BioE 123 Teaching Material Stanford University
... We cannot just put a piece of film or light detector right in front of the sample to get an image. Okay, maybe we can if the sample is self-illuminated (glowing), but we will have to be super-close. Try holding a piece of paper to your computer screen and get an image of the screen on your paper. Yo ...
... We cannot just put a piece of film or light detector right in front of the sample to get an image. Okay, maybe we can if the sample is self-illuminated (glowing), but we will have to be super-close. Try holding a piece of paper to your computer screen and get an image of the screen on your paper. Yo ...
Experiments in Optics - Workspace
... wave theory of 1ight. Analysis of diffraction close to the diffracting aperture, known as near-field diffraction, can become quite mathematically complex. A much simpler case is the so-called farfield diffraction regime in which the plane of observation is very far from the aperture (ideally at infi ...
... wave theory of 1ight. Analysis of diffraction close to the diffracting aperture, known as near-field diffraction, can become quite mathematically complex. A much simpler case is the so-called farfield diffraction regime in which the plane of observation is very far from the aperture (ideally at infi ...
High-Resolution Retinal Imaging using Adaptive Optics in a
... A significant part of this eye research deals with, or benefits from, being able to image the different structures of the eye; this includes the retina which is the focus of the work being presented in this thesis. The eye, however, is an organ designed to look out and not to be looked into, and we ...
... A significant part of this eye research deals with, or benefits from, being able to image the different structures of the eye; this includes the retina which is the focus of the work being presented in this thesis. The eye, however, is an organ designed to look out and not to be looked into, and we ...
Third-harmonic Rayleigh scattering: theory and experiment
... just one particle. The presence of the index-matching liquid removes the possibility of particle trapping in the focal spot of the laser beam and facilitates the comparison of experimental results with theory. The laser beam was focused approximately 200 m below the surface of the cell wall. At thi ...
... just one particle. The presence of the index-matching liquid removes the possibility of particle trapping in the focal spot of the laser beam and facilitates the comparison of experimental results with theory. The laser beam was focused approximately 200 m below the surface of the cell wall. At thi ...
Theoretical background
... Several different models have been proposed to explain the location of the division site at midcell. The most popular of them are the nucleoid occlusion model and the model of the pole-to-pole oscillations of Min proteins. Nucleoid occlusion [1] postulates that the nucleoid inhibits FtsZ formation a ...
... Several different models have been proposed to explain the location of the division site at midcell. The most popular of them are the nucleoid occlusion model and the model of the pole-to-pole oscillations of Min proteins. Nucleoid occlusion [1] postulates that the nucleoid inhibits FtsZ formation a ...
Resolution enhancement techniques in microscopy
... Because of the importance of enhanced resolution for science, technology and medicine, microscopy is widely regarded an important discovery: advances in optical microscopy correlate well with advances in our understanding of biology, and medicine [Masters 2008; 2009a; 2009b]. Schellenberg edited a b ...
... Because of the importance of enhanced resolution for science, technology and medicine, microscopy is widely regarded an important discovery: advances in optical microscopy correlate well with advances in our understanding of biology, and medicine [Masters 2008; 2009a; 2009b]. Schellenberg edited a b ...
Construction Of Multiple-beam Optical Traps
... that optical tweezers acts like a Hookeian spring, characterized by a fixed stiffness. In most of our experiments, we are interested mainly in the lateral stiffness, i.e., stiffness in the plane of the specimen. The stiffness depends on the wavelength and power of the laser used, as well as the size ...
... that optical tweezers acts like a Hookeian spring, characterized by a fixed stiffness. In most of our experiments, we are interested mainly in the lateral stiffness, i.e., stiffness in the plane of the specimen. The stiffness depends on the wavelength and power of the laser used, as well as the size ...
Distributed-gain measurements of erbium
... However, the practical determination of the optimum length for maximum gain is done with a cutback method, which is a destructive technique and very inconvenient due to the high cost of the Erbium doped fiber. The distributed gain in non-isolated long EDFA's could be measured with OTDR by employing ...
... However, the practical determination of the optimum length for maximum gain is done with a cutback method, which is a destructive technique and very inconvenient due to the high cost of the Erbium doped fiber. The distributed gain in non-isolated long EDFA's could be measured with OTDR by employing ...
properties of laser beams
... • They increase the length of the active medium, by making the beam pass through it many times. • They determine the boundary conditions for the electromagnetic fields inside the laser cavity. • The axis connecting the centres of these mirrors and perpendicular to them is called Optical Axis of the ...
... • They increase the length of the active medium, by making the beam pass through it many times. • They determine the boundary conditions for the electromagnetic fields inside the laser cavity. • The axis connecting the centres of these mirrors and perpendicular to them is called Optical Axis of the ...
Minimized speckle noise in lens-less holographic projection by pixel
... persistent difficulties with laser eye-safety and strong image flickering. On the other hand the holographic projection provides stable images formed by strongly divergent wavefronts, which ensures a completely safe operation. From the point of view of energetic efficiency, the utilization of 8-bit ...
... persistent difficulties with laser eye-safety and strong image flickering. On the other hand the holographic projection provides stable images formed by strongly divergent wavefronts, which ensures a completely safe operation. From the point of view of energetic efficiency, the utilization of 8-bit ...
Why Optical Images are Easier to Understand Than Radar Images
... High spatial resolution radars and optical cameras are two major kinds of sensors for civilian earth observation, and military applications. Their images are quite different from each other and radar images are usually much more difficult to understand [1–3]. This paper will discuss about this issue ...
... High spatial resolution radars and optical cameras are two major kinds of sensors for civilian earth observation, and military applications. Their images are quite different from each other and radar images are usually much more difficult to understand [1–3]. This paper will discuss about this issue ...
Saturated 13.2 nm high-repetition-rate laser in nickellike cadmium
... metrology of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) projection lithography optics.1 Laser amplification at this wavelength was demonstrated at a 2 – 3 Hz repetition rate in H-like Li ions following collisional recombination of completely ionized Li atoms in plasmas created by optical field ionization.2,3 However ...
... metrology of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) projection lithography optics.1 Laser amplification at this wavelength was demonstrated at a 2 – 3 Hz repetition rate in H-like Li ions following collisional recombination of completely ionized Li atoms in plasmas created by optical field ionization.2,3 However ...
www.slac.stanford.edu
... before the light passes through a window by having the radiation strike a metal mirror from which the visible light is reflected and in which the x-rays are absorbed. We then face the problem of thermal deformation of the, mirror. The x-ray power is concentrated in an angular cone of approximately 0 ...
... before the light passes through a window by having the radiation strike a metal mirror from which the visible light is reflected and in which the x-rays are absorbed. We then face the problem of thermal deformation of the, mirror. The x-ray power is concentrated in an angular cone of approximately 0 ...
1. INTRODUCTION
... visually; however, if a photodetector is placed so as to detect light from within the rapidly drifting fringe pattern, the time variation of the detected light signal can be amplified and fed to a loudspeaker, allowing an individual student or a lecture audience to hear the beating of the two light ...
... visually; however, if a photodetector is placed so as to detect light from within the rapidly drifting fringe pattern, the time variation of the detected light signal can be amplified and fed to a loudspeaker, allowing an individual student or a lecture audience to hear the beating of the two light ...
... calibration of the system that turns out to be more accurate than the results extracted from such equation. This calibration, however, is only useful for our specific optical setup (in other words, each optical system requires its own calibration). We performed a series of vertical scans by taking a ...
The long march of slow photonics
... higher the storage efficiency ηs (how many bits are delayed by each resonator), the simpler is the reconfiguration. This allows a minimum number of resonators to control the delay. The unitary time delay induced by every resonator is simply 1/πB, with B the CROW bandwidth: as a result, ηs depends on ...
... higher the storage efficiency ηs (how many bits are delayed by each resonator), the simpler is the reconfiguration. This allows a minimum number of resonators to control the delay. The unitary time delay induced by every resonator is simply 1/πB, with B the CROW bandwidth: as a result, ηs depends on ...
optical trap
... without damaging them. Optical tweezers prove very useful for this because, not only can they manipulate small particles very precisely, but, using infrared light, they can do so without causing damage. The development of the single beam optical trap was an important advance in optical tweezers, bec ...
... without damaging them. Optical tweezers prove very useful for this because, not only can they manipulate small particles very precisely, but, using infrared light, they can do so without causing damage. The development of the single beam optical trap was an important advance in optical tweezers, bec ...
Lecture 02
... Solution: Use principle rays to define image from first lens. Then use the first image as the object for the second lens ...
... Solution: Use principle rays to define image from first lens. Then use the first image as the object for the second lens ...
Measured limits to contamination of optical
... the high outgassing load from the specimen. The specimens were prepared and handled carefully before being inserted into the test chambers. The fluoroelastomer specimen was a single piece of 3M-Fluorel 2176 170 durometer2 molded into a truncated cone, 5 cm high, 4 cm in diameter at the base, and 3 c ...
... the high outgassing load from the specimen. The specimens were prepared and handled carefully before being inserted into the test chambers. The fluoroelastomer specimen was a single piece of 3M-Fluorel 2176 170 durometer2 molded into a truncated cone, 5 cm high, 4 cm in diameter at the base, and 3 c ...
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... and the power output was also set at less than 0.05 mW. An iris diaphragm was mounted at the laser output aperture and adjustment of this allowed the number of cells to be investigated to be modified. The experimental arrangement used to obtain images is shown in Fig. 1. The L1–L2 lens system was us ...
... and the power output was also set at less than 0.05 mW. An iris diaphragm was mounted at the laser output aperture and adjustment of this allowed the number of cells to be investigated to be modified. The experimental arrangement used to obtain images is shown in Fig. 1. The L1–L2 lens system was us ...
Suppression of optical damage at 532 nm in
... distortion. In fact for intensities greater than 3 kW/cm2 we could not obtain reliable data for Samples 1-3 because the smeared beam clipped on the active area of the CCD. Since the CCD measurements provide only a snapshot of the beam distortion, continuous time-dependent experiments were also carri ...
... distortion. In fact for intensities greater than 3 kW/cm2 we could not obtain reliable data for Samples 1-3 because the smeared beam clipped on the active area of the CCD. Since the CCD measurements provide only a snapshot of the beam distortion, continuous time-dependent experiments were also carri ...
Soft-x-ray interferometer for single-shot laser linewidth measurements
... grating G1, the x-ray laser beam is diffracted into different orders. By properly choosing the incidence angle and blaze of the grating, one can ensure that most of the incoming energy is split evenly between the zero and the first diffraction orders. As can be readily shown with geometric considera ...
... grating G1, the x-ray laser beam is diffracted into different orders. By properly choosing the incidence angle and blaze of the grating, one can ensure that most of the incoming energy is split evenly between the zero and the first diffraction orders. As can be readily shown with geometric considera ...
FarahWaheedaAhmadWahiddinMFKE2007TTTCHAP1
... Fiber optics is a relatively new technology that uses rays of light to send information over hair-thin fibers at blinding speeds. These fibers are used as an alternative to conventional copper wire in a variety of applications such as those associated with security, telecommunications, instrumentati ...
... Fiber optics is a relatively new technology that uses rays of light to send information over hair-thin fibers at blinding speeds. These fibers are used as an alternative to conventional copper wire in a variety of applications such as those associated with security, telecommunications, instrumentati ...
Confocal microscopy
Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of adding a spatial pinhole placed at the confocal plane of the lens to eliminate out-of-focus light. It enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures from the obtained images. This technique has gained popularity in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.