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The Autonomy of Syntax
The Autonomy of Syntax

... just don’t work like that. There are special cases where verbs agree with an adjacent NP, such as in first conjunct agreement (Aoun et al. 1999, Munn 1999), but no language known organizes its agreement system in the way that would make things easy for an RNN. This is essentially the flip side of Ch ...
Index: Participial postmodification in NP
Index: Participial postmodification in NP

... Negative purpose is not expressed by a negative to-infinitive alone; therefore the sentence *I’ll go there at once not to be late is not grammatical. A negative infinitive of purpose is always preceded by so as or in order: I’ll go there in order not to be late. The subject of the infinitival clause ...
File
File

... easy- to-understand language. Students are then challenged to apply what they are learning through practice pages. Next comes a review, followed by a quick and easy- to-score quiz. Occasionally, you may want to add an extra exercise or practice test depending on students’ progress, but the units are ...
Chapter 20: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
Chapter 20: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar

... SYN feature whose value is described by the AVM containing the HEAD, SPR, and COMPS features. The HEAD feature tells us what kind of lexical item this is. It is a noun, it triggers neuter and third person agreement. The SPR feature gives us an ordered list of the items that may or must appear in the ...
Tying Ideas Together with Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns
Tying Ideas Together with Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns

... conjunction. If you see such a clause alone without a main clause — for example, weil er seine Stimme verloren hat (because he lost his voice) — you’re left waiting to find out more information. • Relative clause (dependent clause): This type of clause can’t stand on its own even though it has a sen ...
writing an effective technical report
writing an effective technical report

... That’s a big dog. loudly, well, often ...
Slide 28
Slide 28

... The twins are my IO. It is important that you can identify the DO in a sentence in order to best isolate the IO. A sentence cannot have an IO without a DO. The DO might be implied, but there will also be one. You can however, have a DO without and IO. In the next sentence, we are going to re-word it ...
Name English 7 Period Review Packet for the English 7 Final Exam
Name English 7 Period Review Packet for the English 7 Final Exam

... Students will be reminded of due dates periodically, and they are indicated on the calendars. Additional review for thefinalwill be held every morning. After school review is available upon request. Ms. Steinberg can review in the library Wednesdays after school. The English final exam is Thursday, ...
Practice and Apply
Practice and Apply

... 4. John told us about the ostriches he had photographed after the test. ...
Grammar by STAAR-light - Priceless Literacy
Grammar by STAAR-light - Priceless Literacy

... worked to free them from the wreckage. ...
Participant Guide
Participant Guide

... be taken seriously when the words are spelled accurately and the sentences are grammatically correct. Use of standard English conventions helps readers understand and follow the student’s meaning, while errors can be distracting and confusing. Standard English conventions are the “good manners” of ...
segmentation of french sentences - Association for Computational
segmentation of french sentences - Association for Computational

... 8. This routine is undoubtedly the most important part of the conversion programme. It examines every word from right to left in order te see whether the ending of the word matches with an entry in the list of verb-flexives. If the answer is in the affirmative, the routine will try to match the rema ...
DEGREES OF SIMPLICITY IN ADVERTISING SLOGAN GRAMMAR
DEGREES OF SIMPLICITY IN ADVERTISING SLOGAN GRAMMAR

... In the corpuses under scrutiny and in advertising in general, NGs function as minor or onemember clauses isolated visually within the advertising text. In the present study the NG structures were not considered minor clauses, although they originate in deleted attributive clauses. As number of words ...
Ling 110 Chapter V: Structure 1
Ling 110 Chapter V: Structure 1

... occurs in isolation: – A: What are those over there? – B: Dogs. • In this way, it contrasts with forms like the plural -s that was added to dog to form dogs which cannot be used by itself. • However, English orthography is not a reliable criterion for determining the words in a sentence. – Consider ...
THE SYNTAX-SEMANTICS INTERFACE
THE SYNTAX-SEMANTICS INTERFACE

... The examples in (8) show a verb-object idiom and a subject-verb-object idiom. What about a subject-verb idiom that is then transparently combined with the object? Marantz (1984: 24-28) claims that there are no examples of this type in English. Since syntacticians have argued that the verb and the ob ...
ppt
ppt

... Quantifiers Quantifiers are words that express quantities, like a, some, every, none, and most. “The first problem is simply one of abstraction…they are not tied to concrete referents and can be applied to any noun, with only a few constraints…In addition, their meanings are highly contextually def ...
Commas - RISD Writing Center
Commas - RISD Writing Center

... Comma Quiz Solution: ...
Using Clauses as Nouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs
Using Clauses as Nouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs

... Some clauses, however, cannot stand alone as sentences: in this case, they are dependent clauses or subordinate clauses. Consider the same clause with the subordinating conjunction "because" added to the beginning: Dependent When the Prime Minister is in Ottawa In this case, the clause could not be ...
Troublesome Modifier Workshop
Troublesome Modifier Workshop

... Purring happily, the woman spooned out the cat food. (modifier)--------purring happily (word it seems to modify)-----the woman There are two common ways to fix a dangling modifier. One way is to change the phrase to a dependent clause containing its own subject. The example a below illustrates this ...
Sentence Diagramming
Sentence Diagramming

... An adverb clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction. Some common subordinating conjunctions include because, before, since, though, and whether. ...
Chapter 6: Coordination and Ellipsis
Chapter 6: Coordination and Ellipsis

... is a new car and the second conjunct is a new truck: That guy wants a new car or a new truck. Each of the conjuncts is a noun phrase and the whole conjoined structure is also a noun phrase, in this case the direct object of want. Practice Analyzing Coordination: What are the coordinating conjunction ...
Case of Personal Pronouns
Case of Personal Pronouns

... do you think the Greeks honored as the goddess of agriculture? 2Hades, (who/whom) ruled the underworld, admired Persephone, the daughter of Demeter, and he kidnapped her. 3Persephone, (who/whom) Hades made queen of the underworld, could not escape. 4Demeter, (who/whom) had grown angry at the loss of ...
Comma Rules and Uses - RISD Writing Center
Comma Rules and Uses - RISD Writing Center

... quality of written language, these pauses are strategically placed to help readers understand. When writers place commas based on their vocal patterns alone, the meaning may not transfer correctly. In fact, commas don’t automatically occur just because a sentence is long, like this example: No one i ...
Lesson 7 - Urmila Devi Dasi
Lesson 7 - Urmila Devi Dasi

... WHERE did the Pandavas walk? They walked through the forest. The path through the forest was seen by the Pandavas. ...
Prepositions
Prepositions

... Connecting adverbs and conjunctions • a. Stress and punctuation • In spoken English, a connecting adverb is usually given more stress than a conjunction. Correspondingly, in formal written English a connecting adverb is usually separated from the rest of a clause by commas, whereas a conjunction is ...
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Sloppy identity

In linguistics, Sloppy Identity is an interpretive issue involved in contexts like Verb Phrase Ellipsis where the identity of the pronoun in an elided VP (Verb Phrase) is not identical to the antecedent VP.For example, English allows VPs to be elided, as in example 1). The elided VP can be interpreted in at least two ways, namely as in (1a) or (1b) for this example.In (1a), the pronoun his refers to John in both the first and the second clause. This is done by assigning the same index to John and to both the “his” pronouns. This is called the “strict identity” reading because the elided VP is interpreted as being identical to the antecedent VP.In (1b), the pronoun his refers to John in the first clause, but the pronoun his in the second clause refers to Bob. This is done by assigning a different index to the pronoun his in the two clauses. In the first clause, pronoun his is co-indexed with John, in the second clause, pronoun his is co-indexed with Bob. This is called the “sloppy identity” reading because the elided VP is not interpreted as identical to the antecedent VP.1) John scratched his arm and Bob did too.This sentence can have a strict reading:1) a. Johni scratched hisi arm and Bobj [scratched hisi arm] too.Or a sloppy reading:1) b. Johni scratched hisi arm and Bobj [scratched hisj arm] too.
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