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Nandina Nandina domestica `Firepower`
Nandina Nandina domestica `Firepower`

... Pest resistance: long-term health usually not affected by pests Use and Management Nandina is a low maintenance shrub, requiring only one pruning each year to control plant height, if needed. The tallest canes should be trimmed to the ground or to different heights in early spring to reduce the size ...
Chapter 23 Plant Evolution 23.1 The Green Algal Ancestor of Plants
Chapter 23 Plant Evolution 23.1 The Green Algal Ancestor of Plants

... 1. Leaves and stems are covered by a waxy cuticle that holds in water but limits gas exchange; the thickness of the cuticle varies among different species of plants. 2. Leaves and some other tissues have openings (stomata) that regulate gas and water exchange. 3. Apical tissue has the ability to pro ...
Basic Botany
Basic Botany

... • Seeds contain a food source as well as the embryo. Until photosynthesis gets started, the new plant needs to live on stored food. • The cotyledons are the first leaves of the new plant. They are fully formed in the seed. The cotyledons unfold when the seed germinates. • Major difference between mo ...
Plant Evolution - Biology Junction
Plant Evolution - Biology Junction

... 1. Leaves and stems are covered by a waxy cuticle that holds in water but limits gas exchange; the thickness of the cuticle varies among different species of plants. 2. Leaves and some other tissues have openings (stomata) that regulate gas and water exchange. 3. Apical tissue has the ability to pro ...
PDF - Woody Plants Database
PDF - Woody Plants Database

... Environmental Other: semi-evergreen to evergreen; orange-red fruit; dark green foliage; great as espaliered plant; thorns ...
Wild mustard
Wild mustard

... rosette. Lower leaves are irregularly lobed and toothed with petioles; upper leaves are alternate, stalkless to short-stalked with Wild mustard coarsely toothed margins and lower leaf. pointed tips, gradually becoming smaller toward the top. Stems Erect, up to 3-foot-tall stems bolt from a basal ros ...
Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction

... pollination and seed production. Instead, a new plant grows from a vegetative part, usually a stem, of the parent plant. However, plants which reproduce asexually almost always reproduce sexually as well, bearing flowers, fruits and seeds. Vegetative reproduction from a stem usually involves the bud ...
vascular - The Home Ed Center
vascular - The Home Ed Center

...  When the pollen (sperm) and ovule (egg) join, a diploid zygote is formed.  Then the fertilized egg divides through mitosis and grows into and embryo inside a seed in the seed cone. The embryo being a young sporophtye.  Finally the seed will be shed and will soon reach a suitable environment for ...
Recovery of Field Corn, Haycrops and Pasture Following Armyworm Damage
Recovery of Field Corn, Haycrops and Pasture Following Armyworm Damage

... silage yield losses when defoliation occurred at the time of tasseling and silking. An average of 70% yield loss from the 3 sites was reported at the critical early reproductive stages. The study reported that forage yields were only decreased 16% when 100% defoliation occurred at the 7th leaf stage ...
1976.V19.LEROUX.NORTHERN ELEMENTS LOWER GONDWANA
1976.V19.LEROUX.NORTHERN ELEMENTS LOWER GONDWANA

... The pinnules are slightly decurrent. The margins are more or less parallel in the apical region, but slightly This genus includes plants with fern-like foliage curved near the base. There is a strong median vein which may show similarity in gross morphological traversing the pinnule. Closely-spaced ...
australian poisonous plants
australian poisonous plants

... (leaf like) surrounding small yellow flowers American climbing plant secreting an irritant oil from its leaves Potatoes that have a green colour to them contain a poison called solanine. NB If cut away they are safe to eat ...
Leaf Evolution: Gases, Genes and Geochemistry
Leaf Evolution: Gases, Genes and Geochemistry

... in euphyllophytes (ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms). Microphylls, with a distinctive vasculature and (usually) unbranched venation, are thought to have evolved from spine-like enations and predate megaphylls in the terrestrial plant fossil record (Gifford and Foster, 1988). Of greater significanc ...
Some Flowering Plants of the Devon Island Lowlands
Some Flowering Plants of the Devon Island Lowlands

... FLOWERING PLANTS OF DEVON ISLAND ...
Gingko - WI Master Gardener Program
Gingko - WI Master Gardener Program

... veins (producing almost a ribbed appearance), generally with a single vertical slit in the top center, and on a petiole that is also up to 3” long. The leaves are clustered on numerous short spur shoots or alternate along the terminal stems. Because of their ...
Printable Word Document - Nassau County Extension
Printable Word Document - Nassau County Extension

... Trees are easily propagated with winter from hardwood cuttings, 15-20 cm (6-8 in.) in length and pencil size or larger in diameter. Cuttings should be taken in February or March and placed vertically in soil with the top node exposed. Cuttings may be left in nursery rows for 1 to 2 years. Seed-propa ...
Developmental transitions during the evolution of plant form
Developmental transitions during the evolution of plant form

... lignified conducting cells (tracheids). Whereas moss and some liverwort gametophytes transport water through conducting hydroids consisting of elongated cells with just primary cell walls, and protracheophyte fossils show evidence of a similar system (Boyce et al. ), true tracheophytes transport ...
Alpinia purpurata - Aggie Horticulture
Alpinia purpurata - Aggie Horticulture

... • Red Ginger is native to Malaysian and islands in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, but has naturalized extensively in many tropical climates, including Hawaii where it is one of the more frequently encountered gingers both in cultivated landscapes and wild settings; Alpinia purpurata is the national fl ...
Some ethnomedicines used by the Tai Ahom of Dibrugarh district
Some ethnomedicines used by the Tai Ahom of Dibrugarh district

... longitude and 22º-28º North latitude. Dibrugarh district is located in the eastern part of Assam and is situated between 27°5‫׳‬28′-27º42‫׳‬30′ North latitude and 94º30‫׳‬46′-95º29‫׳‬8′ East longitude, covering an area of 3301 sq. km. The district is surrounded by Dhemaji district of Assam in the No ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)

... Martin (2001) defines ethnobotany as, “the interactions between plants and people in their local environment”, following the concept of ethnobotany promulgated earlier by Jones (1941), who defines ethnobotany as the study of tribal people and their utilization of tropical plants. Ethnobotany has eme ...
A Review on Euphorbia neriifolia (Sehund)
A Review on Euphorbia neriifolia (Sehund)

... diam., jointed cylindric or obscurely 5-angled with sharp stipular thorns arising from thick subconfluent tubercles in 5 irregular rows. Leaves are succulent, deciduous, 6-12 inch long, terminal on the branches, waved narrowed into a very short petiole (Fig. 1 and ...
The Structure and Development of Eriocaulon septangulare With.
The Structure and Development of Eriocaulon septangulare With.

... Eriocaulon septangulare With., the subject of the present study, is a small, submerged aquatic plant, the sole European representative of a large genus of well over two hundred species, the great majority of which are plants of swampy soils, with a wide distribution in the tropical and subtropical r ...
Examples of the CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
Examples of the CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

... Bobby Sue notices that in the spring, the oak trees in her neighborhood are covered with tiny flowers and the air is filled with oak pollen. She observes that after a week or two, tiny acorns have begun to develop from the flowers. She knows that these acorns might one day become new oak trees. What ...
Woody Plants Database
Woody Plants Database

... 'Dorothy Wycoff' - compact, vigorous growth; flower buds are colored dark red, opens to reveal light pink blooms; foliage is dark green in the summer, turning bronze in the ...
Sympodial Construction of Fibonacci-type Leaf
Sympodial Construction of Fibonacci-type Leaf

... Jobson et al., 2003; Müller et al., 2004) more meaningful. The hygrophilous genus Pinguicula is characterized by a basal rosette of more or less broadly ovate leaves that, by means of secretory glands, capture and digest insects (Casper, 1966; Legendre, 2000). There are two distinct growth-forms in ...
Keeping Everyone Safe in the Ag Lab
Keeping Everyone Safe in the Ag Lab

...  Two types of conductive tissues in the stem:  xylem: transports water and minerals from the roots  phloem: transports food from the leaves  both are created by the cambium which becomes growth rings in trees  the xylem and phloem are arranged in a ring in dicots and scattered in moncots ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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