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Changes in Ocean Geometry Over the Past Billion Years
Changes in Ocean Geometry Over the Past Billion Years

... formation was fairly stable and lasted about 200 My. But in the meantime, Gondwanaland drifted over the South Pole. ...
The Water Planet
The Water Planet

20.1 Reading Guide
20.1 Reading Guide

... 4. What percent of the world’s water is not in the ocean? 5. What fraction is the ocean compared to the mass of the whole earth? 6. What are the three major oceans? 7. Why isn’t the Arctic Ocean considered an ocean like the others? ...
vast expanses of arctic ice melt in summer heat
vast expanses of arctic ice melt in summer heat

... years, as thick multiyear ice has given way as the Arctic's dominant form to thin ice that comes and goes with each winter and summer. The past few years have "signaled a fundamental change in the character of the ice and the Arctic climate," Meier said. ...
Project EARTH-16-HLJ1 - Department of Earth Sciences
Project EARTH-16-HLJ1 - Department of Earth Sciences

Ocean Water - Perry Local Schools
Ocean Water - Perry Local Schools

... Ocean Currents • Surface currents: stream-like movements of water that occur at or near the surface of the ocean ...
Major Ocean Currents
Major Ocean Currents

... • Important role in the connection between the Pacific & Indian Oceans (input of warm-fresh Pacific waters to Indian Ocean) • Driven by higher sea level in the Pacific and lower in the Indian Ocean • Very complex- many islands and passages • Important for climate change (global ocean conveyer belt) ...
COASTAL WATERS 15 The main topographical features of the
COASTAL WATERS 15 The main topographical features of the

Extreme Trapping O
Extreme Trapping O

... Pacific plate oceanic crust at the bottom of the trench is instruments situated farther up the line, and finally the destined to be subducted beneath the continental crust of buoy that plugs the hole in the ice. The sediment trap is adjacent plates. Thus ocean surface life forms contribute to progra ...
RAIN FORESTS - Cobb Learning
RAIN FORESTS - Cobb Learning

... Thermocline- 300 meters to 700 meters below sea level; here water temperature drops fastest with increasing depth Deep Zone- from base of thermocline to bottom of ocean Average Temperature= 2 Celsius ...
Environmental Problems
Environmental Problems

... – Deforestation & burning fossil fuels ...
arctic ice
arctic ice

... Parkenson. Scientists know this because of measurements taken by satellites. Parkenson. The Arctic ice cover [has been decreasing] overall. In the course of the past two decades, it’s been retreating at about a rate of 2.8% per decade. Baron. That’s like losing an area the size of Maryland every yea ...
Oppgaver til gruppetime torsdag 27. oktober.
Oppgaver til gruppetime torsdag 27. oktober.

Deep Ocean Currents Quiz Answer Key
Deep Ocean Currents Quiz Answer Key

Canada`s Three Oceans
Canada`s Three Oceans

... water will be taken, and measured for harmless nuclear traces. These trace amounts pose no threat to health or safety, but they do allow for an effective means to chart water movement. By identifying and following the samples, it can be determined at what rate the waters of the Atlantic Ocean circul ...
Dr Thomas M. Cronin - QMplus - Queen Mary University of London
Dr Thomas M. Cronin - QMplus - Queen Mary University of London

... look at our current understanding of Arctic Ocean sea ice, temperature, and climatic history, and discuss how it can be used as a framework for understanding future manmade changes to the climate in the Arctic. Sea-ice history reconstructed from fossils preserved in Arctic Ocean sediments is reveali ...
Important Oceanography Information Seafloor Features: A
Important Oceanography Information Seafloor Features: A

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Arctic Ocean



The Arctic Ocean (also known as the Northern Ocean), located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. Alternatively, the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean.Almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America, the Arctic Ocean is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year (and almost completely in winter). The Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans, due to low evaporation, heavy fresh water inflow from rivers and streams, and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities. The summer shrinking of the ice has been quoted at 50%. The US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) uses satellite data to provide a daily record of Arctic sea ice cover and the rate of melting compared to an average period and specific past years.
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