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Seed plants
Seed plants

... Lycophytes • Club mosses are the earliest vascular plants – They lack seeds – Superficially resemble true mosses but they are not related – Homosporous or heterosporous ...
Weed ID TWO
Weed ID TWO

... Leaves are oblanceolate; toothed or pinnately parted, with short petioles along branches and forming rosette at base; upper leaves become reduced, sessile, and often entire Stems are smooth; erect; branched; 1 to 6 feet tall Flowers are bright blue or purple, sometimes white; ray flowers 1 to 1 1/2 ...
Toxic Weeds Identification Guide
Toxic Weeds Identification Guide

... ID: Member of the clover family resembles small scotch broom flowers and plants. This is a biennial that can grow up to nine feet tall. Flowers are small, white or yellow & fragrant. Fruit is a smooth pod The danger: While the fresh plant is often avoided by equines, it is yellow sweet clover in hay ...
Scientific Name: Plantago lanceolata
Scientific Name: Plantago lanceolata

... Scientific Name: Echinacea purpurea General: 1- 2 feet tall, grows in dry woods, fields, cultivated beds. Flowers: Purple petals and cone-shaped head of golden flowers in center. Leaves: Leaves are elliptical, toothed and opposite. Medicinal Uses: Used to treat infected wounds, psoriasis, and eczema ...
The Plant Kingdom - Junta de Andalucía
The Plant Kingdom - Junta de Andalucía

... Ferns develop clusters of spores called sorus on the underside of the fronds. Mosses produce spores inside capsules at the end of filaments. Many angiosperms are deciduous, for example, oak trees. They lose their leaves in winter. Ferns have roots, stems and leaves. The stem, called a rhizome, grows ...
Elmigera
Elmigera

... sometimes reddish stems arising from a basal rosette, herbage smooth or occasionally short hairs at base. Leaves: Basal ones 5-13 cm (2-5”) long, lanceolate, spatulate or ovate, may be wavyedged, smooth or hairy and present at anthesis (bloom). Cauline leaves are linear to lanceolate and stemless. I ...
[Part 1]
[Part 1]

... each of three stalks and that, where the three stalks grew out from the top of the main stem, a whorl of five leaves grew out radially; while another plant had three flowers on each of five stems with a whorl of eight leaves at the base of the flower stalks. The Fibonacci number pattern, . however, ...
Agricultural Plant Diseases Plant Diseases
Agricultural Plant Diseases Plant Diseases

... Most fungi are beneficial. They contribute to soil fertility by releasing nutrients from dead plants or animals. Those that cause plant diseases are parasites on living plants. They may attack plants and plant products both above and below ground. Some fungal pathogens attack many plant species; oth ...
Painted Indian Mallow (Abutilon pictum)
Painted Indian Mallow (Abutilon pictum)

... or greyish-brown in colour. The alternately arranged leaves are borne on stalks 3-15 cm long. These leaves (5-15 cm long and 5-15 cm wide) usually have five pointed lobes with toothed margins and they resemble a maple leaf. Their upper surfaces are hairless, while their undersides are sparsely cover ...
Flower Diagram Removed
Flower Diagram Removed

... 7. Which of the following is not true of fast plants? A) The scientific name is Brassica Rapa B) They are monocots C) They are classified as crucifers D) They are genetically engineered plants E) Their cell wall are is made up of pectin 8. All of the following increase in value as the fast plant mat ...
Fruticose Lichens - librarykvbirbhum
Fruticose Lichens - librarykvbirbhum

... mosses with mature sporophytes If you have tried to grow a lawn in a shady location you have probably been troubled by mosses as weeds. Like many lower organisms they are very sensitive to copper salts and can be controlled in this way. On the other hand mosses are green and better adapted to shade ...
video slide - CARNES AP BIO | "Nothing in biology makes
video slide - CARNES AP BIO | "Nothing in biology makes

... – Is the main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants ...
1 cm 1 cm 3 mm
1 cm 1 cm 3 mm

... Rhus (genus traits): Shrubs or small trees, dioecious or bisexual+pistillate Lvs. alternate, simple or compound, stipules 0 Infl. raceme or panicle Fls. small, stamens 0 or 5, styles 3 Calyx 4-6 sepals Corolla mostly 5 petals Fruit 3 lobed capsules. Rhus = Greek name for sumac Toxicodendron (genus t ...
caladiums - Osceola IFAS Extension Office
caladiums - Osceola IFAS Extension Office

... caladiums available for the Florida gardener - fancy-leaved and lance-leaved. Fancy leaves are more popular because of their large heart-shaped leaves. Lance-leaved caladiums have narrow, elongated leaves and a more compact form. This type is also hardier, with long-lasting color, making it great fo ...
121KB - NZQA
121KB - NZQA

... of the leaf because these cells are specialised for absorbing the most sunlight. They can do this because they are long, with more chloroplasts than other cells found in the leaf. They absorb most of the light that first filters through the leaf because their cells are arranged longitudinally to all ...
Commercial Crop Production Fruit and Nut Crops - Fig
Commercial Crop Production Fruit and Nut Crops - Fig

... upper surface of leaves while on the lower surface the spots appear as small blisters. Heavily infected leaves turn yellow or brown and drop prematurely. Fruit are not affected by fig rust. Source of Inoculum: Fungal spores survive on fallen, infected and diseased leaves. Spores are dispersed by win ...
200KB - NZQA
200KB - NZQA

... of the leaf because these cells are specialised for absorbing the most sunlight. They can do this because they are long, with more chloroplasts than other cells found in the leaf. They absorb most of the light that first filters through the leaf because their cells are arranged longitudinally to all ...
32 LAB 3- VASCULAR PLANT LIFE CYCLES: Lycophytes
32 LAB 3- VASCULAR PLANT LIFE CYCLES: Lycophytes

... Note that the strobili (cones) form on determinate side branches. Depending on which species you are looking at, the cones may be solitary (one per side branch) or there may be several cones on a branched stalk. In some species, there is a clear distinction between the form of sporophylls (modified ...
Light Environment Has Little Effect on
Light Environment Has Little Effect on

... Pasquet-Kok et al. 2010). Despite the genetic control of heteroblasty, recent studies indicate that heteroblastic responses can be modified by environmental conditions. For instance, both the trajectory and the timing of Acacia implexa’s heteroblastic development respond to nutritional and light stat ...
Plant response
Plant response

... Stomata control; Dormancy ...
As it appears in Units 1–4
As it appears in Units 1–4

... original hypothesis. If a hypothesis is supported by experimental results this does not mean that the hypothesis is correct. It means that the results support the hypothesis. Conversely, if the results refute the hypothesis it does not mean that the hypothesis is incorrect but that the results do no ...
Ferns are a primitive group of land plants that first appeared in the
Ferns are a primitive group of land plants that first appeared in the

... roamed the Earth from 230 to 65 million years before present times, although many fern families, genera and species did not appear until the early Cretaceous 150 million years ago. There are more than 12,000 extant fern species throughout the world, found on every continent with the exception of Ant ...
CHAPTER OUTLINE
CHAPTER OUTLINE

... Liverworts come in two types: those with a flat, lobed thallus, and those that are leafy. Mosses Mosses live in a variety of environments. Most can reproduce asexually by fragmentation. The gametophyte is the dominant generation and has two stages. At first the sporophyte is green and photosynthetic ...
Equatorial Exotics for Rare and Beautiful Tropical Plants of the World
Equatorial Exotics for Rare and Beautiful Tropical Plants of the World

... Tree for the lovers of large leaved plants. New Guinea species with corrugated leaves. Cold tolerant. Larger plants - enquire. ...
plant damage from air pollution
plant damage from air pollution

... white pines range from stunted to dwarfed and chlorotic. The injury pattern in small grains and forage grasses generally occurs as a scattering of small, yellowish or white-to-tan flecks on one or both leaf surfaces. The flecks later may merge to form larger, bleached-white to yellowish dead areas. ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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