III) (Oxy)hydroxide Compositional Series
Fe(III) (Oxy)hydroxide Compositional Series

Brine Shrimp Lab
Brine Shrimp Lab

Living specimen tomography by digital holographic
Living specimen tomography by digital holographic

Determination of the transfer function for optical surface topography
Determination of the transfer function for optical surface topography

... been an important problem since this can play a crucial role in controlling manufacturing procedures and allowing quality control of components such as MEMS wafers, industrial coatings, optical lenses and machined parts. Furthermore, in many situations information gained from surface topography data ...
Determination of suspended solids in kraft green and
Determination of suspended solids in kraft green and

How does a confocal microscope work
How does a confocal microscope work

... Imagine we have some lenses inside the microscope, that focus light from the focal point of one lens to another point. This is represented by the blue rays of light in the above picture. The red rays of light represent light from another point in the sample, which is not at the focal point of the le ...
PDF
PDF

... emergence of a scattering maximum, suggesting the development of ion-rich microdomains or clusters. Although the noise level of the invariant data is rather high, the observed transition is nonetheless important, since it is clearly indicative of the development of microphase separation at the trans ...
Determination of bandwidth and beamwidth of a
Determination of bandwidth and beamwidth of a

Recent advances in diffuse optical imaging
Recent advances in diffuse optical imaging

... Recently, the emphasis of research in medical imaging with diffuse light has moved away from the pursuit of high (∼ mm) spatial resolution and towards functional imaging. It is widely appreciated that diffuse optical imaging can never compete in terms of spatial resolution with anatomical imaging te ...
An accurate technique to record the angular distribution of
An accurate technique to record the angular distribution of

Generalizing the Confocal Microscope via Heterodyne Interferometry and Digital Filtering
Generalizing the Confocal Microscope via Heterodyne Interferometry and Digital Filtering

... The confocal microscope was first considered by Minsky(1957), and since by many others; Sawatari(1973) was the first to build a heterodyne interference microscope, and a later version with phase sensitivity has been developed by Peterson et al.(1984) at about the time of our early work. Both of thes ...
Fabrication and characterization of silicone-based - lammp
Fabrication and characterization of silicone-based - lammp

Fluorescence Microscopy
Fluorescence Microscopy

... microscope, to details of cellular events with a variety of present-day sophisticated imaging systems (Hell 2009). The current drive is to watch living events with ever more spatial and temporal resolution. The development of numerous transmitted light microscopy approaches, including techniques suc ...
(k) and Refractive Index
(k) and Refractive Index

Optical properties of the human tissue
Optical properties of the human tissue

... This method includes inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method developed by Prahl et al (Prahl S.A., et al. // Appl. Opt., 1993, Vol. 32(4), P. 559-568) and inverse Monte Carlo simulations. The IAD method is widely used in tissue optics for processing the experimental data of spectrophotometry with integ ...
Non-linear Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy for
Non-linear Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy for

First Order Optics
First Order Optics

Probing vibrational ladder-excitation in CO2 microwave plasma with a free electron laser to develop a route to efficient solar fuels
Probing vibrational ladder-excitation in CO2 microwave plasma with a free electron laser to develop a route to efficient solar fuels

Development of Organic Imaging Device
Development of Organic Imaging Device

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Chemical imaging

Chemical imaging (as quantitative – chemical mapping) is the analytical capability to create a visual image of components distribution from simultaneous measurement of spectra and spatial, time information.The main idea - for chemical imaging, the analyst may choose to take as many data spectrum measured at a particular chemical component in spatial location at time; this is useful for chemical identification and quantification. Alternatively, selecting an image plane at a particular data spectrum (PCA - multivariable data of wavelength, spatial location at time) can map the spatial distribution of sample components, provided that their spectral signatures are different at the selected data spectrum.Software for chemical imaging is most specific and distinguished from chemical methods such as chemometrics. Hyperspectral imaging is most often applied to either solid or gel samples, and has applications in chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacy (see also for example: food science, biotechnology, agriculture and industry. NIR, IR and Raman chemical imaging is also referred to as hyperspectral, spectroscopic, spectral or multispectral imaging (also see microspectroscopy). However, other ultra-sensitive and selective imaging techniques are also in use that involve either UV-visible or fluorescence microspectroscopy. Many imaging techniques can be used to analyze samples of all sizes, from the single molecule to the cellular level in biology and medicine, and to images of planetary systems in astronomy, but different instrumentation is employed for making observations on such widely different systems.Imaging instrumentation has three components: a radiation source to illuminate the sample, a spectrally selective element, and usually a detector array (the camera) to collect the images. When many stacked spectral channels (wavelengths) are collected for different locations of the microspectrometer focus on a line or planar array in the focal plane, the data is called hyperspectral; fewer wavelength data sets are called multispectral. The data format is called a hypercube. The data set may be visualized as a data cube, a three-dimensional block of data spanning two spatial dimensions (x and y), with a series of wavelengths (lambda) making up the third (spectral) axis. The hypercube can be visually and mathematically treated as a series of spectrally resolved images (each image plane corresponding to the image at one wavelength) or a series of spatially resolved spectra. Many materials, both manufactured and naturally occurring, derive their functionality from the spatial distribution of sample components. For example, extended release pharmaceutical formulations can be achieved by using a coating that acts as a barrier layer. The release of active ingredient is controlled by the presence of this barrier, and imperfections in the coating, such as discontinuities, may result in altered performance. In the semi-conductor industry, irregularities or contaminants in silicon wafers or printed micro-circuits can lead to failure of these components. The functionality of biological systems is also dependent upon chemical gradients – a single cell, tissue, and even whole organs function because of the very specific arrangement of components. It has been shown that even small changes in chemical composition and distribution may be an early indicator of disease. Any material that depends on chemical gradients for functionality may be amenable to study by an analytical technique that couples spatial and chemical characterization. To efficiently and effectively design and manufacture such materials, the ‘what’ and the ‘where’ must both be measured. The demand for this type of analysis is increasing as manufactured materials become more complex. Chemical imaging techniques is critical to understanding modern manufactured products and in some cases is a non-destructive technique so that samples are preserved for further testing.
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