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The Effects of Wind Forcing on Surface Currents on the Continental
The Effects of Wind Forcing on Surface Currents on the Continental

The RADMED monitoring programme as a tool for
The RADMED monitoring programme as a tool for

... 2009), affected the whole western Mediterranean Sea. There is no agreement on the relative importance of the different deep water formation mechanisms that have caused this phenomenon. Nevertheless, it seems evident that the anomawww.ocean-sci.net/11/897/2015/ ...
Barents Sea Monitoring with a SEA EXPLORER Glider
Barents Sea Monitoring with a SEA EXPLORER Glider

... the world for fisheries and extraction of mineral resources. This is also a key area for observing g exchanges between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Arcticc Ocean. The Barents Sea is a challengiing operating area for a glider, with a shallow average depth h of 230 m and banks and sea mounts risin ...
(yes) thermohaline structure
(yes) thermohaline structure

Impact of river discharge, upwelling and vertical
Impact of river discharge, upwelling and vertical

COLLIER, ROBERT W. Molybdenum in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
COLLIER, ROBERT W. Molybdenum in the Northeast Pacific Ocean

... silicon. These new data, coupled with metalnutritional studies on laboratory algal cultures, suggest the possibility of a broad spectrum of co-limiting nutrients which include some of the metals (Huntsman and Sunda 1980; Morel and Hudson 1985). Molybdenum is frequently mentioned as a trace nutrient ...
Oceans of the World Moody Gardens Education Department Curriculum
Oceans of the World Moody Gardens Education Department Curriculum

... An ocean is a large body of salt water on the earth's surface. At the present time, about 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans, which have an average depth of 13,124 feet (4003 m). This may sound like a lot of water, but if you compare it to the diameter of the earth, it is actually a ver ...
The power of plankton
The power of plankton

Seasonal and Nonseasonal Variabilities of the Chu, Peter C.
Seasonal and Nonseasonal Variabilities of the Chu, Peter C.

... (ECS) shelf, Yellow Sea (YS) Basin, Cheju bifurcation (CB) zone, Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) region, Kuroshio Current (KC) region. The long term mean surface heat balance corresponds to a heat loss of 30 W m-2 in the ESC and CB regions, a heat loss of 65 W m-2 in the KC and TWC regions, and a heat gai ...
2008, final Lecture 12 deep sea and hydro vents
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... • The irony of vent communities is that, despite their harsh environment, they appear to have survived for many millions of years, and have apparently changed little in that time. Vent life appears to be more closely related to ancient animals than anything alive today. ...
Oceanography
Oceanography

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Front Matter - Assets - Cambridge

... The world’s oceans are an essential source of food and other resources, as well as providing an important means of transportation, trade, and recreation. Covering more than two thirds of the Earth’s surface, our oceans are intricately linked to our climate system and require careful management to en ...
Rate Processes and Fluxes of Marine Biogeochemical Cycles
Rate Processes and Fluxes of Marine Biogeochemical Cycles

... highly relevant to Decadal Survey Theme III Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems and Natural Resource Management and also pertinent to Theme IV Climate Variability and Change: Seasonal to Centennial, and Theme I: Global Hydrological Cycles and Water Resources. The ocean’s phytoplankton and other microb ...
The biogeochemistry of the river and shelf ecosystem of the Arctic
The biogeochemistry of the river and shelf ecosystem of the Arctic

Swedish efforts to address ocean acidification, including links to
Swedish efforts to address ocean acidification, including links to

... Practices for Ocean Acidification Research [19], BALTIC-C [20], which investigated the fate of CO2 and organic carbon in the Baltic, and SHEBA [21], which investigates sustainable shipping and environment of the Baltic Sea region. Examples of research funding collaborations include BONUS, NMR, the J ...
DELIVERING INTEGRATED MARINE OBSERVATIONS
DELIVERING INTEGRATED MARINE OBSERVATIONS

... the sea are counted, then the European Union’s “blue” economy represents 5.4 million jobs and a gross added value of just under €500 billion per year. Whether it is shipping, fishing, offshore energy or coastal tourism, all marine economic activities are sensitive to the vagaries of ocean conditions ...
Joint SCAR/SCOR Coordination of Southern Ocean Studies
Joint SCAR/SCOR Coordination of Southern Ocean Studies

... programmes concerned with oceanography of the Southern Ocean. Towards the end of the century, with the advent and eventual success of activities such as the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), it became clear that the Southern Ocean was a key feat ...
Chapter 16: The Marine Environment
Chapter 16: The Marine Environment

North Atlantic and North Sea Climate Change
North Atlantic and North Sea Climate Change

... altimeter data) is correlated with westerly winds (based on North Atlantic Oscillation [NAO] Index data over a nine year period [1992^2002] with 108 monthly values). The data time window includes the major change in climate forcing over the last 100 years (1995 to 1996). It is shown that the NAO Ind ...
Chapter 19 - Mr. Goodenough
Chapter 19 - Mr. Goodenough

Education Ph.D., Oceanography – 1990 Marine Hydrophysical
Education Ph.D., Oceanography – 1990 Marine Hydrophysical

... Gulf of Mexico, 2013 – Consultant. Inspect and QC ADCP near-bottom current data collected by the Chevron Energy Technology Company at three sites in the deep Gulf of Mexico. Provide recommendation to the Chevron Energy Technology Company on how to improve the quality of the near-bottom current measu ...
Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters
Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters

met60-topic02
met60-topic02

... – this matters because…see below… ...
A Regional Geography of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean
A Regional Geography of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Bice, K. L., E. J. Barron, and W. H. Peterson,... Eocene paleobathymetry and ocean GCM sensitivity to specified basin
Bice, K. L., E. J. Barron, and W. H. Peterson,... Eocene paleobathymetry and ocean GCM sensitivity to specified basin

... features such as seismic and aseismic ridges have long been recognized as controls on ocean circulation in modern oceanographic studies and numerical models of the present-day ocean. Current measurements in Drake Passage indicate that the speed of Antarctic circumpolar currents and the mass transpor ...
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Arctic Ocean



The Arctic Ocean (also known as the Northern Ocean), located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. Alternatively, the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean.Almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America, the Arctic Ocean is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year (and almost completely in winter). The Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans, due to low evaporation, heavy fresh water inflow from rivers and streams, and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities. The summer shrinking of the ice has been quoted at 50%. The US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) uses satellite data to provide a daily record of Arctic sea ice cover and the rate of melting compared to an average period and specific past years.
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