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Optical gratings: Nano-engineered lenses - MiNa
Optical gratings: Nano-engineered lenses - MiNa

... news & views previously been demonstrated using tunable inductor–capacitor resonators3. The challenge of implementing this concept at optical wavelengths is mostly one of scaling; submicrometre-sized resonators are required because optical wavelengths are so much shorter than radiowaves. This work ...
AcuityXR Technology Significantly Enhances Lateral Resolution of
AcuityXR Technology Significantly Enhances Lateral Resolution of

... is the numerical aperture of the optical system used to image the feature. For visibile-light microscope systems, including white-light interferometers, this limit is usually about 350 to 400nm. High-magnification objectives, such as 20X, 50X, and 115X typically produce diffraction-limited images. O ...
Direct Patterning of Three-Dimensional Periodic
Direct Patterning of Three-Dimensional Periodic

... effect. Furthermore, by designing the mask layout, the 3DSPAN technique can easily pattern nanostructures with complex outer geometries and opens the possibility of fabricating integrated nanophotonic circuits, analogous to the microelectronic circuits patterned by photolithography. Moreover, defect ...
Writing a superlattice with light forces
Writing a superlattice with light forces

... (Burleigh Inchworm motor and a 3D piezo-actuator on the upper left). The light is coupled in via an optical single-mode fiber (output coupler left) which ensures a stable beam profile and position ...
SY1. CT Laser Light Accuracy Laser light accuracy must be
SY1. CT Laser Light Accuracy Laser light accuracy must be

... localization lights, which centre the anatomic structure of interest in the scan field of view. This can be tested in several ways as shown below: 1. Axial Scan Localization Lights—Axial scan localization light accuracy is tested either by imaging a thin wire (approximately 1 mm diameter) or by usin ...
Principles of Electron Structure Research at Atomic Resolution
Principles of Electron Structure Research at Atomic Resolution

... resolution would be of extreme interest. The only chance to do this is to use electrons or other strongly scattered particles. One could argue that the object will be destroyed before a sufficient number of scattered particles has been collected. Tile excellent results at 'atomic resolution' with th ...
Electro-optical photonic circuits for classical and
Electro-optical photonic circuits for classical and

... and use one photon of the correlated pair as a trigger for its companion (commonly called heralded single photons generation). Being able to electro-activate a funnel waveguide allows us to generate a very effective intensity modulation in conjunction with very short response time. These properties ...
The long march of slow photonics
The long march of slow photonics

... reconfigurable coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW)2. In a CROW, the higher the storage efficiency ηs (how many bits are delayed by each resonator), the simpler is the reconfiguration. This allows a minimum number of resonators to control the delay. The unitary time delay induced by every reso ...
PART 3_ir spectra_01
PART 3_ir spectra_01

... An interferogram is generated because of the unique optics of an FT-IR instrument. The key components are a moveable mirror and beam splitter. The moveable mirror is responsible for the quality of the interferogram, and it is very important to move the mirror at constant speed. For this reason, the ...
Intro to FIRERAY OBSD
Intro to FIRERAY OBSD

... smoke, the Optical Beam sends a signal to the Fire Alarm Control Panel ...
2.7 Membrane Structure
2.7 Membrane Structure

... Invented in 1936 by Frits Zernike Phase ring amplifies differences in the refractive index of cell and surroundings Improves the contrast of a sample without the use of a stain Allows for the visualization of live samples Resulting image is dark cells on a light background (Figure ...
Aberration-free three-dimensional multiphoton imaging of neuronal
Aberration-free three-dimensional multiphoton imaging of neuronal

... and translating them into action potential output. In order to understand the neural code it is important to study both the activity in dendrites and the action potential outputs of large populations of neurons. However, direct electrical recordings from thin dendrites and simultaneous recordings fr ...
Image Formation & Optical Instruments
Image Formation & Optical Instruments

... Schmidt-Cassegrain reflecting telescope. ...
Characterisation of the Tunable Laser Source
Characterisation of the Tunable Laser Source

... is varied by changing the spacing between the mirrors by a very small amount. The advantage of the Fabry-Perot interferometer is its very narrow spectral resolution, which allows it to measure laser chirp. The major disadvantage is that at any one position multiple wavelengths will be passed by the ...
Focal length
Focal length

... Principal axis - a radius drawn to the mirror surface from the center of curvature of the mirror - normal to mirror surface Focus - the point where light rays parallel to principal axis converge; the focus is always found on the inner part of the "circle" of which the mirror is a small arc; the focu ...
Module 27: Polarization-II Lecture 27: Polarization-II
Module 27: Polarization-II Lecture 27: Polarization-II

... no when E is perpendicular to the x axis. Here the x axis is referred to as the optic axis. The optical properties are the same in all directions perpendicular ~ is along the optic axis. Crystals may to the optic axis and it is different if E have more than one optic axis. Here we only consider a si ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
Sample pages 1 PDF

... lens that dominate the optical system. An objective aperture is used to restrict its numerical aperture to a size where the aberrations do not lead to significant blurring of the probe. The requirement of an objective aperture has two important consequences: (i) it imposes a diffraction limit to the ...
Holography
Holography

... before them from a single, tiny vantage point. The glass lenses that followed, were, in effect, simply giant pinholes, with all the light they collected being passed through a tiny point—a pinhole as it were—at the focal point of the glass lens before spreading out again before hitting the film or ...
METHODS FOR DETERMINING BIOGENICITY IN ARCHEAN AND
METHODS FOR DETERMINING BIOGENICITY IN ARCHEAN AND

... PPRG). The syngenetic inclusions are either imbedded in the rock (and exposed by etching) or broken by fracturing the rock. The geochemistry reflects that of the groundmass, (i.e. calcium carbonate), usually with an elevated carbon content, which is a good signature for biogenicity. The Warrawoona c ...
Lecture 27
Lecture 27

... An improvisation with Fresnel prisms  The array creates images of any point on the opposite side – but only in crosssection. Two crossed arrays create images in 3D. ...
Optical Lenses part 2
Optical Lenses part 2

... A lens is a curved transparent material that is smooth and regularly shaped so that when light strikes it, the light refracts in a predictable and useful way.  Made of transparent glass or very hard plastic ...
Biological specimen 3D morphology and refractive index separation
Biological specimen 3D morphology and refractive index separation

... can be used for example to assess and quantify cellular swelling resulting from physiological, pathological processes or external stimulation (drugs screening...). The refractive index gives information about the intracellular water fluxes and protein concentration. Conventional light microscopes, r ...
Time of flight-photoemission electron microscope for ultrahigh
Time of flight-photoemission electron microscope for ultrahigh

... Therefore the contrast change becomes weaker in this case as compared to the image series obtained with the IEF mode. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that we observe some bright spots in the PEEM images under 400 nm/60 ps laser excitation. Four prominent crystallites can be distinguished with ...
Document
Document

... hit near the outside of mirror are focused at a different point when compared with those that are close to the centre. • This causes a blurring of the image, and is known as spherical aberration. ...
Eyewear Lens Selection Guide
Eyewear Lens Selection Guide

... Filter Shades: Protects against ultra-violet and infrared radiation generated when working with molten metal, and in welding, cutting, soldering and brazing. ...
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Microscopy



Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy.Optical and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation/electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image. This process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation of the sample (for example standard light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) or by scanning of a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Scanning probe microscopy involves the interaction of a scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest. The development of microscopy revolutionized biology and remains an essential technique in the life and physical sciences.
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