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PDF - Grueber Lab
PDF - Grueber Lab

... thin sheet of light, and acquire images of the illuminated plane using an orthogonally aligned second objective3-5. The sample is then translated relative to this co-aligned plane to form a 3D volumetric image. This dual-objective geometry, and the need for side-on illumination and physical translat ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library

... photon energy. The inhomogeneity inherent to most biological specimen, and in particular, to the internal structure of various cells, leads to high quality SHG images without any preconditioning such as labelling or staining that might induce undesirable effects in the living cell (Reshak, 2009). Hi ...
1 - www2
1 - www2

... High energy, power, intensity and brightness. In a laser system, large energy can stored and released in a very short time resulting in enormous output power. The extremely high power can also be focused to very small areas generating extremely high-intensity values. Continuous wave lasers having p ...
Modern battlefield and new materials for eyes protection
Modern battlefield and new materials for eyes protection

... in the visible, infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) spectrum regions is emitted from the fireball surface within the first minute after detonation [5, 6]. There are also special conventional charges emitting extraordinary ammount of light, due to a content of flash powders, used preferably in antite ...
Mechanical mapping with chemical specificity by confocal Brillouin
Mechanical mapping with chemical specificity by confocal Brillouin

... stabilized against lateral drifts, which may occur during long time acquisitions. This is realized selecting a reference area within the illuminated region (through the red-yellow boxes in the figures) and using an image recognition software which supplies a feedback signal to the positioning stage. ...
Diffraction limited resolution - X-ray and Observational Astronomy
Diffraction limited resolution - X-ray and Observational Astronomy

... • Unfortunately, the resolution of ground-based telescopes does not improve without limit as the mirror size increases • This is due to the turbulent nature of the Earth’s atmosphere • Local changes in atmospheric T and density over small distances create regions where the light is refracted in rand ...
Efficient visible light detection using individual germanium nanowire
Efficient visible light detection using individual germanium nanowire

... measured under ambient conditions from one of our devices without light illumination. The large conductance at negative VG corresponds to the p-type conduction of the Ge NW field effect transistor 共FET兲. The gate sweep of the dc conductance exhibited a more pronounced hysteresis compared to other NW ...
Interferometric lithography with an amplitude division interferometer and a desktop
Interferometric lithography with an amplitude division interferometer and a desktop

... smaller period we increased the angle between the two beams impinging at the sample by changing the angle of incidence at the two Si mirrors and by correcting the position of the sample. A dense line pattern with an ⬃95 nm period (47.5 nm wide lines) printed on the HSQ over an area of 2 mm⫻ 0.6 mm w ...
Optical Coherence Tomography
Optical Coherence Tomography

... optical interferometry [1] involving the employment of a beam of light with a limited coherence length. It provides a micro-scale spatial resolution in both lateral and axial direction, while maintaining a longer scanning depth by using objective lenses of low numerical aperture. The spectroscopic o ...
Single Longitudinal Mode Blue-Violet Laser Diode for Data Storage
Single Longitudinal Mode Blue-Violet Laser Diode for Data Storage

... coherent interference, such as holographic e.g., will benefit from having a compact blue-violet laser diode source with a long coherence length and some level of wavelength tuning. Prior approaches, such as external cavities with diffraction gratings [1], have been used to generate single longitudin ...
Fourier Optics
Fourier Optics

... image and the image magnification. A complete description of the imaging system, however, requires the wave properties of light and associated processes like diffraction to be included. It is these processes that determine the resolution of optical devices, the image contrast, and the effect of spat ...
Introduction to Phase Contrast
Introduction to Phase Contrast

... provide individual push-in, centering, annuli that can be inserted into the lower part of the common Abbe condenser. Such inexpensive, simple devices do well with the 10X, 20X, and 40X phase objectives, but the condenser can receive only one at a time. Phase microscopy continues to be a widely used ...
Femto-Photography: Capturing and Visualizing the
Femto-Photography: Capturing and Visualizing the

... wavelength of 795 nm, at a repetition rate of 75 MHz and average power of 500 mW. In order to see ultrafast events in a scene with macro-scaled objects, we focus the light with a lens onto a Lambertian diffuser, which then acts as a point light source and illuminates the entire scene with a spherica ...
All solid-state continuous wave tunable blue light source by
All solid-state continuous wave tunable blue light source by

... a Nd:YAG laser operating at 946 nm??? it is also possible to generate blue light at 473 nm. These sources have a high doubling efficiency, but they are not tunable. Compact sources generating tunable blue light could be particularly useful for spectroscopic experiments. One possibility is an intraca ...
Laser oscillation in proton implanted Nd:YAG waveguides
Laser oscillation in proton implanted Nd:YAG waveguides

... A CW Ti:sapphire laser, with a tuning range between 750-850 nm, was used as the excitation source. The pump beam was coupled into the waveguide with a x10 microscope objective by the end-fire coupling technique. The output light was collected through a x20 microscope objective and directed to the en ...
ECEN 4616/5616 Optoelectronic Design
ECEN 4616/5616 Optoelectronic Design

... For detecting planets around other stars, the angular requirements result in extremely long focal lengths (100’s of km), so another approach is to use a phase mask at the prime focal plane in order to null out the star image: ...
Heidelberg Retina Tomograph - HRT
Heidelberg Retina Tomograph - HRT

... detector at a location which is optically conjugated to the focal plane of the illuminating system. The effect of this confocal pinhole is as follows: such light reflected from the object at the focal plane is focused to the pinhole, can pass it and is detected. However, light reflected from layers ...
Animal Cell and Tissue Culture: From Basic Principles to Advanced
Animal Cell and Tissue Culture: From Basic Principles to Advanced

... - Different strategies - Amount of sample needed Primers - How to design primers for qPCR qPCR - Different Techniques - Comparison of advantages/disadvantages - Normalization (housekeeping genes) - How to report data from qPCR ...
Enhanced transmission in near-field imaging of layered plasmonic
Enhanced transmission in near-field imaging of layered plasmonic

... in the near-field optical microscopy community. With near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), convention dictates that smaller apertures provide better resolution. As aperture diameter decreases, so does the amount of light exiting the aperture. It has since been shown that surface plasmon res ...
CHEM 210 Chapter 5 Wrap-up
CHEM 210 Chapter 5 Wrap-up

... • It is important to know what this means. Since any R impurity will ‘cancel’ the rotation of an equal amount of S: • A sample with an ee of 50% S is actually 50% pure S ...
Chapter 5: Geometrical Optics
Chapter 5: Geometrical Optics

... Image: If a cone of rays emitted from a point source S arrives at a certain point P, then P is called the image of S. Diffraction-limited image: The size of the image for a point source is not zero. The limited size of an optical system causes the blur of the image point due to diffraction effect: ...
O TICS - Phi Optics
O TICS - Phi Optics

... Phi Optics SLIM is a non-invasive phase imaging technology that quantifies the optical path length differences in a biospecimen and converts them into thickness, dry mass area density and refractive index maps. Figure 7 illustrates the principle of technology in its reference implementation. A live ...
Comparison of Control Algorithms for a MEMS
Comparison of Control Algorithms for a MEMS

... to the eye in 1997 and shown the first images of single cone photoreceptors in a living human eye [1]. Similar to how the earth’s atmosphere degrades the image quality of groundbased telescopes, aberrations due to the eye’s optical imperfections degrade image quality making it difficult for clinicia ...
Flow Cytometry and Sorting, Part 1
Flow Cytometry and Sorting, Part 1

... Two common detector types  Photodiode  used ...
Laser risk document
Laser risk document

... A laser product which, because of engineering features limiting the accessible emissions, has been assigned a class number lower than the inherent capability of the laser incorporated » M-Carré & M-Pyramid are an embedded laser. It means that the inherent capability of the laser inside the product i ...
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Confocal microscopy



Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of adding a spatial pinhole placed at the confocal plane of the lens to eliminate out-of-focus light. It enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures from the obtained images. This technique has gained popularity in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.
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