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New evidence of the reproductive organs of Glossopteris based on
New evidence of the reproductive organs of Glossopteris based on

... attaining around 1 mm thickness, thickest at a central midrib area with thinning margins that curve slightly inward. The microsporophyll tissues are mostly composed of parenchymatous cells, but usually poorly preserved. Pollen sacs are attached to the adaxial surfaces of microsporophylls by small el ...
Biology 101 Flower parts Fall, 2008 Week 3 – Flowers
Biology 101 Flower parts Fall, 2008 Week 3 – Flowers

... synthesized in apical meristems and young plant parts. stimulate cellular elongation, differentiation of vascular tissue, formation of roots, production of ethylene, and fruit development but delay fruit and leaf abscision. Monocots are less sensitive than dicots and shoots are less sensitive than a ...
1 BACKGROUND TO CAMPHOR LAUREL
1 BACKGROUND TO CAMPHOR LAUREL

... camphor oil) when crushed. Camphor laurels are easily recognisable in spring when their new foliage is bright green in colour. Some leaves turn yellow or red in winter. It has red or yellow stems. It is sometimes mistaken for native laurels. Plate 4: Camphor laurel leaves & young flower buds. Source ...
MONOCOTS versus DICOTS The Two Classes of Flowering Plants
MONOCOTS versus DICOTS The Two Classes of Flowering Plants

... Traditionally, the flowering plants have been divided into two major groups, or classes: the Dicots and the Monocots. In 1682, John Ray published his Methodus Plantarum Nova, in which Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons were first given formal taxonomic standing. This system was popularized by the Frenc ...
BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015 Freeman Lecture Exam 3 1
BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015 Freeman Lecture Exam 3 1

... 13) What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land? a. remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells b. loss of structures that produce spores c. sporopollenin to inhibit transpiration from leaves d. waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from ...
Chap 39
Chap 39

... as drought, flooding, mechanical pressure, injury, and infection. – Ethylene production also occurs during fruit ripening and during programmed cell death. – Ethylene is also produced in response to high concentrations of externally applied auxins. ...
Blank Plant Packet
Blank Plant Packet

... The leaf is the primary photosynthetic organ of the plant. It consists of a flattened portion, called the blade that is attached to the plant by a structure called the petiole. The outer surface of the leaf has a thin waxy covering called the CUTICLE (A). This layer's primary function is to prevent ...
Common Name: APPALACHIAN TWAYBLADE Scientific Name
Common Name: APPALACHIAN TWAYBLADE Scientific Name

... Related Rare Species: Southern twayblade (Listera australis, Special Concern) occurs in 9 counties in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain in floodplains and other damp forests. It resembles Appalachian twayblade except the lip petal is elongated and divided into 2 very narrow, pointed segments. Habitat: ...
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Plantae

... d. Sperm cells that were in the pollen travel through the tube to the egg cells in the ovary. e. Fertilization produces seed (sperm + egg = seed) ...
Author - Princeton ISD
Author - Princeton ISD

... 1. Students should understand the concept that plants start from seeds and have roots, stems, and leaves. 2. Students will observe seedling pictures and the parent plant pictures and make observations about how the young plants resemble the parent plant. As students observe both the seedling and the ...
Chapter 35: The Plant Body
Chapter 35: The Plant Body

... – it is this elongation of cells that is mainly responsible for pushing the root tip, including the meristem, ahead – the meristem sustains growth by continuously adding cells to the youngest end of the zone of elongation ...
Why are non-photosynthetic tissues generelly 13C enriched
Why are non-photosynthetic tissues generelly 13C enriched

... • Expanding leaves fix carbon more negative in δ 13C than mature leaves (responsible for carbon export to heterotrophic tissue) • Higher values of pi/pa in expanding leaves. But: Evidence also suggests a 13C enriching mechanism in roots ...
15 Pennsylvania Trees In Troop 57`s Orienteering Nature Course
15 Pennsylvania Trees In Troop 57`s Orienteering Nature Course

... Axil- The upper angle where a leaf stalks joins the stem or a smaller stem joins a larger one. Alternate- One leaf attached at each node. See opposite and whorled. Capsule- A dry fruit which contains more than one seed and splits open when ripe. Catkin - A compound bloom consisting of scaly bracts a ...
Mike and Jen`s Plant List
Mike and Jen`s Plant List

... bright red in winter. Can appear twiggy in winter and therefore the winter is a good time to prune out small twigs and to leave the main branches. Leaf scorch can occur during heat waves and if left too dry. ...
Orchids - UC ANR
Orchids - UC ANR

... have made many species endangered.  Brought to England in the early 1700’s from China and the West Indies.  The Aztecs used vanilla flavoring, and this was introduced to Europe after the Spanish conquest of Mexico. ...
BOTANY
BOTANY

... At the morphological description of leaf, it was established the plant is belonging to Heath Family (Ericaceae). Leaves are alternate, with a have short petioles, leathery, elliptic or oblong with a denticulate top, with a down tucked edge their upper surface is deep green and in colour and lower s ...
Centaurea solstitialis L., YELLOW STAR
Centaurea solstitialis L., YELLOW STAR

... alternating fibrous stripes and green, photosynthetic tissue, grayish from cobwebby hairs. Leaves: helically alternate, 1−2-pinnately lobed (basal leaves) and unlobed (cauline leaves), sessile, without stipules; blade of lobed basal and lower leaves 50−150 mm long, of cauline leaves long-acuminate l ...
KS2 Science Quiz Adaptation
KS2 Science Quiz Adaptation

... giraffe has such a long neck, or why sharks have so many rows of teeth (and always have new teeth ready to replace any that fall out)? Why a cactus is spiky and a sloth rarely moves? The amazing characteristics shown ...
KS2 Science Quiz Adaptation
KS2 Science Quiz Adaptation

... giraffe has such a long neck, or why sharks have so many rows of teeth (and always have new teeth ready to replace any that fall out)? Why a cactus is spiky and a sloth rarely moves? The amazing characteristics shown ...
invasive plants for web - Gulf Coast Research Laboratory
invasive plants for web - Gulf Coast Research Laboratory

... height. Leaves are alternate, heart-shaped, form a fine point at the tip, are 1½ to three inches long, and one to two inches wide. Leaves turn yellow then to bright red in fall, often forming dense thickets. Common name is derived from the fruit, a three-chambered capsule which splits at maturity to ...
Unit 16 - Plant Systems
Unit 16 - Plant Systems

... tubes; movement is up from roots to leaves o Phloem – transports glucose; movement can be up and down ...
Prunus x yedoensis Yoshino Cherry
Prunus x yedoensis Yoshino Cherry

... Best used as a specimen or near the deck or patio for shade, Yoshino Cherry also works nicely along walks or near a water feature. Not a street or parking lot tree due to drought-sensitivity. Large specimens take on a weeping habit with delicate branchlets arranged on upright-spreading branches affi ...
November plants - Special Plants Nursery
November plants - Special Plants Nursery

... Discovered in China in 1908 but not introduced into cultivation until 1980, Heptacodium is a wonderful small tree or large shrub. It is beautiful every month of the year. In winter its peeling bark and elegant silhouette make it stand out. In spring the pairs of deeply veined leaves start to grow, e ...
Blue-eyed Grass - Andy`s Web Tools
Blue-eyed Grass - Andy`s Web Tools

... ID tips: ...
plants outline -- honors version
plants outline -- honors version

... iii. Guard cells and stomates (fig. 32.4, p. 647) iv. xylem tubes form annual rings in some plants c. phloem – long cells connected together to form a tube; transport sugar (food) from leaves to other parts of the plant. i. cell type – p. 625, fig. 31.6F ii. how do they function? (p. 646647) C. Divi ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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