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The Farey Sequence and Its Niche(s)
The Farey Sequence and Its Niche(s)

CHAPTER 2: METHODS OF PROOF Section 2.1: BASIC PROOFS
CHAPTER 2: METHODS OF PROOF Section 2.1: BASIC PROOFS

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University of Chicago “A Textbook for Advanced Calculus”

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Notes on Mathematical Logic David W. Kueker

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Computer Mathematics using Pascal, 2nd Edition

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Logic and Proof

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lecture notes in logic - UCLA Department of Mathematics

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Notes on Discrete Mathematics CS 202: Fall 2013 James Aspnes 2014-10-24 21:23

29(2)
29(2)

... To understand Fibonacci's outstanding contributions to knowledge, it is necessary to know something of the age in which he lived and of the mathematics that preceded him. Indeed, a study of his writings reminds one of the history of pre-medieval mathematics in microcosm. In an age of great commercia ...
Foundations of Mathematics I Set Theory (only a draft)
Foundations of Mathematics I Set Theory (only a draft)

Preferences and Unrestricted Rebut
Preferences and Unrestricted Rebut

... (possibly even the last one) is defeasible. Hence, if an argument restrictedly rebuts another argument then it also unrestrictedly rebuts it, but not vice versa. Forms of unrestricted rebut are applied in the formalism of Prakken and Sartor [16], the argumentation version of Nute’s Defeasible Logic ...
Integers without large prime factors in short intervals: Conditional
Integers without large prime factors in short intervals: Conditional

... except that the bound for S(t) will be different. Remark 1. Recently Soundararajan [So10] has improved the result substantially on√RH alone. He proves, on RH, that there are Xα -smooth numbers in intervals of length c(α) X. Remark 2. Our proof shows that the number of Xα -smooth numbers in the inter ...
ARE THERE INFINITELY MANY TWIN PRIMES
ARE THERE INFINITELY MANY TWIN PRIMES

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40(3)

Chapter 10. Sequences, etc. 10.1: Least upper bounds and greatest
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... • If the terms in the sequence are all positive and are getting huge without any bound, we write limn→∞ an = ∞. Note that if the terms in the sequence are all positive then limn→∞ an = ∞ if and only if limn→∞ a1n = 0. Similarly, if the terms in a sequence are all negative then limn→∞ an = −∞ if and ...
ABSTRACT On the Goldbach Conjecture Westin King Director: Dr
ABSTRACT On the Goldbach Conjecture Westin King Director: Dr

... The authors employ several new methods to improve previous bounds, including a refinement of certain numerical estimates and a slight change to the general HardyLittlewood circle method. Usually with the circle method, the unit interval is broken into several disjoint subsets, for which Liu and Wang ...
Dedekind cuts of Archimedean complete ordered abelian groups
Dedekind cuts of Archimedean complete ordered abelian groups

... DEFINITION 2. We will say that a Dedekind cut (X, Y) of an ordered group G is a Veronese cut of G, if for each positive d  G there are x  X and y  Y for which y −x B d; if G is nondiscrete and every Veronese cut of G is a continuous cut we will say that G is Veronese continuous. Although these no ...
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4 Absolute Value Functions

Modern Algebra I Section 1 · Assignment 3 Exercise 1. (pg. 27 Warm
Modern Algebra I Section 1 · Assignment 3 Exercise 1. (pg. 27 Warm

... So d divides a + b . Recall that a + b is prime; by Theorem 2.7, it is irreducible. Since a + b is irreducible and a + b = d (x + y), by definition d = 1 or x + y = 1. If d = 1, then gcd (a, b ) = 1, and we are done. Otherwise, x + y = 1. We show that this assumption gives a contradiction. Substitut ...
Notes on Discrete Mathematics
Notes on Discrete Mathematics

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Lecture Notes on Discrete Mathematics

CATEGORICAL MODELS OF FIRST
CATEGORICAL MODELS OF FIRST

... case of classical categories) and also models where this equality does not hold; these non-idempotent models are intruiguing but not well understood. This thesis concentrates on the classical categories of Führmann and Pym, and extends their results to first-order LK, in the spirit of Lawvere [49] ...
Proof Pearl: Defining Functions Over Finite Sets
Proof Pearl: Defining Functions Over Finite Sets

... Alternative 2 above resembles the inductive definition of fold. Whichever alternative is chosen, we should only prove enough results about cardinality to allow the definition of fold : many lemmas about cardinality are instances of more general lemmas about set summation and can be obtained easily o ...
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Non-standard calculus

In mathematics, non-standard calculus is the modern application of infinitesimals, in the sense of non-standard analysis, to differential and integral calculus. It provides a rigorous justification for some arguments in calculus that were previously considered merely heuristic.Calculations with infinitesimals were widely used before Karl Weierstrass sought to replace them with the (ε, δ)-definition of limit starting in the 1870s. (See history of calculus.) For almost one hundred years thereafter, mathematicians like Richard Courant viewed infinitesimals as being naive and vague or meaningless.Contrary to such views, Abraham Robinson showed in 1960 that infinitesimals are precise, clear, and meaningful, building upon work by Edwin Hewitt and Jerzy Łoś. According to Jerome Keisler, ""Robinson solved a three hundred year old problem by giving a precise treatment of infinitesimals. Robinson's achievement will probably rank as one of the major mathematical advances of the twentieth century.""
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