EM Waves Summary Sheet File
... When a ray enters a denser material it slows down and can refract towards the normal to the surface. When a ray enters a less dense material it speeds up and can refract away the normal to the surface. ...
... When a ray enters a denser material it slows down and can refract towards the normal to the surface. When a ray enters a less dense material it speeds up and can refract away the normal to the surface. ...
Reports of optical fiber communication systems 2011-2012
... The disadvantage of this method depends on the fact that only low RF frequency signals can be generated (distributed). This is so because to generate higher frequency signals such as mm waves, the modulating signal must also be at the same high frequency. ...
... The disadvantage of this method depends on the fact that only low RF frequency signals can be generated (distributed). This is so because to generate higher frequency signals such as mm waves, the modulating signal must also be at the same high frequency. ...
Self-collimation and focusing effects in zero
... prevents exactly fulfill the FP condition, the transmission pikes broaden when the spectral distance |λ0 − Λm | increases, Fig. 1b. The first and the third resonances become in this scheme large conducting bands whose upper and lower boundaries determine the zero-n̄ gap edges. The reflection spectr ...
... prevents exactly fulfill the FP condition, the transmission pikes broaden when the spectral distance |λ0 − Λm | increases, Fig. 1b. The first and the third resonances become in this scheme large conducting bands whose upper and lower boundaries determine the zero-n̄ gap edges. The reflection spectr ...
CHAPTER 15. LASER AND FIBER OPTICS The laser is essentially
... Lasers are classified in many ways. Sometimes they are grouped according to the state of matter represented by the laser medium: gas, liquid, or solid. Sometimes they are classified according to how they are pumped: flashlamp, electrical discharge, chemical actions, and so on. Other classifications ...
... Lasers are classified in many ways. Sometimes they are grouped according to the state of matter represented by the laser medium: gas, liquid, or solid. Sometimes they are classified according to how they are pumped: flashlamp, electrical discharge, chemical actions, and so on. Other classifications ...
Training modules for an advanced interactive course on
... teaching of optical design. Since then a great deal of tutorial material has been prepared for conventional training methods, some of which is now available online. 2. The learning process First, it is worth looking at what a professional psychologist has to say about the learning process. Howard Ga ...
... teaching of optical design. Since then a great deal of tutorial material has been prepared for conventional training methods, some of which is now available online. 2. The learning process First, it is worth looking at what a professional psychologist has to say about the learning process. Howard Ga ...
Research Directions
... When a magnetic field is applied the Zeeman shifts lead to a difference between the resonance frequencies for the two circular polarizations. This displaces the dispersion curves for the two polarizations. A characteristic width of these dispersion curves, G, corresponds to the spectral width of an ...
... When a magnetic field is applied the Zeeman shifts lead to a difference between the resonance frequencies for the two circular polarizations. This displaces the dispersion curves for the two polarizations. A characteristic width of these dispersion curves, G, corresponds to the spectral width of an ...
Lecture 14 Images Chapter 34
... Geometrical Optics:Study of reflection and refraction of light from surfaces ...
... Geometrical Optics:Study of reflection and refraction of light from surfaces ...
Near-field optical micromanipulation
... With enhancement layer… 22±2.7 um/s!! 1.8 W / (2 x 10-4m)2 0.005 W / (4 x 10-6m)2 ...
... With enhancement layer… 22±2.7 um/s!! 1.8 W / (2 x 10-4m)2 0.005 W / (4 x 10-6m)2 ...
Lab 11 - Optical Ray Tracing
... surface (lens, mirror, screen, iris, etc.), a light ray can be propagated from the source to they target and thereby generating an approximate property of the optical system. To simplify computation and usage, a number of assumptions on the optics have been made. For example, a ray is treated as a m ...
... surface (lens, mirror, screen, iris, etc.), a light ray can be propagated from the source to they target and thereby generating an approximate property of the optical system. To simplify computation and usage, a number of assumptions on the optics have been made. For example, a ray is treated as a m ...
Photonic bandgap
... Tubes are packed in a hexagonal shape with hollow, solid, birefringent, doped or tubular core elements. ...
... Tubes are packed in a hexagonal shape with hollow, solid, birefringent, doped or tubular core elements. ...
Diffusion-controlled optical elements for
... convenient and flexible devices for optical filtering because the optical properties 共e.g., refractive index, absorption, and fluorescence兲 of the core can be adjusted easily by changing the liquid 共the fluid itself or its solutes兲.1,7 In each of these systems, however, a solid component defines the ...
... convenient and flexible devices for optical filtering because the optical properties 共e.g., refractive index, absorption, and fluorescence兲 of the core can be adjusted easily by changing the liquid 共the fluid itself or its solutes兲.1,7 In each of these systems, however, a solid component defines the ...
ATR Accessories: An Overview
... ideal for wet or aqueous samples. Zinc selenide has a similar refractive index to that of diamond, which make it a cost effective alternative for some applications. Silicon: Silicon has a high refractive index which makes it applicable for high absorbing samples. Silicon is also scratch and water re ...
... ideal for wet or aqueous samples. Zinc selenide has a similar refractive index to that of diamond, which make it a cost effective alternative for some applications. Silicon: Silicon has a high refractive index which makes it applicable for high absorbing samples. Silicon is also scratch and water re ...
626KB - NZQA
... incident ray to mirror = 90° and the angle of reflection + angle of reflected ray to mirror = 90° AND i = r, so angle of incident ray to mirror = angle of reflected ray to mirror ...
... incident ray to mirror = 90° and the angle of reflection + angle of reflected ray to mirror = 90° AND i = r, so angle of incident ray to mirror = angle of reflected ray to mirror ...
Lec02 - nptel
... wide solid angle then the source has low intensity. If the emitted light is confined to very narrow cone, the source appears to be very bright because its intensity increases. This happens in case of a LASER whose light appears to be much brighter and travels long distance than a normal 60W bulb tho ...
... wide solid angle then the source has low intensity. If the emitted light is confined to very narrow cone, the source appears to be very bright because its intensity increases. This happens in case of a LASER whose light appears to be much brighter and travels long distance than a normal 60W bulb tho ...
CHAPTER 4 REFLECTED LIGHT OPTICS
... microscope lamp emits light when "energized" by the passage of an electric current). One of the interesting consequences of the developments in physics in the early part of the twentieth century was the realization that light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation can be described both as wave ...
... microscope lamp emits light when "energized" by the passage of an electric current). One of the interesting consequences of the developments in physics in the early part of the twentieth century was the realization that light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation can be described both as wave ...
Anti-reflective coating
An antireflective or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses and other optical elements to reduce reflection. In typical imaging systems, this improves the efficiency since less light is lost. In complex systems such as a telescope, the reduction in reflections also improves the contrast of the image by elimination of stray light. This is especially important in planetary astronomy. In other applications, the primary benefit is the elimination of the reflection itself, such as a coating on eyeglass lenses that makes the eyes of the wearer more visible to others, or a coating to reduce the glint from a covert viewer's binoculars or telescopic sight.Many coatings consist of transparent thin film structures with alternating layers of contrasting refractive index. Layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference in the beams reflected from the interfaces, and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted beams. This makes the structure's performance change with wavelength and incident angle, so that color effects often appear at oblique angles. A wavelength range must be specified when designing or ordering such coatings, but good performance can often be achieved for a relatively wide range of frequencies: usually a choice of IR, visible, or UV is offered.